9,160 research outputs found
Ceramic-coated boat is chemically inert, provides good heat transfer
Refractory metal foil sprayed with ceramic coating serves as evaporating boat for inorganic materials. The high thermal conductivity of this boat makes it useful with ohmic heaters
Thin-film gage measures low heat-transfer rates
Low heat-transfer gage facilitates determination of the transition between laminar and turbulent conditions, in the boundary layer surrounding slender and moderately slender cones under test in a hypersonic blowdown helium tunnel. The gage consists of a thin layer of vacuum-evaporated platinum on a heat resistant glass substrate contoured to fit model surfaces
Exposure interlock for oscilloscope cameras
An exposure interlock has been developed for oscilloscope cameras which cuts off ambient light from the oscilloscope screen before the shutter of the camera is tripped. A flap is provided which may be selectively positioned to an open position which enables viewing of the oscilloscope screen and a closed position which cuts off the oscilloscope screen from view and simultaneously cuts off ambient light from the oscilloscope screen. A mechanical interlock is provided between the flap to be activated to its closed position before the camera shutter is tripped, thereby preventing overexposure of the film
Hyperbola-generator for location of aperiodic events
Plotting device, when used in conjunction with three or more detectors and local receiver and recorder, can quickly pinpoint location of any aperiodic event. Operation requires minimal training and is readily adapted to the field. Mechanical error in device prototype is less than or equal to 3 percent
Simulator model specification for the augmentor wing jet STOL research aircraft
The configuration and simulation studies of a C-8A (De Havilland Buffalo) aircraft are described. The modifications to STOL configuration consisted of augmentor-wing jet flaps, blown and drooped ailerons, and leading edge slats. The total simulator model includes a number of component parts for producing realistic visual, aural, tactile, vestibular, and kinesthetic cues for the pilot to assess the predicted behavior of the real airplane
A Special Case Of A Conjecture By Widom With Implications To Fermionic Entanglement Entropy
We prove a special case of a conjecture in asymptotic analysis by Harold
Widom. More precisely, we establish the leading and next-to-leading term of a
semi-classical expansion of the trace of the square of certain integral
operators on the Hilbert space . As already observed by Gioev and
Klich, this implies that the bi-partite entanglement entropy of the free Fermi
gas in its ground state grows at least as fast as the surface area of the
spatially bounded part times a logarithmic enhancement.Comment: 20 pages, 3 figures, improvement of the presentation, some references
added or updated, proof of Theorem 12 (formerly Lemma 11) adde
Environmental Impact on the Southeast Limb of the Cygnus Loop
We analyze observations from the Chandra X-ray Observatory of the southeast
knot of the Cygnus Loop supernova remnant. In this region, the blast wave
propagates through an inhomogeneous environment. Extrinsic differences and
subsequent multiple projections along the line of sight rather than intrinsic
shock variations, such as fluid instabilities, account for the apparent
complexity of the images. Interactions between the supernova blast wave and
density enhancements of a large interstellar cloud can produce the
morphological and spectral characteristics. Most of the X-ray flux arises in
such interactions, not in the diffuse interior of the supernova remnant.
Additional observations at optical and radio wavelengths support this account
of the existing interstellar medium and its role in shaping the Cygnus Loop,
and they demonstrate that the southeast knot is not a small cloud that the
blast wave has engulfed. These data are consistent with rapid equilibration of
electron and ion temperatures behind the shock front, and the current blast
wave velocity v_{bw} approx 330 km/s. Most of this area does not show strong
evidence for non-equilibrium ionization conditions, which may be a consequence
of the high densities of the bright emission regions.Comment: To appear in ApJ, April 1, 200
Toward High-Precision Astrometry with WFPC2. I. Deriving an Accurate PSF
The first step toward doing high-precision astrometry is the measurement of
individual stars in individual images, a step that is fraught with dangers when
the images are undersampled. The key to avoiding systematic positional error in
undersampled images is to determine an extremely accurate point-spread function
(PSF). We apply the concept of the {\it effective} PSF, and show that in images
that consist of pixels it is the ePSF, rather than the often-used instrumental
PSF, that embodies the information from which accurate star positions and
magnitudes can be derived. We show how, in a rich star field, one can use the
information from dithered exposures to derive an extremely accurate effective
PSF by iterating between the PSF itself and the star positions that we measure
with it. We also give a simple but effective procedure for representing spatial
variations of the HST PSF. With such attention to the PSF, we find that we are
able to measure the position of a single reasonably bright star in a single
image with a precision of 0.02 pixel (2 mas in WF frames, 1 mas in PC), but
with a systematic accuracy better than 0.002 pixel (0.2 mas in WF, 0.1 mas in
PC), so that multiple observations can reliably be combined to improve the
accuracy by .Comment: 33 pp. text + 15 figs.; accepted by PAS
Binaries and the dynamical mass of star clusters
The total mass of a distant star cluster is often derived from the virial
theorem, using line-of-sight velocity dispersion measurements and half-light
radii, under the implicit assumption that all stars are single (although it is
known that most stars form part of binary systems). The components of binary
stars exhibit orbital motion, which increases the measured velocity dispersion,
resulting in a dynamical mass overestimation. In this article we quantify the
effect of neglecting the binary population on the derivation of the dynamical
mass of a star cluster. We find that the presence of binaries plays an
important role for clusters with total mass M < 10^5 Msun; the dynamical mass
can be significantly overestimated (by a factor of two or more). For the more
massive clusters, with Mcl > 10^5 Msun, binaries do not affect the dynamical
mass estimation significantly, provided that the cluster is significantly
compact (half-mass radius < 5 pc).Comment: Comments: 2 pages. Conference proceedings for IAUS246 'Dynamical
Evolution of Dense Stellar Systems', ed. E. Vesperini (Chief Editor), M.
Giersz, A. Sills, Capri, Sept. 200
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Mechanism for neurotransmitter-receptor matching.
Synaptic communication requires the expression of functional postsynaptic receptors that match the presynaptically released neurotransmitter. The ability of neurons to switch the transmitter they release is increasingly well documented, and these switches require changes in the postsynaptic receptor population. Although the activity-dependent molecular mechanism of neurotransmitter switching is increasingly well understood, the basis of specification of postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptors matching the newly expressed transmitter is unknown. Using a functional assay, we show that sustained application of glutamate to embryonic vertebrate skeletal muscle cells cultured before innervation is necessary and sufficient to up-regulate ionotropic glutamate receptors from a pool of different receptors expressed at low levels. Up-regulation of these ionotropic receptors is independent of signaling by metabotropic glutamate receptors. Both imaging of glutamate-induced calcium elevations and Western blots reveal ionotropic glutamate receptor expression prior to immunocytochemical detection. Sustained application of glutamate to skeletal myotomes in vivo is necessary and sufficient for up-regulation of membrane expression of the GluN1 NMDA receptor subunit. Pharmacological antagonists and morpholinos implicate p38 and Jun kinases and MEF2C in the signal cascade leading to ionotropic glutamate receptor expression. The results suggest a mechanism by which neuronal release of transmitter up-regulates postsynaptic expression of appropriate transmitter receptors following neurotransmitter switching and may contribute to the proper expression of receptors at the time of initial innervation
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