12,929 research outputs found
The Closest Look at 1H0707-495: X-ray Reverberation Lags with 1.3 Ms of Data
Reverberation lags in AGN were first discovered in the NLS1 galaxy,
1H0707-495. We present a follow-up analysis using 1.3 Ms of data, which allows
for the closest ever look at the reverberation signature of this remarkable
source. We confirm previous findings of a hard lag of ~100 seconds at
frequencies v ~ [0.5 - 4] e-4 Hz, and a soft lag of ~30 seconds at higher
frequencies, v ~ [0.6 - 3] e-3 Hz. These two frequency domains clearly show
different energy dependences in their lag spectra. We also find evidence for a
signature from the broad Fe K line in the high frequency lag spectrum. We use
Monte Carlo simulations to show how the lag and coherence measurements respond
to the addition of Poisson noise and to dilution by other components. With our
better understanding of these effects on the lag, we show that the lag-energy
spectra can be modelled with a scenario in which low frequency hard lags are
produced by a compact corona responding to accretion rate fluctuations
propagating through an optically thick accretion disc, and the high frequency
soft lags are produced by short light-travel delay associated with reflection
of coronal power-law photons off the disc.Comment: 11 pages, 10 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRA
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli.
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC), an increasingly recognized cause of diarrhea in children in developing countries, has been particularly associated with persistent diarrhea (more than 14 days), a major cause of illness and death. Recent outbreaks implicate EAEC as a cause of foodborne illness in industrialized countries. The pathogenesis of EAEC infection is not well understood, but a model can be proposed in which EAEC adhere to the intestinal mucosa and elaborate enterotoxins and cytotoxins, which result in secretory diarrhea and mucosal damage. EAEC's ability to stimulate the release of inflammatory mediators may also play a role in intestinal illness
Development of a methodology for studying tunnel climate in long railway tunnels and for optimizing the design process of cross-passage cooling systems
When it comes into operation in 2026, the Koralmtunnel in Austria will be the world́s seventh longest railway
tunnel. The installation of the power supply, telecommunications and electro-mechanical services is currently
ongoing. Parts of these systems have to be protected from temperature and humidity variations and from the high
dust loads which are characteristic of the tunnel atmosphere. In particular, cooling systems are required to
counteract the significant amounts of heat released by some installations. Information on a large number of
parameters (e.g. tunnel air temperatures) is required in the design process. However, such information is only
partly available in the design stage. Hence, a prediction of tunnel air temperatures has to be made. Additionally,
since hardly any information about the tunnel climate in long railway tunnels is available and in-situ mea-
surements are not possible, as thermal conditions differ significantly between the construction/equipping phase
and the operation phase, a novel methodology for the prediction of the tunnel climate had to be developed. This
article presents a description of a new method comprising four main investigative steps and of its application to
the Koralmtunnel as a selected case study. While steps 1 and 2 provide information about the actual cooling
requirement and tunnel air temperatures for a period of 50 years, steps three and four of the investigation aim at
the technical and economic optimization of cooling systems
Categorification of persistent homology
We redevelop persistent homology (topological persistence) from a categorical
point of view. The main objects of study are diagrams, indexed by the poset of
real numbers, in some target category. The set of such diagrams has an
interleaving distance, which we show generalizes the previously-studied
bottleneck distance. To illustrate the utility of this approach, we greatly
generalize previous stability results for persistence, extended persistence,
and kernel, image and cokernel persistence. We give a natural construction of a
category of interleavings of these diagrams, and show that if the target
category is abelian, so is this category of interleavings.Comment: 27 pages, v3: minor changes, to appear in Discrete & Computational
Geometr
The impact of climate change on household food security in the Bongo District of the Upper East Region of Ghana
The study determined the impact of climate change on household food security, investigated awareness level and identified coping strategies used to mitigate negative impact of climate change in the Bongo District with emphasis on women. It was a cross-sectional survey conducted in four purposively selected farming communities in the District in the Upper East Region of Ghana. A sample size of 246 women participated in the study. Using a structured questionnaire, data were collected on socio-demographic characteristics of the participants, awareness of climate change, food consumption patterns, coping strategies and household food security. Data on rainfall and temperature for the past 30 years period in the District were obtained from the Ghana Meteorological Service. Crop yields data over a period of 21 years in the District was also obtained from the Ministry of Food and Agriculture (MOFA). The results revealed that rainfall in the Bongo District has been decreasing at - 0.3 mm per annum and maximum temperature has been increasing at 0.005 °C. More than half (62.6%) of the participants were aware of climate change in their communities. Majority (89.4%) of the participants reduced the quality and quantity of diets as coping strategy method during food shortage periods and almost all (97.2%) of the households were food insecure. Participants who reported to have observed decrease in rainfall were more likely to be food insecure (OR = 3.96; CI = 0.56 – 27.81). Participants were aware of climate change and employed reduction in the quality and quantity of diet as coping mechanism. Almost all households were food insecure. There is the need to intensify climate resistant agriculture technology such as irrigation methods to offset the negative impact of climate change on food security in the District.
Magnon dispersion and thermodynamics in CsNiF_3
We present an accurate transfer matrix renormalization group calculation of
the thermodynamics in a quantum spin-1 planar ferromagnetic chain. We also
calculate the field dependence of the magnon gap and confirm the accuracy of
the magnon dispersion derived earlier through an 1/n expansion. We are thus
able to examine the validity of a number of previous calculations and further
analyze a wide range of experiments on CsNiF_3 concerning the magnon
dispersion, magnetization, susceptibility, and specific heat. Although it is
not possible to account for all data with a single set of parameters, the
overall qualitative agreement is good and the remaining discrepancies may
reflect departure from ideal quasi-one-dimensional model behavior. Finally, we
present some indirect evidence to the effect that the popular interpretation of
the excess specific heat in terms of sine-Gordon solitons may not be
appropriate.Comment: 9 pages 10 figure
"Exhaustion" Physics in the Periodic Anderson Model using Iterated Perturbation Theory
We discuss the "exhaustion" problem in the context of the Periodic Anderson
Model using Iterated Perturbation Theory(IPT) within the Dynamical Mean Field
Theory. We find that, despite its limitations, IPT captures the exhaustion
physics, which manifests itself as a dramatic, strongly energy dependent
suppression of the effective Anderson impurity problem. As a consequence, low
energy scales in the lattice case are strongly suppressed compared to the
"Kondo scale" in the single-impurity picture. The IPT results are in
qualitative agreement with recent Quantum Monte Carlo results for the same
problem.Comment: 13 preprint pages including 1 table and 4 eps figures, replaced by
revised version, accepted for publication in Europhysics Letters, added
references and conten
Employing linked data and dialogue for modelling cultural awareness of a user
YesIntercultural competence is an essential 21st Century skill. A key issue for developers of cross-cultural training simulators is the need to provide relevant learning experience adapted to the learner’s abilities. This paper presents a dialogic approach for a quick assessment of the depth of a learner's current intercultural awareness as part of the EU ImREAL project. To support the dialogue, Linked Data is seen as a rich knowledge base for a diverse range of resources on cultural aspects. This paper investigates how semantic technologies could be used to: (a) extract a pool of concrete culturally-relevant facts from DBpedia that can be linked to various cultural groups and to the learner, (b) model a learner's knowledge on a selected set of cultural themes and (c) provide a novel, adaptive and user-friendly, user modelling dialogue for cultural awareness. The usability and usefulness of the approach is evaluated by CrowdFlower and Expert Inspection
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