Fatty liver index as a predictor for type 2 diabetes in subjects with normoglycemia in a nationwide cohort study

Our aim was to evaluate whether fatty liver index (FLI) is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) development within the Spanish adult population and according to their prediabetes status; additionally, to examine its incremental predictive value regarding traditional risk factors. A total of 2260 subjects (Prediabetes: 641 subjects, normoglycemia: 1619 subjects) from the [email protected] cohort study were studied. Socio-demographic, anthropometric, clinical data and survey on habits were recorded. An oral glucose tolerance test was performed and fasting determinations of glucose, lipids and insulin were made. FLI was calculated and classified into three categories: Low ( 60). In total, 143 people developed diabetes at follow-up. The presence of a high FLI category was in all cases a significant independent risk factor for the development of diabetes. The inclusion of FLI categories in prediction models based on different conventional T2DM risk factors significantly increase the prediction power of the models when all the population was considered. According to our results, FLI might be considered an early indicator of T2DM development even under normoglycemic condition. The data also suggest that FLI could provide additional information for the prediction of T2DM in models based on conventional risk factors

Doñana. Acta vertebrata. vol 17 (2)

Tres ejemplos de aplicación de métodos indirectos para la estimación de parametros poblacionales en cérvidoAlimentación de la garza real (Ardea cinerea) en la cuenca del Duero (España) durante el periodo reproductoDistribución y tamaño de colonias de buitre leonado (Gyps fulvus) en el alto Ebro y zona Cantábrica próximaDistribución y hábitat del visón americano (Mustela vison Schreber) en el sistema CentraRégimen alimentario del erizo (Erinaceus europaeus L.) durante verano y otoño en setos de la provincia de León (NO de España)Señales sociales de la espátula (Platalea leucorodia) durante el periodo reproductivoVariación del peso corporal en Arvicola terrestris (Rodentia, Arvicolidae) del nordeste ibéricoSobre el dimorfismo sexual en el cráneo del gato montés Felix silvestris Schreber, 1777 del sudoeste ibéricoUn nuevo núcleo poblacional de Apodemus flavicollis (Melchior, 1834) en la Península Ibérica.Selección de la lechuza común (Tyto alba) sobre el topillo común (Microtus duodecimcostatus)Importancia de la vegetación emergente en el comportamiento alimenticio de la fochaObservaciones sobre el papel del lagarto ocelado (Lacerta lepida Daudin), el erizo (Erinaceus europaeus L.) y el tejón (Meles meles L.) en la dispersión de semillasComentarios sobre los estimadores empleados en el método de la batida.El uso de la batida como método de censo: una replicaPeer reviewe

Genome-wide association analysis of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes reveal novel loci associated with Alzheimer's disease and three causality networks : The GR@ACE project

Introduction: Large variability among Alzheimer's disease (AD) cases might impact genetic discoveries and complicate dissection of underlying biological pathways. Methods: Genome Research at Fundacio ACE (GR@ACE) is a genome-wide study of dementia and its clinical endophenotypes, defined based on AD's clinical certainty and vascular burden. We assessed the impact of known AD loci across endophenotypes to generate loci categories. We incorporated gene coexpression data and conducted pathway analysis per category. Finally, to evaluate the effect of heterogeneity in genetic studies, GR@ACE series were meta-analyzed with additional genome-wide association study data sets. Results: We classified known AD loci into three categories, which might reflect the disease clinical heterogeneity. Vascular processes were only detected as a causal mechanism in probable AD. The meta-analysis strategy revealed the ANKRD31-rs4704171 and NDUFAF6-rs10098778 and confirmed SCIMP-rs7225151 and CD33-rs3865444. Discussion: The regulation of vasculature is a prominent causal component of probable AD. GR@ACE meta-analysis revealed novel AD genetic signals, strongly driven by the presence of clinical heterogeneity in the AD series

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Higher COVID-19 pneumonia risk associated with anti-IFN-α than with anti-IFN-ω auto-Abs in children

We found that 19 (10.4%) of 183 unvaccinated children hospitalized for COVID-19 pneumonia had autoantibodies (auto-Abs) neutralizing type I IFNs (IFN-alpha 2 in 10 patients: IFN-alpha 2 only in three, IFN-alpha 2 plus IFN-omega in five, and IFN-alpha 2, IFN-omega plus IFN-beta in two; IFN-omega only in nine patients). Seven children (3.8%) had Abs neutralizing at least 10 ng/ml of one IFN, whereas the other 12 (6.6%) had Abs neutralizing only 100 pg/ml. The auto-Abs neutralized both unglycosylated and glycosylated IFNs. We also detected auto-Abs neutralizing 100 pg/ml IFN-alpha 2 in 4 of 2,267 uninfected children (0.2%) and auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-omega in 45 children (2%). The odds ratios (ORs) for life-threatening COVID-19 pneumonia were, therefore, higher for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-alpha 2 only (OR [95% CI] = 67.6 [5.7-9,196.6]) than for auto-Abs neutralizing IFN-. only (OR [95% CI] = 2.6 [1.2-5.3]). ORs were also higher for auto-Abs neutralizing high concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 12.9 [4.6-35.9]) than for those neutralizing low concentrations (OR [95% CI] = 5.5 [3.1-9.6]) of IFN-omega and/or IFN-alpha 2

Dispersal history of SARS-CoV-2 in Galicia, Spain

The dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 transmission are influenced by a variety of factors, including social restrictions and the emergence of distinct variants. In this study, we delve into the origins and dissemination of the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron variants of concern in Galicia, northwest Spain. For this, we leveraged genomic data collected by the EPICOVIGAL Consortium and from the GISAID database, along with mobility information from other Spanish regions and foreign countries. Our analysis indicates that initial introductions during the Alpha phase were predominantly from other Spanish regions and France. However, as the pandemic progressed, introductions from Portugal and the USA became increasingly significant. Notably, Galicia’s major coastal cities emerged as critical hubs for viral transmission, highlighting their role in sustaining and spreading the virus. This research emphasizes the critical role of regional connectivity in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and offers essential insights for enhancing public health strategies and surveillance measures.This work was funded by grant EPICOVIGAL FONDO SUPERA-COVID19 from Banco Santander-CSIC-CRUE and grant CT850A-2 from ACIS SERGAS from the Consellería de Sanidade Xunta de Galicia. PGG was supported by grant ED481A-2021/345 from the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade Xunta de Galicia. SD acknowledges support from the Fonds National de la Recherche (F.R.S.-FNRS, Belgium; grant no. F.4515.22). SD and GB acknowledge support from the Research Foundation - Flanders (Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen, FWO, Belgium; grant no. G098321N) and from the European Union Horizon RIA 2023 project LEAPS (grant no. 101094685). GB acknowledges support from the Internal Funds KU Leuven (Grant No. C14/18/094), from the Research Foundation - Flanders (Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen, FWO, Belgium; grant no. G0E1420N) and from the DURABLE EU4Health project 02/2023-01/2027, which is co-funded by the European Union (call EU4H-2021-PJ4; grant no. 101102733). SD and PL acknowledge support from the European Union Horizon 2020 project MOOD (grant agreement no. 874850). PL and MAS acknowledge support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 725422 - ReservoirDOCS), from the Wellcome Trust through project 206298/Z/17/Z and from the National Institutes of Health grants R01 AI153044, R01 AI162611 and U19 AI135995. PL also acknowledges support from the Research Foundation - Flanders (Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen, G0D5117N, and G051322N); MIV, JCS and NSO acknowledge support from the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (project UIDB/50026/2020, UIDP/50026/2020).N

Dispersal history of SARS-CoV-2 in Galicia, Spain

13 páginas, 4 figurasThe dynamics of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission are influenced by a variety of factors, including social restrictions and the emergence of distinct variants. In this study, we delve into the origins and dissemination of the Alpha, Delta, and Omicron-BA.1 variants of concern in Galicia, northwest Spain. For this, we leveraged genomic data collected by the EPICOVIGAL Consortium and from the GISAID database, along with mobility information from other Spanish regions and foreign countries. Our analysis indicates that initial introductions during the Alpha phase were predominantly from other Spanish regions and France. However, as the pandemic progressed, introductions from Portugal and the United States became increasingly significant. The number of detected introductions varied from 96 and 101 for Alpha and Delta to 39 for Omicron-BA.1. Most of these introductions left a low number of descendants (<10), suggesting a limited impact on the evolution of the pandemic in Galicia. Notably, Galicia's major coastal cities emerged as critical hubs for viral transmission, highlighting their role in sustaining and spreading the virus. This research emphasizes the critical role of regional connectivity in the spread of SARS-CoV-2 and offers essential insights for enhancing public health strategies and surveillance measures.This work was funded by grant EPICOVIGAL FONDO SUPERA-COVID19 from Banco Santander-CSIC-CRUE and grant CT850A-2 from ACIS SERGAS from the Consellería de Sanidade Xunta de Galicia. PGG was supported by grant ED481A-2021/345 from the Consellería de Cultura, Educación e Universidade Xunta de Galicia. SD acknowledges support from the Fonds National de la Recherche (F.R.S.-FNRS, Belgium; grant no. F.4515.22). SD and GB acknowledge support from the Research Foundation - Flanders (Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen, FWO, Belgium; grant no. G098321N) and from the European Union Horizon RIA 2023 project LEAPS (grant no. 101094685). GB acknowledges support from the Internal Funds KU Leuven (Grant No. C14/18/094), from the Research Foundation - Flanders (Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen, FWO, Belgium; grant no. G0E1420N) and from the DURABLE EU4Health project 02/2023-01/2027, which is co-funded by the European Union (call EU4H-2021-PJ4; grant no. 101102733). SD and PL acknowledge support from the European Union Horizon 2020 project MOOD (grant agreement no. 874850). PL and MAS acknowledge support from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement no. 725422 - ReservoirDOCS), from the Wellcome Trust through project 206298/Z/17/Z and from the National Institutes of Health grants R01 AI153044, R01 AI162611 and U19 AI135995. PL also acknowledges support from the Research Foundation - Flanders (Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek - Vlaanderen, G0D5117N, and G051322N); MIV, JCS and NSO acknowledge support from the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (project UIDB/50026/2020, UIDP/50026/2020).Peer reviewe

Gestión del conocimiento: perspectiva multidisciplinaria. Volumen 11

El libro “Gestión del Conocimiento. Perspectiva Multidisciplinaria”, Volumen 11, de la Colección Unión Global, es resultado de investigaciones. Los capítulos del libro, son resultados de investigaciones desarrolladas por sus autores. El libro cuenta con el apoyo de los grupos de investigación: Universidad Sur del Lago “Jesús María Semprúm” (UNESUR), Zulia – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Falcón Alonso Gamero (UPTAG), Falcón – Venezuela; Universidad Politécnica Territorial de Mérida Kleber Ramírez (UPTM), Mérida – Venezuela; Universidad Guanajuato (UG) - Campus Celaya - Salvatierra - Cuerpo Académico de Biodesarrollo y Bioeconomía en las Organizaciones y Políticas Públicas (C.A.B.B.O.P.P), Guanajuato – México; Centro de Altos Estudios de Venezuela (CEALEVE), Zulia – Venezuela, Centro Integral de Formación Educativa Especializada del Sur (CIFE - SUR) - Zulia - Venezuela, Centro de Investigaciones Internacionales SAS (CIN), Antioquia - Colombia.y diferentes grupos de investigación del ámbito nacional e internacional que hoy se unen para estrechar vínculos investigativos, para que sus aportes científicos formen parte de los libros que se publiquen en formatos digital e impreso

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Comportamiento del proceso de adaptación en un círculo infantil

Se realizó un estudio descriptivo de eficacia en el Círculo Infantil "XX Aniversario", del Policlínico "Ignacio Agramonte" del municipio Camagüey, entre septiembre y diciembre de 1993, en 23 niños que comenzaron el proceso de adaptación para conocer su comportamiento. Se incluuyeron variables sobre las incidencias de la planificación, realización, control y atención y orientación a los padres, causas de las dificultades y medidas tomadas. Entre los niños estudiados predominaron los del 2do. año de vida (56,5 %), del sexo masculino (65,2 %), de padres con buen nivel económico (100 %) y de escolaridad (93 %), procedentes de familias integradas (60,8 %). El uso del chupete (30,4 %) y la alteración de los hábitos alimentarios (21,7 %) predominaron entre los hábitos negativos; mientras que las enfermedades respiratorias crónicas (47,7 %) y las alteraciones del lenguaje (43,4 %) entre los antecedentes patológicos personales. Finalmente las dificultades encontradas fueron: inadecuada planificación y realización del proceso, repercusión negativa de las infecciones respiratorias agudas y el manejo inadecuado por la familia, y presentación frecuente de adaptaciones difíciles<br>A descriptive efficacy study was conducted at the " XX Aniversario" Day Care Center of the " Ignacio Agramonte" Polyclinic, in the municipality of Camagüey, from September to December, 1993. 23 children that started the process of adaptation were studied to know their behaviour. Variables on the incidences of planning, making, control and attention and guidance of parents, as well as the causes of the dificulties and the measures taken were included. 2-year-old children ( 56. 5 %) predominated among the studied children. 65. 2 % were males, 100 % had parents with a good economic level, 93 % had parents with an adequate educational level and 60. 8 % were from families integrates into society. The use of pacifier (30.4 %) and the alteration of the nutritional habits ( 21. 7 %) prevailed among the negative habits, whereas the chronic respiratory diseases ( 47.7 %) and the speech disorders ( 43.4 %) predominated among the personal pathological histories. Finally, the difficulties found were: inadequate planning an making of the process, negative repercussion of acute respiratory infections and the inappropiate management by the family, and the frequent difficulties presented by children to adapt themselves to the day care cente