Meme kanserinde Kv 1.3 ve Kv 10.1 voltaj bağımlı potasyum kanallarının inhibisyonunun oksidatif stres üzerindeki rolü

Amaç: Reaktif oksijen türevleri oksidatif stres, iyonize radyasyon maruziyeti, iskemi-reperfüzyon hasarı ve kanseri içeren fizyolojik ve patolojik durumlarda artmaktadır. Çalışmamızda meme kanser hücrelerinin farklılaşmasında ve çoğalmasında etkili olduğu düşünülen voltaj kapılı potasyum kanallarının inhibisyonunun etkilerini gözlemek amaçlandı. Yöntemler: Farklı karakterlerdeki meme kanseri hücrelerine bu potasyum kanallarına özgü siRNA’ların transfeksiyon işlemi yapıldı. İnkübasyon sonrasında hücre lizatları hazırlanarak antioksidan ve oksidan seviyeleri belirlendi. Elde edilen verilerle oksidatif stres hesaplandı. Sürekli değişkenlerin normal dağılıma uygunluğu Kolmogorov-Smirnov testi kullanılarak yapıldı. Normal dağılım gösteren değişkenlerin gruplar arasındaki karşılaştırmaları tek yönlü varyans analizi ile değerlendirildi. Çoklu karşılaştırmalar ise Tukey HSD testi ile gerçekleştirildi. Bulgular: Kanal inhibisyonu ile invaziv olmayan karakterdeki MCF-7 hücrelerinin oksidatif stres seviyesinde düşüş olduğu gözlendi. İnvaziv karakterdeki MDA-MB-231 hücrelerinde ise Kv 1.3 siRNA transfekte edilen grupta oksidatif stres seviyesinde düşüş belirlenirken, Kv 10.1 siRNA transfekte edilen grupta artış belirlendi. Sonuç: Voltaj kapılı potasyum iyon kanallarının inhibisyonunun kanser hücrelerinde oksidatif stres oluşturabileceği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca, çalışmamızdaki en önemli bulgu kanser hücrelerinde voltaj bağımlı potasyum kanallarının oksidatif stres üzerinde etki yapabileceği ve bunun hücrelerin metastatik karakteri ve iyon kanalı türü ile bağlantılı olmasıdır

Investigation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor, Zinc, and Vitamin B12 Levels in Chronic Gastritis with Helicobacter pylori Infection

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is known as the most common cause of worldwide common chronic gastritis. Pathogenic mechanisms caused by H. pylori in diseases are still not fully understood. In addition, it has been reported that H. pylori can alter gene expressions in infected tissues and affect transcription factor activation. It is reported that aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which is a cytoplasmic transcription factor, functions in the immune system and plays a role in immune cells in barrier organs such as the gastrointestinal system, skin, and lungs. H. pylori infection affects the absorption of micronutrients such as trace elements, minerals, and vitamins by disrupting gastric secretion and acidification functions. Zinc (Zn) trace element is thought to be able to modulate the induction of AhR-responsive genes in endothelial cells. Although it is emphasized that trace elements are related with gastritis, relationship between Zn and AhR is not fully known, especially in chronic gastritis accompanied by H. pylori infection. In this study, serum levels of AhR, Zn, and AhR antagonist vitamin B12 were determined in chronic gastritis with H. pylori infection. Fifty volunteers diagnosed with H. pylori positive and negative chronic gastritis were included in this study. Collected from individuals participating were 5 ml of venous blood samples, and their serums were separated. AhR serum level of the study group was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Zn concentrations in serum samples were measured using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy. When AhR and Zn serum levels were compared in H. pylori positive and negative chronic gastritis patients, it was found that AhR serum level of H. pylori positive chronic gastritis patients increased but it was not statistically significant (p = 0.595). However it was determined Zn and B12 serum levels were statistically significantly decreased (p < 0.001). This study has a crucial importance since to be the first one investigating relationship between serum AhR, Zn, and vitamin B12 levels in the pathogenesis of H. pylori gastritis in adults. Examination of AhR, Zn and B12 levels in H. pylori positive gastritis patients contributes to elucidating molecular mechanism of the disease

The effects of resveratrol and tannic acid on apoptosis in colon adenocarcinoma cell line

Objectives: To investigate the effects of resveratrol and tannic acid on apoptosis, and Bcl-2 homologous antagonist/killer (Bak) and fas associated death domain (FADD) proteins in the CaCo-2 cell line

Evaluation of Bax protein in breast cancer cells treated with tannic acid

Objectives: Tannic acid (TA), a plant polyphenol, is known to have anti-carcinogenic, anti-oxidant, anti-mutagenic, anti-microbial, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory activities. However, a precise mechanism responsible for the anti-cancer activity of TA in breast cancer has not yet been clearly described. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TA on the pro-apoptotic Bax protein in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7).Materials and methods: In this study, TA in various concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 100 μM) were administrated at various time points (24th h, 48th h and 72nd h) to breast cancer cells (MCF-7). The percentages of pro-apoptotic Bax protein in these cells were determined by immunohistochemical staining.Results: At the completion of the study, percentages of the pro-apoptotic Bax protein in pro-apoptotic cancer cells were found to be increased in a time-dependent manner after exposure to various concentrations of TA. This increase was at highest level with the concentration of 25 μM at 72nd hour.Conclusion: Based on our results, we suggested that TA could induce apoptosis of breast cancer cells by increasing Bax protein. Further studies evaluating the relationship of TA with other proteins that have a role in apoptotic pathways are warranted to support the findings of this study

Exposure to phagolysosomal simulated fluid altered the cytotoxicity of PET micro(nano)plastics to human lung epithelial cells

The occurrence of micro(nano)plastics into various environmental and biological settings influences their physicochemical and toxic behavior. Simulated body fluids are appropriate media for understanding the degradation, stability, and interaction with other substances of any material in the human body. When the particles enter the human body via inhalation, which is one of the avenues for micro(nano)plastics, they first come into contact with the lung lining fluid under neutral conditions and then are phagocytosed under acidic conditions to be removed. Therefore, it is important to examine the physicochemical transformation and toxicity characteristics after interaction with phagolysosomal simulant fluid (PSF). Here, we focused on exploring how the physicochemical differences (e.g. surface chemistry, elemental distribution, and surface charge) of micro(nano)plastics under pH 4.5 phagolysosome conditions impact cytotoxicity and the oxidative characteristics of lung epithelia cells. The cytotoxicity of lung epithelia cells to those treated with PSF and non-treated micro(nano)plastics was tested by various viability indicators including cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), MTT, and LDH. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity background was examined through the oxidative processes (e.g. reactive oxygen species, antioxidant, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase, and reduced glutathione). The results showed that all tested surface physicochemical characteristics were significantly influenced by the phagolysosome conditions. The staged responses were observed with the treatment duration, and significant changes were calculated in carbonyl, carbon-nitrogen, and sulfonyl groups. Moreover, the negativity of the zeta potentials declined between exposure of 2–40 h and then increased at 80 h compared to control owing to the chemical functional groups and elemental distribution of the plastic particles. The tested viability indicators showed that the micro(nano)plastics treated with PSF were cytotoxic to the lung epithelia cells compared to non-treated micro(nano)plastics, and SOD was the dominant enzyme triggering cytotoxicity due to the particle degradation and instability.</p

The investigation of tannic acid effects on removal of heavy metals and some biochemical values in the rat toxicity induced by cadmium

AMAÇ: Endüstriyel alanda yoğun bir şekilde kullanılan, önemli çevre kirleticilerden biri olan kadmiyum (Cd), günlük hayattaki maruziyetimiz nedeniyle yaşamsal bir takım tehditlere sebep olabilmektedir. Uzun bir yarılanma ömrüne sahip olan Cd, solunum, üriner, kardiovasküler, gastrointestinal, sinir sistemi ve kemiklerde direkt veya dolaylı olarak toksisiteye neden olmaktadır. Vücutta biriken Cd’un osteoporoz, anemi, eozinofili, anozmi ve kronik rinit gibi birçok hastalığa neden olduğu bilinmektedir. Çalışmamızda, flavonoid içeriği oldukça yüksek, ağır metal şelatlayıcı özelliğe sahip ve antioksidan tannik asidin (TA) Cd toksikasyonundan korunmadaki rolünü araştırmak amaçlandı. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM: Bu amaçla, 28 adet 200-300 gram ağırlığında sağlıklı 3-4 aylık Spraque-Dawley soyu erkek sıçanlar kullanıldı. Deney hayvanlarına ön tedavi amaçlı intraperitonal (i.p) enjeksiyon ile 5 gün boyunca TA 50mg/kg/gün olarak uygulandıktan sonra, intragastrik (i.g) enjeksiyon tek doz 35mg/ kg CdCl2 uygulandı. BULGULAR: CdCl2 uygulaması ile azalan hemolizat, karaciğer ve böbrek süperoksit dismutaz (SOD) değerlerini TA’nın artırdığı gözlendi. Benzer şekilde artan hemolizat ve karaciğer malondialdehit (MDA) değerlerini TA’nın azalttığı belirlendi. Karaciğer, böbrek, akciğer, testis ve dalakta CdCl2 uygulaması ile artan birikimi azaltma yönünde, TA etkili olmazken, kalpteki birikimi azaltma yönünde TA’nın etkili olduğu analiz edildi. CdCl2 uygulaması ile artan demir birikimini azaltma yönünde böbrek, dalak ve kalpte TA etkili olmazken, karaciğer, akciğer ve testiste etkili olduğu tespit edildi. SONUÇ: Günlük diyette kullanılan yiyecek ve içeceklerin, toksik ajanlara maruz kalma sonucu gelişebilecek bazı hastalıkları erken dönemde önlenmesiyle, bireylerin yaşam kalitesi yükselebilecektir. Çalışmamızda günlük yaşantımızda tüketilen TA içeren yiyeceklerin, çeşitli şekillerde maruz kaldığımız ağır metallerden korunma üzerine olan etkileri gözlemlendi. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre farklı dokularda farklı sonuçlara ulaşılabileceği belirlenirken, genel olarak değerlendirildiğinde, Cd’un zararlı etkilerine ya da en azından bazı dokulardaki birikimini azaltma yönünde TA’nın etkili olabileceği sonucuna ulaşıldı.OBJECTIVE: Cadmium (Cd), one of the major environmental pollutants used intensively in the industrial field and could causes a variety of vital threats due to our exposure in our daily lives. Having a long half-life, Cd causes direct or indirect toxicity to respiratory, urinary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, nervous system and bones. It is known that Cd that accumulates in the body causes many diseases such as osteoporosis, anemia, eosinophilia, anosmia and chronic rhinitis. In our study, we aimed to investigate the role of tannic acid (TA), an antioxidant substance with a high content of flavonoids and heavy metal chelating agents, in order to investigate its role in protecting from Cd toxicity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, it was used 28 Spraque-Dawley, 200-300 gr, 3-4 monthly male rats. For pre-treatment, TA (50 mg/kg/day) was administered by intraperitoneal (i.p) injection to the experimental groups for 5 days. And then a single dose CdCl2 (35 mg/kg) was was administered by intragastric (i.g). RESULTS: It was observed that superoxide dismutase (SOD) values decreased in hemolysate, liver and kidney by CdCl2 administration; but increased with TA. Malondialdehyde (MDA) values increased with CdCl2 administration whereas decreased with TA the hemolysate and liver. TA was found to be effective in decreasing heart accumulation, while TA was not effective in reducing accumulation with CdCl2 administration in liver, kidney, lung, testis and spleen. TA is not effective in reducing increased iron accumulation with CdCl2 administration in the kidney, spleen and heart, but in liver, lung and testis it could be effective. CONCLUSIONS: Food and drinks used in the daily diet may increase the quality of life of individuals by early prevention of certain diseases that may result in exposure to toxic agents. In our study, it has been shown that TA, which is consumed in our daily lives, may be effective in protecting substances from heavy metal toxicity. According to the results obtained, different results could be reached in different tissues; but when assessed in general, the harmful effects of Cd, or at least the result that TA have been achieved to reduce the accumulation of some tissues

Evaluation of relationship between SOD1 50-bp deletion gene polymorphism, Cu, Zn Level, and viscosity in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients with vertebral fractures

Oxidative stress plays a role in the pathogenesis of bone loss, causing low bone mineral density (BMD) and associated osteoporotic fractures. In our study, we aimed to investigate the relationship of SOD1 50-bp insertion( Ins)/deletion( Del) polymorphism that is involved in oxidative stress metabolism, Cu and Zn element concentrations, and plasma viscosity level, with postmenopausal osteoporosis and related vertebral fractures. The study included 167 voluntary individuals. The 50- bp Ins/Del polymorphism of SOD1 was determined by allele-specific PCR. Plasma Cu and Zn levels were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). The plasma viscosity was determined using the Harkness Capillary Viscometer device. In our study, the distribution of SOD1 promoter 50-bp Ins/Del polymorphism did not indicate a significant difference between the groups and in postmenopausal osteoporosis patients with and without fractures (p > 0.05). The Ins/Ins genotype was found to be common in individuals in both groups. The Cu and Zn levels of the study group were found to be between the normal reference values (p > 0.05). It was determined that plasma viscosity increased significantly in the group of osteoporotic patients and in patients with postmenopausal osteoporosis with fractures (p < 0.01). In addition, plasma viscosity was found to significantly increase in patients with Ins/Ins genotype and fractures (p < 0.01). Postmenopausal osteoporosis and associated vertebral fracture were found not to be directly related to SOD1 50-bp polymorphism and Cu and Zn element levels. Plasma viscosity levels were found to increase due to the increase in oxidative stress products. Further studies are needed to clarify the roles and relationships of SOD genes and trace elements in the development of postmenopausal osteoporosis and vertebral fracture

Effects of various agents on DNA fragmentation and telomerase enzyme activities in adenocarcinoma cell lines

Natural compounds such as resveratrol, tannic acid, and quercetin may help to treat cancer. Tamoxifen is a non-steroidal anti-estrogen drug widely used in the treatment of patients with estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. The aim of the study was to compare the effects of these natural compounds and tamoxifen in colon adenocarcinoma (CaCo-2) and breast adenocarcinoma (MCF-7) cell lines, on telomerase enzyme activity, cell viability, number of cells and DNA fragmentation. In this study to determine telomerase enzyme activity was used PCR-ELISA kit. To determine cell viability and number of cells were used tripan blue stain. DNA fragmentation was determined by DNA ladder isolation kit. Tannic acid was more effective than resveratrol, with respect to reduction in telomerase activity, cell viability and cell count in breast adenocarcinoma. Tannic acid and tamoxifen was more effective than resveratrol and quercetin telomerase activity, cell viability and cell count in colon adenocarcinoma. Flavonoids such as resveratrol, tannic acid and quercetin which was studied on, has benefical effects on cancer therapy. These effects such as decreasing telomerase enzyme activity, cell viability and number of cells and inducing DNA fragmentation (apoptosis) must be studied for assist to develop new therapeutic pathways. There should be much more sudies in order to discover resveratrol, tannic acid and quercetin and other potential medicines