Competing Motivations in Germany’s Higher Education Response to the “Refugee Crisis”

In 2015–16 Germany was confronted with over 1 million new refugees, which challenged public and private institutions alike and increasingly divided public sentiments. This article investigates the cultural, political, and economic dynamics as they were in Germany in 2015–16 and in particular how its higher education sector responded. The discussion covers a comprehensive review of media debates, public and private institutional research, new German- and English-language scholarship, and case studies the authors collected of fiffeen universities. The article ends with recommendations as German universities prepare for 30,000–50,000 refugees eligible for study in the coming years. En 2015-2016, l’Allemagne a fait face à plus de 1 million de nouveaux réfugiés, ce qui a remis en question les institutions publiques et privées et généré des sentiments de plus en plus divisés de la part du public. Cet article explore les dynamiques économiques, politiques et culturelles telles qu’elles se présentaient en Allemagne ces années-là, et en particulier la réaction de son enseignement supérieur. La discussion porte sur un examen exhaustif des débats médiatiques, de la recherche institutionnelle publique et privée, des nouvelles bourses d’études pour apprendre l’allemand ou l’anglais, et d’études de cas colligées par les auteurs dans 15 universités. L’article se termine sur des recommandations, alors que les universités allemandes se préparent à accueillir de 30 000 à 50 000 réfugiés admissibles aux études dans les années à venir.&nbsp

Measuring the Nation’s Economy: An Industry Perspective | A Primer on BEA’s Industry Accounts

This paper introduces new users to the basics of the U.S. industry economic accounts. It provides an overview of each of BEA’s industry accounts and how they may be used to answer a variety of questions about the U.S. economy, industry activity, and the flow of goods and services throughout the economy.

Theoretical Study of Structure and Reactions of Metalated Oximes and Oxime Ethers

The potential energy surfaces of acetaldoxime carbanion and its ion pairs formed with lithium and sodium cations ions have been explored with ab initio methods to model and study the regiochemistry of metalated oxime ethers. Planar structures of the carbanions produced by deprotonating acetaldoxime are minima on the potential energy surface. The syn-isomer is 2.6 Kcal/mole more stable than the anti. This difference is not a manifestation of cyclic conjugation but more likely is a result of electrostatic effects. Two chiral and almost isoenergetic minima have been located for the ion pairs formed by either of the isomeric carbanions with Li+ or Na+. The gegenion engages either in face coordination or bridges the NO-bond in a n2-fashion. In oxime ethers face coordination is expected to become dominant for steric reasons. LiC-contacts are surprisingly long in all of the ion pairs. Bonding to the metals in the ion pairs is predominantly ionic. Ion pair formation increases the syn preference energy compared to the free anions, and the syn preference energy is greater for Na+ than for Li+. Reactions with electrophiles via the syn-coordinated metal permits prior coordination and ion pair formation in the product

Experimental and theoretical study of the thermal decomposition of ethyl acetate during fast pyrolysis

The thermal decomposition of ethyl acetate was experimentally studied in a newly designed fast pyrolysis set-up. The results were compared to theoretical calculations and literature values in order to proof the experimental concept. The reaction was carried out in a free fall tubular reactor with a residence time of 0.15 s. The identification and quantification of products stream composition was performed online using a GC-TCD/FID. First, an overview of the reaction rate at feed volumes of 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mL was obtained at reaction temperature between 400 to 600 degrees C in intervals of 50 degrees C. As a result mass transfer limitation for feeds larger than 0.5 mL were identified. For the second approach, a constant feed volume of 0.25 mL and temperatures between 420 to 550 degrees C were investigated. Using the experimental results, a global kinetic model is proposed for the thermal decomposition of ethyl acetate into ethylene and acetic acid through a first order unimolecular reaction. Also, theoretical calculations were performed at wB97XD/6-311++G(d,p) level. A concerted mechanism through a six-membered transition state was identified in the reaction path. The theoretical and experimental activation energy values lie within the literature values between 193 and 213 kJ/mol. 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Institution of Chemical Engineers. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC -ND license (http://creativecommons.orgilicenseseby-nc-nd/450/)

Emerging Decolonialized Research Collaboration: The Max Planck Society and the Leibniz Association in Latin America

Analyzing the number of publications and proportion of corresponding authors of Latin American scholars and scholars from the German Max Planck Society (MPS) and the Leibniz Association (LA; 1954–2018), this article asks if North–South partnerships continue to represent power imbalances. Our bibliometric analysis indicates that (a) in comparison with the LA, the MPS’s scientists published more articles with Latin American countries, led by Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Mexico; (b) researchers from the MPS and the LA frequently took the role of corresponding author; (c) researchers from Brazil, Chile, Argentina, and Mexico primarily controlled their region’s productivity, but (d) Brazil built its own multinational research networks; and (e) countries with less productivity, such as Colombia and Uruguay, are on peripheries of research networks. Our findings indicate that the decolonial perspective needs further development to identify multipolar relationships of dominance and collaboration have developed out of a dichotomy world of North–South relations

Synthesis and corrosion inhibition evaluation of novel aminic nitrogen-bearing 1,2,4-triazole Schiff base compounds

Simple, effective, and high yield synthetic procedure for the synthesis of Schiff bases 5a-c is described. The scope of this reaction was investigated and noted that the presence of nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate gave the corresponding Schiff bases in excellent yields. The inhibition effects of N-((1-phenyl-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)methylene)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-amine (PTP), 5c, have been investigated against the corrosion of copper in 0.5 M HCl solution. The investigations were accomplished using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance measurements. Potentiodynamic polarization measurements indicated that the examined compound is mixed-type inhibitor. The results of electrochemical impedance indicated that the values of the charge transfer resistance and the inhibition efficiency tend to be increased by increasing the inhibitor concentration

Relative reactivities of alkenes toward the diphenylmethyl cation

The relative reactivities of alkyl and phenyl substituted alkenes toward diphenylmethyl chloride/ZnCl2/Et2O in dichloromethane at −78°C have been determined by competition experiments. The transition state structure is discussed

Análisis macrocinético de la infiltración química de vapor de capas de Si y Si/SiC en estructuras biomórficas de carbono

En este artículo se presenta el modelo matemático desarrollado para describir y predecir el proceso de in­filtración y deposición de capas de Si y Si/SiC a partir de los sistemas de precursores: metiltriclorosilano (MTS)/hidrógeno y Tetracloruro de Silicio/hidrógeno. Este modelo se basa en la cinética obtenida en el análisis experimental de la deposición sobre substratos no porosos, en el modelo geométrico desarrollado para describir la estructura porosa de las preformas de carbono y en el cálculo de Módulo de Thiele y del factor de infiltración a partir del balance de masa. Finalmente se comprobaron los resultados del modelo matemática comparando la homogeneidad de la infiltración en preformas de carbono con un microscopio SEM