ITMA 2015: Déjà vu or important innovations in integration of spinning and knitting processes?

ITMA 2015 je bila velika in uspešna razstava tekstilne strojegradnje. Po številu razstavljavcev in obiskovalcev je presegla razstavo iz leta 2011. Ključna beseda zadnje izdaje sejma je bila trajnost, povezana s tekstilijami in procesi njihove izdelave. Ta izraz so v svojih konceptih in izvedenih strojnih rešitvah poskušali nazorno prikazati skoraj vsi razstavljavci. Ocenimo lahko, da ekološka ozaveščenost dobro sovpada s hibridnim konceptom predilno-pletilnih strojev, ki so jih na razstavi ITMA 2015 znova prikazali nemški podjetji Mayer & Cie. in Terrot ter tajvanski Pai Lung. Gre za izpopolnjene rešitve na razstavi ITMA 2011 prikazanih hibridnih strojev prve generacije. Hibridni proces omogoča izločitev dragih in energetsko zahtevnih procesov predenja in križ nega previjanja in čiščenja preje. Izdelana pletiva imajo v primerjavi z navadnimi bolj gladko površino in zaradi mehkeje vitih curkovnih prej bistveno mehkejši otip. Primerna so za izdelavo finih, kakovostnih vrhnjih oblačil, perila, majic, otroških oblačil in pižam.ITMA 2015 was a large and successful exhibition of textile machinery. Considering the number of exhibitors and visitors, ITMA 2015 has exceeded the exhibition held in Barcelona in the year 2011. The keyword of the latest edition of the fair was sustainability associated with textiles and textile manufacturing processes. The majority of exhibitors tried to implement this term in their concepts and machinery solutions. Ecological awareness was highly correlated with a hybrid concept of combined spinning-knitting machines. These hybrid machines were again presented by German producers Mayer & Cie. and Terrot as well as by Taiwanese Pai Lung. In comparison with the machines shown at ITMA 2011 the second generation of hybrid machines seems to be more sophisticated, refined and reliable. The hybrid process allows the elimination of costly and energy demanding spinning and winding processes. The new knitted fabrics, in comparison with the conventional ones, have a smoother surface. Due to softer yarns, the fabrics also have significantly softer touch. They are suitable for the production of fine, high-quality garments, underwear, T-shirts, children’s clothes and pyjamas

Employing visualisation techniques and tools for educational purposes in textile studies

Modern textile and clothing manufacturers can today use the entire range of conventional CAD/CAM systems together with new computer graphics and Internet-based technologies in order to strengthen their position on the market, building a completely new electronic-business offer. Graphical presentation of textile products and processing, or visualisation, presents a promising technology that can be treated as a potential enrichment of conventional computer aided technologies used today by the majority of advanced producers of textile fabrics, clothing, and other textile products. The article presents the results of research on designing computer software for visualising the fabric dyeing process. The program package produced enables the effective visualisation of two fabric dyeing processes: a Pad-Batch machine line for dyeing flat textiles in open-width state, and an HT overflow dyeing machine for fabric dyeing in rope form. Graphical applications of both dyeing processes can be used for both industrial and educational purposes. In this article, we focus more on presenting the program structure and functionalities for using the software to support the education of textile students

The effect of pretreatment on the environment and dyeing properties of a selected cotton knitted fabric

The current preparation of cotton knitted fabric prior to dyeing mainly involves a combined process consisting of scouring and peroxide bleaching. In this research two pre-treatment procedures, i.e. combined alkaline scouring/bleaching and enzymatic scouring/bleaching, were compared and their effects evaluated regarding environmental impact, whiteness and dyeing properties. Different pre-treated samples of cotton knitted fabrics were subsequently dyed with a chosen set of bifunctional reactive Cibacron LS dyes.The results obtained indicate that combined pre-treatment by enzymatic scouring/bleaching can be regarded as a good alternative to alkaline scouring/bleaching since it results in lower pollution of waste-water, lower SAK value after dyeing, washing and soaping, and consequently lower hydrolysation of dyestuff. Furthermore, added advantages are that it produces similar whiteness, similar dye exhaustion and, with the exception of black dyestuff, comparable dyeing results

3D virtual prototyping of a ski jumpsuit based on a reconstructed body scan model

3D virtual prototyping become a topic of increasing interest of both computer graphics and computer-aided design for apparel production. These technologies are especially important when a garment prototype should be developed for a special purpose, such as ski-jumper suit. Namely, shape and size of a jumpsuit need to be individually adapted to each ski-jumper according to the exact requirements set by FIS (Fédereation Internationale de Ski). The FIS requirements change annually or even more often in order to assure ski-jumpers\u27 safety during competitive ski jumps. The conventional body measurement technique and development of ski-jumpers pattern are time consuming. In order to develop an accurate and rapid design, as well as an adaptable and quickly changeable jumpsuit, different modern technologies were used. The obtained virtual prototypes of a skijumper and a jumpsuit enable both - fast re-modelling according to FIS rules and expeditious development and/or simulations of a jumpsuit. All these measures are taken to improve the aerodynamic design of a suit and jumper\u27s result. The body scanning technology represents a great potential for textile industries and above all for producers of garments. It enables fast and reliable capture of 3D body data and extraction of precise measurements needed for design, construction, visualisation and animation of garments on virtual mannequins. However, there are also some problems related to the scanned body models, caused by the scanning technique. In this article we are discussing the techniques for reconstruction of the body models and its results using the example from one of the competitive sports clothing - ski-jumper suit. In our study we have used different computer graphics programmes in order to reconstruct and prepare the 3D body scan model for successfully importing it into OptiTex CAD programme. The aim of this research was to enable effective 3D virtual garment prototyping using the reconstructed body scan model

Influence analysis of test speed on technical filament yarns behaviour in tensile test

V prispevku sta predstavljena dva različna načina nateznega preizkušanja linijskih tekstilij: natezno preizkušanje pri standardnih pogojih preizkušanja s standardnim dinamometrom in natezno preizkušanje pri ve- likih hitrostih. Raziskovali smo obnašanje treh tipov tehničnih filamentnih prej: dveh poliamidnih (PA 6.6 in PA 4.6) in polietilenteraftalatnega (PET) multifilamenta visokih trdnosti. Na podlagi rezultatov raziskave sklepamo, da deformacijska hitrost ($dot{epsilon}$) pri vseh treh preizkuševalnih prejah vpliva na natezne lastnosti materiala. To pomeni, da se mehanskih lastnosti in nateznega obnašanja prej pri velikih hitrostih obremenitve ne da pojasnjevati zgolj s podatki, dobljenimi pri standardnih pogojih preizkušanja, temveč je treba uvesti ustrezno metodo z višjimi hitrostmi preizkušanja.Two different ways of tensile testing of liner textiles, namely the tensile testing under standard conditions with a standard dynamometer and high-speed tensile testing are presented in the article. Within this research, we studied the behaviour of three types of high-tenacity multifilament technical filament yarns, i.e. two polyamide yarns (PA 6.6 and PA 4.6) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Based on the results of the research, we can conclude that the strain rate ($dot{epsilon}$) in all three tested yarns affected the material tensile properties. This means that the mechanical properties and tensile behaviour of technical yarns cannot be explained only with the data obtained under standard test conditions. For better understanding of the behaviour of technical yarns, it is necessary to introduce an appropriate method with high-speed testin

Evaluation of fitting virtual 3D skirt prototypes to body

Cilj raziskave, izvedene v okviru magistrske naloge, je bil razviti in analizirati uspešnost procesa 3D prototipov kril, izdelanih s sodobnimi računalniškimi tehnologijami, in ga primerjati s klasičnim procesom prototipiranja. V ta namen smo najprej izvedli proces konvencionalnega razvoja prototipa šestih kril, ki je vseboval naslednje faze: konstrukcija in modeliranje krila, krojenje, fiksiranjetemu sledita fazi šivanja in likanja. Na koncu je bilo izvedeno pomerjanje in ocenjevanje prileganja realnemu manekenu. Na drugi strani so bili enaki računalniško modelirani krojni deli kril uporabljeni pri računalniškem razvoju prototipov, kjer je celoten razvoj prototipa potekal v virtualnem okolju, pri tem pa sta bila uporabljena dva virtualna modela telesa: (a) skenirano in (b) parametrično. Izdelava prototipov je za oba modela potekala v enakih fazah: tridimenzionalno zajemanje telesnih mer, priprava modela telesa, priprava podatkov za računalniški zapis lastnosti tekstilij, definiranje šivov in položajev krojnih delov ter simulacija prileganja oblačila telesu. Temu je sledilo ocenjevanje prileganja kril telesu. Postavljen je bil postopek ocenjevanja prileganja prototipov kril. Na koncu je bila izvedena primerjava prileganja oblačila telesu med konvencionalnim in računalniško podprtim prototipiranjem kril. Raziskava kaže, da je za uspešno virtualno prototipiranje kril potrebno dobro poznavanje parametrov tekstilij, ki se določijo posameznim krojnim delom oblačila, ter ustrezna izbira virtualnih teles, da se čim bolj približamo želenemu videzu virtualnih prototipov oblačil.The aim of the research conducted within the frame of a master thesis was to develop and analyse the applicability of the 3D garment prototyping process, and to compare it with the conventional prototyping process. Therefore, the conventional prototype development process was carried out first. We developed six styles of skirts using the following conventional prototype development phases: construction and modelling, cutting, fusing, sewing and ironing. Finally, the assessment of how the skirts fit to a real body was performed. The computer-modelled skirt patterns were used for the computer-based prototyping process in a virtual environment. We used two different virtual body models, i.e. a parametric and a scanned female body model. The prototyping processes comprehended the same phases for each model: a 3D capture of body dimensions and shape of a body, model building, a preparation of the data related to the properties of textile fabrics, a definition of stitches and location of patterns on a body and finally, a simulation of skirts on a body. Next, we defined the method for assessing the fit of real and virtual skirts to various body models. At the end, the assessment of how virtual skirts fit to virtual body models was performed and a comparison between the conventional and virtual skirt prototyping process was performed. The results obtained with this research indicate that the virtual prototyping process requires an introduction of precise parameters of textile fabrics used for the production of garments. Furthermore, appropriately scanned or parametric virtual body models should be used for assuring realistic simulations of virtual garments

Compact spinning for improved quality of ring-spun yarns

A new impulse in the field of ring spinning technology is offered by compact-condensed spinning. The article presents the comparison of two chosen spinning systems for the production of compact yarns. We have analysed and compared the physical, mechanical and morphological properties of conventional and compact yarns, spun at the same technological and kinematical parameters from the same cotton, cotton/PES and cotton/viscose roving. The construction specificities of the Suessen and Zinser compact ring spinning frames, on which the comparative spinning was performed, are described within this work. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of differences in compacting systems on yarn quality, and to compare the compact and conventional yarns produced

Adaptive Modeling of Prediction of Telecommunications Network Throughput Performances in the Domain of Motorway Coverage

The main goal of this paper is to create an adaptive model based on multilayer perceptron (MLP) for prediction of average downlink (DL) data throughput per user and average DL data throughput per cell within an LTE network technology and in a geo-space that includes a segment of the Motorway 9th January with the access roads. The accuracy of model prediction is estimated based on relative error (RE). With multiple trainings and testing of 30 different variants of the MLP model, with different metaparameters the final model was chosen whose average accuracy for the Cell Downlink Average Throughput variable is 89.6% (RE = 0.104), while for the Average User Downlink Throughput variable the average accuracy is 88% (RE = 0.120). If the coefficient of determination is observed, the results showed that the accuracy of the best selected prediction model for the first variable is 1.4% higher than the accuracy of the prediction of the selected model for the second dependent variable. In addition, the results showed that the performance of the MLP model expressed over R2 was significantly better compared to the reference multiple linear regression (MLR) model used

Analysis of the possibility of implementing photovoltaic systems as an auxiliary energy source in the power supply of electric vehicles intended for urban areas

The paper analyzes the possibilities of implementing a photovoltaic system as an additional energy source in electric vehicles. Electric vehicles have the ability to charge batteries via the power grid. A significant number of vehicles in urban areas serve as a daily means of transportation to go to work. Most of the time, vehicles are parked, which opens up opportunities for the use of solar radiation energy through conversion into electricity, and the use of that energy to recharge the built-in batteries and thus increase the range of movement of vehicles