48 research outputs found
Sâhybrider sous le 4e paradigme de la âscience dirigĂ©e par les donnĂ©es massivesâ : lâouverture des donnĂ©es favorise-t-elle lâinterdisciplinaritĂ© et la transdisciplinaritĂ©Â ?
Nous avons encore peu de recul sur la maniĂšre dont les communautĂ©s productrices de matĂ©riaux de recherche se saisissent des enjeux de lâouverture des donnĂ©es dans le contexte actuel du Big Data et de la Science Ouverte, dĂ©peint par Jim Gray comme lâĂšre du nouveau paradigme de la âScience dirigĂ©e par les donnĂ©es massivesâ (Hey, 2009). En particulier, lorsque ces communautĂ©s rassemblent diffĂ©rentes cultures Ă©pistĂ©miques, impliquant une pluralitĂ© de rapports Ă la donnĂ©e. En prenant appui sur lâexpĂ©rience dâun programme de recherche sur les relations en agriculture et littoral en Bretagne (Parchemins, 2016-2020), nous dĂ©crivons comment une Ă©quipe de 10 chercheurs et ingĂ©nieurs issus dâhorizons divers (agronomie, sciences et techniques de lâinformation, anthropologie et Ă©tudes sociales des sciences) a intĂ©grĂ© cet objectif en lien avec son ambition interdisciplinaire et transdisciplinaire, et a co-construit un systĂšme dâinformation modulaire et interopĂ©rable pour y rĂ©pondre. Dans quelles mesures lâobjectif de mise en partage des matĂ©riaux de recherche Ă un niveau Ă la fois interne et ouvert, favorise-t-il lâhybridation des approches scientifiques et lâouverture de la science vers la sociĂ©tĂ©Â ? La description fine de l'instrumentation technique et numĂ©rique du partage des matĂ©riaux de recherche nous permet de mettre en lumiĂšre et de discuter une partie de ces formes dâhybridation.We still have little knowledge on how communities producing research materials grasp the challenges of opening data in the current context of Big Data and Open Science, pictured by Jim Gray as the era of a new Scientific Paradigm : the âData-intensive Scienceâ (Hey, 2009). In particular, when these communities gather different epistemic cultures, involving a plurality of relationships to data. Based on the experience of a research program on agricultural and coastal relations in Brittany (Parchemins, 2016-2020), we describe how a team of 10 researchers and engineers from various backgrounds (agronomy, information and technology sciences, anthropology and science and technology studies) has integrated this objective in line with its interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary ambition, and has co-constructed a modular and interoperable information system in this regard. To what extent does the objective of sharing research materials at both an internal and open level promote the hybridization of scientific approaches and the opening of science to society? The fine description of the technical and digital instrumentation of sharing research materials allows us to highlight and discuss some of these forms of hybridization.TodavĂa tenemos poca perspectiva sobre la forma en que las comunidades que producen materiales de investigaciĂłn comprenden los desafĂos de los datos abiertos en el contexto actual de Big Data y Open Science, retratado por Jim Gray como la era de lo nuevo. paradigma de la âciencia intensiva en datosâ (Hey, 2009). En particular, cuando estas comunidades reĂșnen diferentes culturas epistĂ©micas, implica una pluralidad de relaciones con los datos. BasĂĄndonos en la experiencia de un programa de investigaciĂłn sobre relaciones agrĂcolas y costeras en Bretaña (Parchemins, 2016-2020), describimos cĂłmo un equipo de 10 investigadores e ingenieros de diversos orĂgenes (agronomĂa, ciencia y tecnologĂa de la informaciĂłn, antropologĂa y estudio social de la ciencia) ha integrado este objetivo en lĂnea con su ambiciĂłn interdisciplinar y transdisciplinar, y ha co-construido un sistema de informaciĂłn modular e interoperable para cumplirlo. ÂżEn quĂ© medida el objetivo de compartir materiales de investigaciĂłn tanto a nivel interno como abierto promueve la hibridaciĂłn de enfoques cientĂficos y la apertura de la ciencia a la sociedad? La descripciĂłn detallada de la instrumentaciĂłn tĂ©cnica y digital del intercambio de materiales de investigaciĂłn nos permite resaltar y discutir algunas de estas formas de hibridaciĂłn
A plot drainage network as a conceptual tool for the spatial representation of surface flow pathways in agricultural catchments
International audienceThe drainage network must take the farming systems and the landscape structure into consideration to describe flow pathways in the agricultural catchment. A new approach is proposed to build the drainage network which is based on the identification of the inlets and outlets for surface water flow on each farmers' field (or plot), estimating the relative areas contributing to the surface yield. The delineation of these areas and their links in terms of surface flow pathways provides us with a pattern of relationships between individual plots, i.e. going from each plot to the other plots over the entire catchment. In this approach, flow directions are firstly calculated in the usual way by taking account of slope direction. Plot outlets are defined from the DEM then linked together using a tree structure. If present, linear networks such as hedges modify both the flow directions and the location of plot outlets, hence modify this tree structure. In a final step, the plots are themselves linked together using a graph structure illustrated by an arrow diagram. This drainage network based on plot outlets is applied to a 15-kmÂČ catchment area represented by 38,300 pixels and 2,000 plots. This new drainage network takes into consideration 5,300 plot outlets, which greatly reduces the number of objects in comparison with a drainage network made up of pixels or DEM cells. This method leads to a simple and functional representation of surface flow pathways in an agricultural catchment. It allows us to identify the key plots controlling stream water pollution where converging flow pathways are coming from numerous or large-sized plots. Finally it produces a functional representation for decision support
Influence de lâhydromorphie sur la variabilitĂ© des stocks de carbone Ă lâĂ©chelle de versants dans une hĂȘtraie (forĂȘt de FougĂšres â Ouest de la France)
Online watershed boundary delineation: sharing models through Spatial Data Infrastructures
The proposal in this paper is to make accessible the hydrology analysis tools that were developed by our research team in the past years through an interoperable Spatial Data Infrastructure. To this aim we chose to develop add-ons for the geOrchestra OGC-compliant platform. Such add-ons trigger algorithms and retrieve their output in real time through OGC standard WPS. We then introduce a watershed WPS add-on and its functioning modes. In so doing we exemplify the fact that the use of OGC standards make it straightforward (and transparent to the user operating a common web browser) to remotely trigger a process on a distant server, then apply it to distant data present on a remote cartographic server, and drop the outcome onto a third-party cartographic server while visualizing it all on a browser
Playing â OGC SensorThings API Part 1 : Sensing â with several French research organizations and one research infrastructure
International audienceOne of the major goals of the European Long-Term Ecological Research (eLTER) and the up-coming eLTER Research Infrastructure (eLTER RI) is to provide reliable and quality-controlled long-term data for scientiïŹc analysis as well as the assessment of environmental policy impacts. For this purpose, eLTER has designed, implemented and operates a federated data infrastruc-ture called the eLTER Information System. This e-infrastructure oïŹers data stored in existing partner data systems, harmonised by a central discovery portal and federated data access com-ponents providing a common information management infrastructure for making environmental data available from distributed resources provided by the contributing LTER national networks. Designing, building and optimising such a pan-European environmental data infrastructure is a lengthy and complex process that is based on a set of criteria deïŹned by user needs, share-holder requirements and general service and technology best practises. To further improve and extend the eLTER Information System, user needs have recently been collected by (a) targeted interviews with selected stakeholders to identify the scope and background of the data and ICT requirements, (b) workshops mapping user requirements based on personas derived from the interviews, and (c) analysis work on extracting so-called user stories. The requirements collec-tions are used to derive functional (i.e. the behaviour of essential features of the system) and non-functional (i.e. the general characteristics of the system) requirements for the IT infrastruc-ture and services. These collected requirements revolve around the development of workïŹows for the ingestion, curation and publication of data objects including the creation, harvesting, discovery and visualisation of metadata as well as providing means to support the analysis of these datasets and communicating study results.This presentation will provide an overview of the current stage of the data infrastructure as well as its major components, provide an outlook for future developments and discuss the technical and scientiïŹc challenges of building the eLTER Information System
Playing â OGC SensorThings API Part 1 : Sensing â with several French research organizations and one research infrastructure
International audienceOne of the major goals of the European Long-Term Ecological Research (eLTER) and the up-coming eLTER Research Infrastructure (eLTER RI) is to provide reliable and quality-controlled long-term data for scientiïŹc analysis as well as the assessment of environmental policy impacts. For this purpose, eLTER has designed, implemented and operates a federated data infrastruc-ture called the eLTER Information System. This e-infrastructure oïŹers data stored in existing partner data systems, harmonised by a central discovery portal and federated data access com-ponents providing a common information management infrastructure for making environmental data available from distributed resources provided by the contributing LTER national networks. Designing, building and optimising such a pan-European environmental data infrastructure is a lengthy and complex process that is based on a set of criteria deïŹned by user needs, share-holder requirements and general service and technology best practises. To further improve and extend the eLTER Information System, user needs have recently been collected by (a) targeted interviews with selected stakeholders to identify the scope and background of the data and ICT requirements, (b) workshops mapping user requirements based on personas derived from the interviews, and (c) analysis work on extracting so-called user stories. The requirements collec-tions are used to derive functional (i.e. the behaviour of essential features of the system) and non-functional (i.e. the general characteristics of the system) requirements for the IT infrastruc-ture and services. These collected requirements revolve around the development of workïŹows for the ingestion, curation and publication of data objects including the creation, harvesting, discovery and visualisation of metadata as well as providing means to support the analysis of these datasets and communicating study results.This presentation will provide an overview of the current stage of the data infrastructure as well as its major components, provide an outlook for future developments and discuss the technical and scientiïŹc challenges of building the eLTER Information System
An end-user-friendly hydrological Web Service for hydrograph prediction in ungauged basins
Rapport final Ă la convention 2010 « mise en place de la base de donnĂ©es dâanalyses de terre ».
L'ouverture des matĂ©riaux de recherche ethnographiques en question.: Rapport d'enquĂȘte du projet "Partage et protection des donnĂ©es qualitatives Ă lâĂšre du numĂ©rique : expĂ©riences, enjeux, stratĂ©gies"
The Open Research Data movement constitutes an epistemological, legal, ethical and technical challenge for humanities and social sciences. It manifests itself in multiple norms and injunctions vis-Ă -vis research communities, which struggle to comply with them and to seize the instruments made available to them. PARDOQ project aims to make the complex implications of this movement intelligible for communities working with qualitative (ethnographic) data, through the analysis of the experience of researchers confronted with the tension between sharing and protecting ethnographic records, based on a case study (the interdisciplinary research program Parchemins) and on a survey on researchers practicing ethnography and members of scientific, technical and legal networks supporting research.Le mouvement dâouverture des donnĂ©es scientifiques constitue, pour les sciences humaines et sociales (SHS), un dĂ©fi Ă la fois Ă©pistĂ©mologique, juridique, Ă©thique et technique. Il se manifeste par des normes et injonctions multiples vis-Ă -vis des communautĂ©s de recherche, qui peinent Ă sây conformer et Ă se saisir des instruments mis Ă leur disposition. Le projet PARDOQ vise Ă rendre intelligibles les implications complexes de ce mouvement pour les communautĂ©s travaillant Ă partir de donnĂ©es qualitatives (ethnographiques), Ă travers lâanalyse de lâexpĂ©rience de chercheuses et chercheurs confrontĂ©.e.s Ă la tension entre partage et protection des donnĂ©es ethnographiques, en prenant appui dâune part sur une Ă©tude de cas (le programme de recherche interdisciplinaire Parchemins) et dâautre part sur une enquĂȘte auprĂšs de chercheurs.euses pratiquant lâethnographie et de membres de rĂ©seaux scientifiques, techniques et juridiques dâappui et Ă la recherche
Websol : une plateforme Internet de diffusion des données pédologiques
sur les sols (RRP1 notamment) auprĂšs des nombreux utilisateurs potentiels rĂ©gionaux (techniciens, conseillers, administrations, etc.) et territoriaux (collectivitĂ©s, contrats de riviĂšres, etc.), ainsi que, pour partie de ces donnĂ©es, auprĂšs du grand public. Cette interface est maintenant finalisĂ©e dans sa premiĂšre version2 dans le cadre du projet CASDAR3 2007-2010. La plateforme a pour vocation la valorisation aussi bien des donnĂ©es pĂ©dologiques que des applications rĂ©alisĂ©es Ă partir de ces donnĂ©es. Le dĂ©veloppement de nouveaux modules Ă©largira encore le champ des valorisations. Pour aider Ă son implantation chez les partenaires impliquĂ©s dans le programme IGCS4, et veiller Ă son Ă©volution en la dotant de nouvelles fonctionnalitĂ©s, la plateforme Websol est mise Ă disposition (droits de propriĂ©tĂ© et codes sources) du RMT « Sols et Territoires » 5. Lâaxe 5 de ce RMT se fixe pour objectifs dâappuyer les dĂ©ploiements de la plateforme dans les rĂ©gions candidates, de rĂ©aliser des supports et des manuels relatifs Ă lâapplication, de proposer des Ă©volutions possibles de la plateforme et enfin de clarifier son positionnement juridique par rapport Ă la Directive INSPIRE