The hall effect and the associated phenomena in cadmium sulphide

Hall effect and photo Hall measurements have been made on a number of crystals. These crystals were grown (in this laboratory) using a modified method of the technique of growth by vacuum sublimation. The object of the photo Hall measurements was to determine some of the parameters of the imperfection centres with energy levels in the forbidden gap in photosensitive cadmium sulphide crystals. Two crystals (crystals 78 and 79) with dark conductivities less than 10(^-7) mho cm(^-1)were chosen for the investigation. Their conductivities could be increased to 10(^-2) mho cm(^-1) by optical excitation with an intensity of 3200 ft-c. The photo Hall effect was investigated at different temperatures. Measurements were made to determine the variation in the value of Hall mobility as a function of the location of the electron Fermi level which was achieved by changing the intensity of photoexcitation. From the plots of 1/µ versus E(_fn) (at different temperatures) four electron trapping levels with energy depths of 0.12, 0.l6, 0-22 and 0.33 eV and six electron trapping levels with energy depths of O.O98, 0.13, 0'19, 0.23, 0.33 and 0.42 eV below the conduction band were obtained for crystals 78 and 79 respectively. The photoHall data were also used to determine the charge state and the scattering cross-sections of the imperfection centres. The experimental values of the scattering cross-sections were of the -11 2order of 10cm. From a study of the temperature dependence of concentration of photoexcited carriers, the height of the energy levels of the sensitizing centres above the valence band was found to be 1.04 eV. The Hall coefficient was also measured for a number of semiconducting samples between 14 K and 300 K. The donor ionization energies and the donor and acceptor concentrations were determined from the variation of carrier concentration with temperature above 30 K. Below 30 K, the variation of carrier concentration with temperature was found to be dominated by an impurity band conduction mechanism (non-metallic type). Polar optical mode scattering was the dominant intrinsic scattering mechanism at the higher temperatures. The experimental mobility data could be fitted to theoretically computed values of µ assuming that polar optical mode, piezoelectric and ionized impurity scattering processes were operative. The effective mass was used as an adjustable parameter. The best fit was obtained with m*(_e) = 0.19 m

Uji Efisiensi Budi Daya Tumpangsari Tanaman Kacang Buncis (Phaseolusvulgaris L.) Dengan Sawi Putih (Brassica Juncea L.) Pada Pola Tanam Yang Berbeda

This research is to know at the result white mustard and intercropping green beans farm and to know the efficiency in using land in intercropping white mustard and green beans.This research was used randomize design method single factor, with 5 treatment suchas cropping patterns between white mustard and green beans repeated 3 times, so there were 15 experimental units. There are research treatment: T01: green beans monoculture control, T02: mustard monoculture control, T1: green benas line1 mustard line, T2: 2 green beanslines 1 mustard line, and T3: 1 green beans line 2 mustard lines. The observed variables: diameter crop, a fresh weight of white mustard, the number of green beans, and a fresh weight of green beans. The data was analyzed using F test, continued with BNJ test withextent error 5%. The result of the research showed that T02 treatment give the best effect on diamer mustard variable, T1 give the best effect on fresh weight mustard variable, T2 show the best effect on the number of green beans pod, and fresh weight green beans pod. Based on equity ratio of land, mustard and green beans planted using intercropping system showed that it more efficient than using monoculture syste

Taman Geologi (Geopark) Sidoarjo Dengan Pemanfaatan Material Lumpur Sidoarjo

Fenomena semburan lumpur Sidoarjo merupakan fenomena yang menyebabkanbanyak kerugian diberbagai aspek terutama lingkungan yang menenggelamkanbeberapa desa di beberapa kecamatan di Sidoarjo. Pada tahun 2012, BadanPenanggulangan Lumpur Sidoarjo (BPLS) selaku pengelola area lumpur Sidoarjomerencanakan masterplan area luar terdampak Lumpur Sidoarjo yang digunakansebagai pengembangan wisata, salah satunya taman geologi (geopark). Sementara itulumpur Sidoarjo memiliki potensi yang telah dikembangkan sebagai material bangunan.Meski telah memenuhi persyaratan fisik rancangan taman geologi (geopark) Sidoarjoperlu adanya kajian bagaimanakah pemanfaatan material lumpur Sidoarjo padarancangan taman geologi (geopark) Sidoarjo. Metode yang digunakan dalam kajian iniantara lain metode programatik, pragmatis dan kanonik. Hasil desain rancangan tamangeologi (geopark) yang didesain mengikuti kriteria geopark berupa bangunan tidakmasif yang ditunjukkan dengan pemanfaatan sistem panggung dan pemanfaatanmaterial ringan lumpur Sidoarjo sebagai material pengisi sebagai elemen dinding atapdan lantai pada bangunan taman geologi ini

Penataan Ruang Dagang Pada Rancangan Kembali Pasar Sukun Kota Malang

Pasar Sukun merupakan salah satu pasar penyumbang restribusi Pendapatan AsliDaerah (PAD) Kota Malang yang tinggi, namun hal tersebut tidak diimbangi denganaspek Kenyamanan arsitektural yang mencangkup penataan ruang dagang. PadaPasar Sukun penataan ruang dagang pada penjual kebutuhan sehari-hari masihbercampur aduk, bahkan antara pasar kambing dan pasar kebutuhan sehari-hari.Penataan ruang dagang ini mengacu pada Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RepublikIndonesia nomor 519 tahun 2008 tentang pedoman pasar sehat, mengingat rencanapemerintah Kota Malang untuk pemberdayaan kualitas bangunan perdagangandengan penerapan pasar sehat yang tercantum dalam Rencana Pemerintah JangkaMenengah Daerah (RPJMD) tahun 2013-2018. Permasalahan penataan ruangdagang tersebut menjadi permasalahan utama pada kajian ini karena pengaruhnyayang besar dalam terwujudnya pasar sehat

EXTENDED SPECTRUM BETA LACTAMASE (ESBL); INDIKATOR RESISTENSI ANTIBIOTIKA GOLONGAN SEFALOSPORIN UNTUK PASIEN TERINFEKSI BAKTERI Pseudomonas aeruginosa di RSUP DR. WAHIDIN SUDIROHUSODO MAKASSAR

β-laktamase spektrum luas (ESBL) merupakan suatu kelompok enzim laktamase yang bertanggungjawab terhadap sebagian besar kasus resisten bakteri yang sebagian besar merupakan bakteri gram negatif, terhadap antibiotika β-laktam generasi baru yang kini telah teridentifikasi dalam jumlah besar di seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk Memperoleh data prevalensi dari resistensi antibiotika golongan sefalosporin pada bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa dan Mengetahui frekuensi kejadian Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) pada 25 spesimen klinis di RSUP Dr. Wahidin Sudirohusodo Makassar selama periode April – Juli 2017. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi uji sensitivitas antimikroba yang dilakukan dengan mengguakan metode difusi agar Kirby-Bauer dan uji produksi ESBL dengan menggunakan metode double disc synergy test (DDST) dan phenotypic confirmatory test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri Pseudomonas aeruginosa berhasil diisolasi dari semua sampel dengan tingkat keakuratan sebesar (90% - 99%). Pada uji sensitivitas antimikroba ditemukan bahwa dari 25 sampel klinik yang diuji terhadap antibiotika sefalosporin, yang telah mengalami resistensi secara berurutan dari yang terbesar adalah cefotaxime 19 sampel (76%), ceftriaxone 16 sampel (64%), dan ceftazidime 7 sampel (28%). Pada uji produksi ESBL ditemukan 21 sampel (84%) positif ESBL pada antibiotika cefotaxime+as. klavulanat, 21 sampel (84%) positif ESBL pada antibiotika ceftriaxone+as.klavunalat, dan 16 sampel (64%) positif ESBL pada antibiotika ceftriaxone

The Application of Resirculation System on Domestication of Catfish (Pangasius Polyuranodon Blkr)

Pangasius polyuranodon Blkr is Indonesia's endemic spesies which need to bedomesticated for species preservation. The aim of this research is to find out thetechnique to domesticate P. polyuranodon Blkr from nature habitat and keep it incontrol aquaculture system, as well as also to apply resirculation system inkeeping it so that water quality is maintained well in order to support P.polyuranodon Blkr life. The method used in this research is experiment by usingComplete Random Design (CRD), where the treatments were P0 = unfilteredresirculation, P1 = sponge filter resirculation, P2 = active charcoal filterresirculation and P3 = zeolite filter resirculation. The result of this research is P.polyuranodon Blkr enable to domesticated in control aquaculture system. Thebest treatment from this research is P3 with amonia range from 0,08 – 0,11 mg/L,nitrat range is between 0,07 – 0,11 mg/L and nitrite range between 0,07 – 0,09mg/L. The P3's treatment produce absolute growth of 9,24 g, the increase ofspecific growth 1,76%, the growth of biomass of 62,63 gr, the feeding efficiency28,06% and survival rate of 86,66%

Pembuatan Anoda Li4ti5o12 dan Studi Pengaruh Ketebalan Elektroda terhadap Performa Elektrokimia Baterai Ion Lithium

SYNTHESIS OF Li4Ti5O12 ANODE AND STUDY OF ELECTRODE THICKNESS EFFECT ON THE ELECTROCHEMICAL PERFORMANCE OF LITHIUM ION BATTERY. The synthesis of Li4Ti5O12 and the study of electrode thickness effect on the electrochemical performance of lithiumion batteries has been carried out. Li4Ti5O12 powders were synthesized from raw materials LiOH.H2O and TiO2 via powder metallurgy method. Electrode sheet was made by mixed Li4Ti5O12 powders with PVDF, AB and NN DMAC solvents become sluury and coated into sheet on the Cu foil with variations in the thickness of 50, 80, and 120 μm. The electrode sheet was assembled into half-cell battery using a coin cell with metallic lithium as reference electrode and LiFP6 as electrolyte. Characterization included X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) to know crystal structure and phases, while elctrochemical performances were conducted by Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscop (EIS), Cyclic Voltammetry (CV) and Charge/Discharge (CD). XRD test showed that there are two phases formed, namely Li4Ti5O12with cubic structure at 77.3%and rutile TiO2 with tetragonal crystal structure at 22.7%. EIS test showed that the highest conductivity of anode sheet is 3.66 x 10-5 S/cm at a thickness of 50 μm. While, CV results showed that thicker electrode sheet will increase intercalation and de-intercalation. From CD test showed that the layer thickness affects the value of the specific capacity, the thicker of electrode layer will decreases the value of specific capacity. The best capacity of battery cells are obtained in a layer thickness of 50 μm, with a charge capacity of 146.6 mAh/g and the discharge capacity of 146.09 mAh/g