69 research outputs found

    Associations between depressive symptoms and disease progression in older patients with chronic kidney disease: results of the EQUAL study

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    Background Depressive symptoms are associated with adverse clinical outcomes in patients with end-stage kidney disease; however, few small studies have examined this association in patients with earlier phases of chronic kidney disease (CKD). We studied associations between baseline depressive symptoms and clinical outcomes in older patients with advanced CKD and examined whether these associations differed depending on sex. Methods CKD patients (>= 65 years; estimated glomerular filtration rate <= 20 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) were included from a European multicentre prospective cohort between 2012 and 2019. Depressive symptoms were measured by the five-item Mental Health Inventory (cut-off <= 70; 0-100 scale). Cox proportional hazard analysis was used to study associations between depressive symptoms and time to dialysis initiation, all-cause mortality and these outcomes combined. A joint model was used to study the association between depressive symptoms and kidney function over time. Analyses were adjusted for potential baseline confounders. Results Overall kidney function decline in 1326 patients was -0.12 mL/min/1.73 m(2)/month. A total of 515 patients showed depressive symptoms. No significant association was found between depressive symptoms and kidney function over time (P = 0.08). Unlike women, men with depressive symptoms had an increased mortality rate compared with those without symptoms [adjusted hazard ratio 1.41 (95% confidence interval 1.03-1.93)]. Depressive symptoms were not significantly associated with a higher hazard of dialysis initiation, or with the combined outcome (i.e. dialysis initiation and all-cause mortality). Conclusions There was no significant association between depressive symptoms at baseline and decline in kidney function over time in older patients with advanced CKD. Depressive symptoms at baseline were associated with a higher mortality rate in men

    Proceedings of the 9th international symposium on veterinary rehabilitation and physical therapy

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    Expensive living and costly entertainment : Britons as aspiring consumers in Jamaica c. 1750-1810

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    Konsumtion Ă€r en del av vardagen. Genom att konsumera kan vi meddela oss med vĂ„r omgivning: vad och hur vi konsumerar talar om för folk omkring oss vilka intressen vi har och hur vĂ„r familjesituation ser ut. Konsumtion av specifika varor kan ocksĂ„ vara ett sĂ€tt att försöka pĂ„verka den bild andra har av oss. Under 1700-talet hade klĂ€dsel och uppförande kanske en Ă€nnu större betydelse för hur folk uppfattade varandra Ă€n vad det har idag. Genom att konsumera pĂ„ ”rĂ€tt” sĂ€tt kunde en uppĂ„tstrĂ€vande person försöka framstĂ€lla sig sjĂ€lv i önskat ljus och förbĂ€ttra sin position i samhĂ€llet. Under 1700-talet lockade de brittiska kolonierna mĂ„nga lycksökare eftersom det fanns en chans att man snabbt kunde tjĂ€na pengar dĂ€r. Avhandlingen i allmĂ€n historia handlar om en grupp britter pĂ„ Jamaika under Ă„ren 1750-1810 och deras konsumtion. Trots att dessa mĂ€n och kvinnor befann sig i VĂ€stindien, i en pĂ„ mĂ„nga sĂ€tt ovan och farlig omgivning, försökte de upprĂ€tthĂ„lla en bild av sig sjĂ€lva som engelska gentlemĂ€n och –kvinnor. FörhĂ„llandena pĂ„ ön komplicerade dock det hela. AvstĂ„ndet till England var lĂ„ngt, klimatet besvĂ€rligt och det fanns en konstant rĂ€dsla för sjukdomar och slavuppror. Mot slutet av 1700-talet höjdes ocksĂ„ allt fler kritiska röster i Europa mot slaveriet i kolonierna, vilket fick britterna pĂ„ Jamaika att framstĂ„ i ett allt sĂ€mre ljus. För att kunna konsumera moderiktiga varor, behövde invĂ„narna i kolonierna information. Kunskap gĂ€llande det senaste modet i Europa fick de frĂ„n mĂ„nga hĂ„ll, bland annat genom tidningar och brevvĂ€xling över Atlanten. Resan över Atlanten var dock lĂ„ng och skillnader i klimatet gjorde att de klĂ€der som passat i England inte nödvĂ€ndigtvis gjorde det i VĂ€stindien. Avhandlingen visar att de uppĂ„tstrĂ€vande britterna pĂ„ Jamaika var beroende av sina kontakter pĂ„ andra sidan Atlanten för att fĂ„ tag pĂ„ moderiktiga klĂ€der och andra föremĂ„l. Trots detta hade de svĂ„rt att leva upp till bĂ„de sina egna och andras förvĂ€ntningar

    FörÀldrars instÀllning till förskoleverksamheten ­ En studie som jÀmför förÀldrars instÀllningar mellan tvÄ stadsdelar i Göteborg

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    Syfte: VĂ„rt syfte med den hĂ€r studien Ă€r att undersöka ifall förĂ€ldrars instĂ€llning till olika frĂ„gor inom förskoleverksamheten Ă€r olika eller lika mellan stadsdelarna Torslanda och GĂ„rdsten. HuvudfrĂ„ga: Hur ser likheterna och skillnaderna ut, vad Ă€r det Ă€r likt eller olikt, mellan instĂ€llningarna hos förĂ€ldrarna i GĂ„rdsten och Torslanda. Metod: I vĂ„r studie över likheter och skillnader mellan GĂ„rdsten och Torslanda har vi valt att göra en kvantitativ enkĂ€tundersökning. Detta för att fĂ„ sĂ„ stor bredd pĂ„ frĂ„gorna inom förskoleverksamhetens omrĂ„de som möjligt. Resultat: Vi kom fram till att det fanns mĂ„nga frĂ„gor som berör förskoleverksamheten, dĂ€r det var stor skillnad i förĂ€ldrarnas instĂ€llning mellan stadsdelarna. Inom andra omrĂ„den var svaren mer lika. Alla förĂ€ldrar vill sina barn det bĂ€sta och detta utlĂ€ste vi i enkĂ€tsvaren men förĂ€ldrarna kunde inte fĂ„ fram detta till lĂ€rarna. Även information som lĂ€rarna ger ut gĂ„r inte hela vĂ€gen fram av en mĂ€ngd olika orsaker. GĂ„rdstens och Torslandas problematik handlar om att fĂ„ en bĂ€ttre arbetsmiljö för barnen men förĂ€ldrarna vill nĂ„ fram till detta pĂ„ olika sĂ€tt. JĂ€mlikhet och rĂ€ttvisa Ă€r omrĂ„den som bĂ„da stadsdelarna behöver arbeta med. Betydelse för lĂ€raryrket: Vi har i vĂ„r undersökning sett att kommunikationen med förĂ€ldrarna i GĂ„rdsten inte sker sĂ„ lĂ€tt, sprĂ„ket Ă€r en barriĂ€r i samarbetet. HĂ€r behövs det arbetas mycket med kommunikationen för att den skall ske tillfredsstĂ€llande enligt förĂ€ldrarnas svar i vĂ„r undersökning. Det vi tar med oss i vĂ„r kommande lĂ€rarkarriĂ€r frĂ„n denna uppsats Ă€r förĂ€ldrarnas tankar

    Byteshandel med fickur i Finland cirka 1870–1910

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    Siirtolaisnaiset kuluttajina 1700-luvun Jamaikalla

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    LÀkemedlet Oxazepam pÄverkar abborryngel : Exponering under embryonalutvecklingen ger effekter pÄ tillvÀxt, överlevnad och beteende

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    Pharmaceuticals are environmental pollutants that are a major threat to aquatic ecosystems and very little is known about their ecological consequences. In this study growth, survival and behaviour (sociability, activity and boldness) of perch fry (Perca fluviatilis) were examined in order to study the possible effects of exposure to a benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug, Oxazepam, during embryonic development. The study tested following hypotheses: (1) perch growth is affected positively by exposure during embryonic development; (2) early perch survival is affected positively by exposure during embryonic development; and (3) boldness and activity increases while sociability decreases in perch fry exposed during embryonic development. Embryos of naturally spawned perch were exposed to water with two different concentrations of Oxazepam. The embryos were exposed during different parts (24-hour periods) of the embryonic development, because embryos may be more vulnerable at certain times during embryonic development and/or because the exposure at different times can produce different effects. Embryos were also chronically exposed, which is essential for aquatic systems because the influx of pharmaceuticals is more or less continuous. In line with hypothesis 1 treatment with Oxazepam affected growth positively. Similarly, survival increased with Oxazepam exposure as predicted by hypothesis 2. Perch fry exposed to the high concentration and fry exposed late during embryonic development survived better. In addition, as hypothesized in hypothesis 3, perch fry exposed to both concentrations exhibited increased activity and reduced sociability although boldness did not increase. Further studies are required to demonstrate the ecological consequences of Oxazepam in aquatic systems

    Ecotoxicological effects on a food-web exposed to pharmaceuticals : Uptake and effects of oxazepam, fexofenadine and a mixture of both in algae, zooplankton and sticklebacks.

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    Complex mixtures of biologically active pharmaceutical residues continuously enter aquatic environments via wastewater, where it can affect species through preserved human drug targets or cause unexpected effects in non-target species. Benzodiazepines and antihistamines are two highly consumed groups of pharmaceuticals that have been shown to bioconcentrate in aquatic organisms and induce behavioural alterations affecting individual fitness. Few studies have investigated bioaccumulation and possible ecological effects of co-occurring pharmaceuticals in food-webs. The aim of this study was to: 1) quantify and compare species-specific bioconcentration and bioaccumulation, by exposing a tri-trophic system consisting of algae, zooplankton and three-spined sticklebacks to oxazepam (benzodiazepine), fexofenadine (antihistamine) and a mixture of both, and 2) analyse if exposure to these pharmaceuticals induce behavioural alterations in sticklebacks, by using standardized behavioural experiments. Species-specific bioconcentration of both oxazepam and fexofenadine was confirmed (F3,98 = 3.061, p = 0.03) were algae and zooplankton bioconcentrated substantially more pharmaceuticals (~50-1800 Όg kg-1) compared to sticklebacks (~0.1-6 Όg kg-1). Uptake of oxazepam in both zooplankton and sticklebacks was significantly higher compared to fexofenadine (p < 0.001).  Zooplankton and sticklebacks retained 16 and 0.3%, respectively, of fexofenadine from the consumed contaminated prey. Sticklebacks showed no direct behavioural alterations, but possible direct and indirect cascading effects might occur in co-occurrence with fish species exhibiting pharmaceutical-induced alterations. These findings highlight the importance of including consumption of contaminated prey as an important exposure route, when assessing effects of pharmaceuticals in the environment. Contamination magnitudes and subsequent effects are species-specific and vary depending on type of pharmaceuticals
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