Fra boktralle til veiledning : bibliotektjenester til studenter i norske fengsler

Temaet for oppgaven er hvordan norsk bibliotekvesen (folkebibliotek og fag- og forskningsbibliotek) kan gi studenter i fengsel et bedre tjenestetilbud enn de får i dag. Det teoretiske grunnlaget er hentet fra sentrale teoretikere på bibliotekarens rolle overfor studenter, på læringsteorier og på marginaliserte grupper i samfunnet. Empirien er basert på intervjuer med til sammen 21 respondenter fra fengselsbibliotek, universitets- og høgskolebibliotek, skoleavdelingen i fengselet og Kriminalomsorgen. Undersøkelsene viser stort forbedringspotensial i bibliotektilbudene, blant annet på aktørenes tverrfaglige samarbeid. Studenter i fengsel har et utilfredsstillende læringsmiljø og begrenset tilgang til bibliotekressurser.The subject of the thesis is how the Norwegian library system (public libraries and academic and research libraries) can give students in prison better services than today. The theoretical approach is drawn from key theorists in the librarians role towards students, on learning theories, and on marginalized groups in society. The empirical study is based on interviews with a total of 21 informants from prison libraries, university and college libraries, school departments in prisons and The Norwegian Correctional Services. The studies reveal a big potential for improvement in the library services and inter-disciplinary collaboration. Students in prison have an unsatisfactory learning environment and limited access to library resources.Master i bibliotek- og informasjonsvitenska

From juniors to seniors: changes in training characteristics and aerobic power in 17 world-class cross-country skiers

Purpose: To compare training characteristics and aerobic power (VO2max) between the most successful junior and senior seasons of world-class cross-country (XC) skiers and to identify differences between sexes and among sprint and distance skiers. Methods: Retrospective analysis was conducted on self-reported training and VO2max tests of ten male and seven female world-class XC-skiers, collectively holding 38 Olympic medals. Training was categorized by form (endurance, strength, speed, other) and mode (specific, unspecific) and was divided into low- (LIT), moderate- (MIT), and high-intensity training (HIT). Results: Total training increased by 203 ± 130 h (35% ± 31%, p < .001, large effect) and 78 ± 69 sessions (21% ± 24%, p < .001, very large effect). Junior training volume (658 ± 107 h) did not correlate with senior volume (861 ± 74 h) but correlated negatively with changes in volume (r = −.822, p < .001). No sex differences were observed related to total volume, but distance skiers increased their total volume more than sprint skiers (p = .037, large effect). Endurance training increased by 197 ± 117 h (p < .001; large effect) tied to increased low-intensity training (186 ± 115 h, p < .001; large effect) and moderate-intensity training (13 ± 7 h, p < .001; large effect). Training intensity distribution (% LIT/MIT/HIT) was 91/3/6 in junior and 92/4/4 in senior season. Women demonstrated greater increase of unspecific modes (100 ± 58 vs. 37 ± 44 h, p = .022; large effect) and strength training (25 ± 23 vs. −3 ± 17 h, p = .010, large effect). Men improved absolute (8% ± 5%; p = .009; large effect) and relative VO2max (6% ± 4%; p = .016; large effect) from junior to senior, while women only increased relative VO2max (7% ± 5%, p = .012; large effect). Conclusion: This study provides novel information regarding changes in training characteristics and aerobic power from junior to senior age in world-class XC-skiers. Overall, the enhanced training volume during this transition was primarily driven by increased LIT and MIT and the exceptionally high relative VO2max at junior age further increased in both sexes.publishedVersio

A walk-in clinic as an alternative approach to reaching non-attenders of the cervical cancer screening program in the North Denmark region-a pilot study

INTRODUCTION: Up to 39% of women in Denmark do not participate regularly in the cervical cancer screening program and initiatives to increase participation are called upon. The primary aim of this study was to describe previous screening history and characteristics of women attending screening in a walk‐in clinic. Furthermore, we wanted to investigate barriers to cervical cancer screening. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We designed a walk‐in clinic that was open 2 days a week from 16.00 to 19.00 h, located in the Departments of Gynecology in the two main hospitals of the North Denmark Region. The main purpose of the clinic was cervical cancer screening and the study period was 5 months. Women who were not eligible for screening or had other health complaints were referred to their general practitioner. The women included in the study, filled out a questionnaire regarding educational and occupational status; their screening history was registered using data from the Danish Pathology Register. RESULTS: During the study period, 255 women visited the walk‐in clinic. The final study population consisted of 249 women who met the inclusion criteria. Age range of participants was 23–77 years, with a median age of 45 years. The majority of the participants were currently employed (81%) or students (10%), the remaining being retired (5%) or unemployed (4%). Screening history showed that 138 (55.4%) of the women were on time for the screening or delayed less than 6 months compared to their recommended screening interval. Sixty‐one women (24.5%) were delayed >6 months but <2 years. Fifty women (20.1%) were classified as non‐attenders, with more than a 2‐year delay in their screening. In the group of non‐attenders, eight women had never been screened. Of the remaining 42 women, the median time since last screening was 8.2 years (range 5.0–25.3 years). CONCLUSIONS: Women attending the walk‐in clinic tended to be primarily actively working or students (91%). All age groups in the screening population were represented. Screening history showed that 44.6% had not followed the recommended screening program

Behavioural responses of wild anadromous Arctic char experimentally infested in situ with salmon lice

Salmon lice can impact the marine behaviour, growth, and survival of salmonids, but little is known about their effects on Arctic char. We present behavioural responses from the first dose-response experiment with wild anadromous Arctic char (n = 50) infested in situ with salmon lice (0.0–1.2 lice g−1 fish) in an area with low natural infestations. Infested fish spent less time at sea (mean ± SD = 22 ± 6 d) than non-infested fish (mean ± SD = 33 ± 5 d), and a significant dose response was evident, with even very low louse burdens (−1 fish) reducing the marine feeding time. Furthermore, a negative correlation was present between time spent close to their native watercourse and parasite burden, suggesting that salmon lice influence the marine habitat use of Arctic char. No impact of salmon lice was evident on the return probability, i.e. marine survival. However, the presence of louse-induced mortality cannot be excluded as the modest sample size was only sufficient to detect extreme effects. Reduced marine feeding time and altered marine habitat use will likely have substantial negative effects on growth and fitness, suggesting that impacts of salmon lice must be considered in the conservation of anadromous Arctic char

Behavioural responses of wild anadromous Arctic char experimentally infested in situ with salmon lice

Salmon lice can impact the marine behaviour, growth, and survival of salmonids, but little is known about their effects on Arctic char. We present behavioural responses from the first dose-response experiment with wild anadromous Arctic char (n = 50) infested in situ with salmon lice (0.0–1.2 lice g−1 fish) in an area with low natural infestations. Infested fish spent less time at sea (mean ± SD = 22 ± 6 d) than non-infested fish (mean ±SD = 33 ± 5 d), and a significant dose response was evident, with even very low louse burdens (<0.05 lice g−1 fish) reducing the marine feeding time. Furthermore, a negative correlation was present between time spent close to their native watercourse and parasite burden, suggesting that salmon lice influence the marine habitat use of Arctic char. No impact of salmon lice was evident on the return probability, i.e. marine survival. However, the presence of louse-induced mortality cannot be excluded as the modest sample size was only sufficient to detect extreme effects. Reduced marine feeding time and altered marine habitat use will likely have substantial negative effects on growth and fitness, suggesting that impacts of salmon lice must be considered in the conservation of anadromous Arctic char.publishedVersio

Sea trout Salmo trutta in the subarctic: home-bound but large variation in migratory behaviour between and within populations

publishedVersio