Diagnostic value of myocardial perfusion scans for diagnosis of coronary artery disease

زمینه و هدف: بیماری های عروق کرونر موجب مرگ و میر، ناتوانی و تحمیل هزینه های زیادی می شود. ارزش تشخیصی اسکن قلب برای تنگی عروق کرونر متفاوت گزارش شده است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی ارزش تشخیصی اسکن در مقایسه با آنژیوگرافی است. روش بررسی: این مطالعه از نوع مقطعی بوده و جامعه آماری بیماران مراجعه کننده به بخش پزشکی هسته ای بیمارستان قلب ساری بودند. 115 بیمار که نتیجه آنژیوگرافی آن ها معلوم بود انتخاب شدند. داده های مربوط به عوامل خطر بیماری عروق کرونر به وسیله پرسش نامه، جمع آوری گشت. نتایج با استفاده از آزمون t و کای اسکور با SPSS و استفاده از شاخص های حساسیت و ویژگی و ارزش پیشگویی مثبت و منفی مقایسه شدند. یافته ها: 62 نفر (9/53) زن و میانگین و انحراف معیار سن بیماران 67/9±85/56 سال بود که در گروه نرمال و گروه مبتلا به بیماری عروق کرونر اختلاف معنی دار داشته است (001/0>P). فراوانی سایر عوامل خطرزا به ترتیب فشارخون بالا (7/55)، سابقه خانوادگی بیماری قلبی (1/46) و دیابت (33) به دست آمد. بین فشارخون سیستولیک، کلسترول، HDL، LDL، تری گلیسیرید و شاخص توده بدنی با نتیجه آنژیوگرافی ارتباط آماری معنی داری مشاهده نشد. حساسیت اسکن پرفیوژن میوکارد قلب در تشخیص بیماری عروق کرونر در مقایسه با آنژیوگرافی برابر با 84 و ویژگی آن برابر 92 به دست آمد؛ همچنین ارزش پیشگویی کننده مثبت 5/95 و ارزش پیشگویی کننده منفی 75 محاسبه شد. نتیجه گیری: با توجه به نتایج این مطالعه و بالا بودن میزان حساسیت و ویژگی اسکن پرفیوژن میوکارد در مقایسه با آنژیوگرافی، اسکن پرفیوژن میوکارد به عنوان روشی غیر تهاجمی در تشخیص تنگی عروق کرونر کمک کننده می باشد؛ ولی باید شرایط انتخاب بیماران استاندارد و بدون اوریبی در انتخاب باشد

Effectiveness of Mindfulness Training on Problem Solving between Elementary Girl Students in Fifth Grade

Objective:The purpose of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of mindfulness training on problem solving between elementary girl students in fifth grade. Method: The research method was quasi experimental design (two groups with pre-test and post-test) and the statistical population consisted of all elementary girl students in fifth grade in Six Educational Zone in Tehran, from whom 24 students were selected by convenience sampling and then were assigned to experimental group (n=12) and control group (n=12). All students in the experimental and the control groups had taken computer based London Tower Test. Then, the experimental group participated in 12 sessions of mindfulness training, the combination of general mindfulness training for children and executive mindfulness training in American elementary school (Kaiser-Greenland, 2010) modeled based on MBCT-C (mindfulness-based cognitive therapy-children) Baer’s protocol (2006), over a 8 weeks period. Data were analyzed using ANCOVA on SPSS 18 software. Results: Results of this study showed that the two groups of experimental and control were significantly different in problem solving (P<0.05) abilities

Investigación de la aplicación del niosoma como nanoportador de extracto de salvia (Salvia officinalis L.) por espectroscopia y quimiometría

Objetive: Investigation the application of niosome as a nanocarrier for sage (Salvia officinalis L.) extract by spectroscopy and chemometrics. Material and Method: In this study,niosome nanoparticles containing cholesterol and without cholesterol were prepared by thin film hydration method. Ethanol extract of sage was extracted by microwave and loaded inside the niosome nanoparticles. The size of the nanoparticles was determined by field imaging scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The zeta potential of the niosomes was determined by Dynamic light scattering (DLS). to investigate the type of interactions between surfactants and cholesterol used in the niosome structure, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was used. Drug release was investigated for 5 consecutive days in phosphate buffer salin (PBS) 0/01 M with pH=7.4 at T=370C. Results:The zeta potential of the niosomes with cholesterol and without cholesterol was -24/1&amp;-15/6 mv . The loading capacity of the drug in the concentration range (1-3% w / w of niosum) for both types of niosome was between 61% and 93%. Conclusion: This results show that the release rate of niosme with cholesterol is significantly more regular and lower than of niosome without cholesterol. In general, it can be concluded that niosome can be a suitable nano-carrier for delivery of hydrophilic extract of the sage.Objetivo: Investigar la aplicación del niosoma como nanoportador de extracto de salvia (Salvia officinalis L.) mediante espectroscopia y quimiometría. Material y método: En este estudio, se prepararon nanopartículas de niosoma que contienen colesterol y sin colesterol mediante el método de hidratación de película fina. El extracto etanólico de salvia se extrajo mediante microondas y se cargó dentro de las nanopartículas de niosoma. El tamaño de las nanopartículas se determinó mediante microscopía electrónica de barrido de imágenes de campo (FE-SEM). El potencial zeta de los niosomas se determinó mediante dispersión dinámica de luz (DLS). Para investigar el tipo de interacciones entre los tensioactivos y el colesterol utilizados en la estructura del niosoma, se utilizó la espectroscopia infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (FT-IR). Se investigó la liberación de fármaco durante 5 días consecutivos en tampón fosfato salina (PBS) 0/01 M con pH = 7,4 a T = 37ºC. Resultados: El potencial zeta de los niosomas con colesterol y sin colesterol fue de -24 / 1 y -15 / 6 mv. La capacidad de carga del fármaco en el rango de concentración (1-3% p / p de niosum) para ambos tipos de niosoma estuvo entre 61% y 93%. Conclusión: Estos resultados muestran que la tasa de liberación de niosma con colesterol es significativamente más regular y más baja que la de niosoma sin colesterol. En general, se puede concluir que el niosoma puede ser un nanoportador adecuado para el suministro de extracto hidrófilo de la salvia

Investigation of mutations in exons 19-23 MYH7 gene in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy patients using PCR-SSCP/HA technique in Chaharmahal va Bakhtiari province

زمینه و هدف: کاردیومایوپاتی هایپرتروفی (HCM) رایج ترین نوع از بیماری های قلبی است که 2/0 درصد از جمعیت جهان را تحت تأثیر قرار داده و همچنین رایج ترین علت مرگ قلبی ناگهانی در جوانان زیر 35 سال است. حدود 35 درصد موارد بیماری مربوط به اگزون های 24- 8 از ژن MYH7 است. هدف این مطالعه بررسی احتمال حضور جهش های مربوط به ژن MYH7 در اگزون های 23-19 در بیماران HCM استان چهارمحال و بختیاری بود. روش بررسی: در این مطالعه تجربی 30 بیمار مبتلا به HCM به روش نمونه گیری آسان از بین مراجعین به کلینیک قلب دانشگاه علوم پزشکی شهرکرد انتخاب شدند. در این بیماران DNAبه روش استاندارد فنل-کلروفرم استخراج شد. اگزون های مورد نظر با استفاده از روش PCR تکثیر و با روش SSCP به صورت تک رشته تبدیل شد و همراه نمونه های دو رشته ای روی ژل پلی آکریل آمید الکتروفورز گردید. سپس باندهای مشکوک تعیین توالی گردید و نتایج با استفاده از نرم افزار Chromas تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. یافته ها: در اگزون های 20، 21 و 23 تغییری مشاهده نشد، اما در اگزون های 19 و 22 دو جهش R719W و R870H یافت شد که به ترتیب در دو و یک نفر از بیماران وجود داشتند. نتیجه گیری: از آنجا که تغییرات در اگزون های 19 و 22 باعث تغییر اسید آمینه ای در میوزین بتا می شود، جهش‌های ژن MYH7 در این اگزون ها، احتمالاً سهم به سزایی در بیماران HCM این استان دارند. به هر صورت، لازم است برای نتیجه گیری بهتر، بیماران بیشتری مورد مطالعه قرار گیرند

Association Between Helicobacter pylori cagA, babA2 Virulence Factors and Gastric Mucosal Interleukin-33 mRNA Expression and Clinical Outcomes in Dyspeptic Patients

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been reported in more than half of the world human population. It is associated with gastric inflammation and noticeable infiltration of the immune cells to the stomach mucosa by several cytokines secretion. IL-1 beta, IL-18 have been shown to contribute to H. pylori induced gastritis, but the details of inflammation and association of virulence factors remain unclear. IL-1 cytokine family has a new additional cytokine, Interleukin-33 (IL-33), which is contemplated to have an important role for host defense against microorganisms. H. pylori virulence factors important in gastritis risk are the cag pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) and babA. This study evaluated IL-33 mucosal mRNA expression levels in infected and uninfected patients and its relationship with bacterial virulence factors cagA, babA(2) and type of gastritis. Total RNA was extracted from gastric biopsies of 79 H. pylori-infected patients and 51 H. pylori-negative patients. Mucosal IL-33 mRNA expression levels in gastric biopsies were assessed using real-time PCR. Existence of virulence factors were detected by PCR. IL-33 mRNA expression was significantly higher in biopsies of H. pylori-infected patients compared to H. pylori-uninfected patients (P< 0.0001). Also there was a direct relationship between virulence factor bab-A2 and enhancement in IL-33 mRNA expression. Furthermore, IL-33 mRNA expression level was significantly lower in chronic gastritis patients compared with patients with active gastritis (P< 0.001). IL-33 may play a crucial role in the inflammatory response and induction of the chronic gastritis and severity of inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa

Association Between Helicobacter pylori cagA, babA2 Virulence Factors and Gastric Mucosal Interleukin-33 mRNA Expression and Clinical Outcomes in Dyspeptic Patients.

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection has been reported in more than half of the world human population. It is associated with gastric inflammation and noticeable infiltration of the immune cells to the stomach mucosa by several cytokines secretion. IL-1β, IL-18 have been shown to contribute to H. pylori induced gastritis, but the details of inflammation and association of virulence factors remain unclear. IL-1 cytokine family has a new additional cytokine, Interleukin-33 (IL-33), which is contemplated to have an important role for host defense against microorganisms. H. pylori virulence factors important in gastritis risk are the cag pathogenicity island (cag-PAI) and babA. This study evaluated IL-33 mucosal mRNA expression levels in infected and uninfected patients and its relationship with bacterial virulence factors cagA, babA2 and type of gastritis. Total RNA was extracted from gastric biopsies of 79 H. pylori-infected patients and 51 H. pylori-negative patients. Mucosal IL-33 mRNA expression levels in gastric biopsies were assessed using real-time PCR. Existence of virulence factors were detected by PCR. IL-33 mRNA expression was significantly higher in biopsies of H. pylori-infected patients compared to H. pylori-uninfected patients (P<0.0001). Also there was a direct relationship between virulence factor bab-A2 and enhancement in IL-33 mRNA expression. Furthermore, IL-33 mRNA expression level was significantly lower in chronic gastritis patients compared with patients with active gastritis (P<0.001). IL-33 may play a crucial role in the inflammatory response and induction of the chronic gastritis and severity of inflammatory changes in the gastric mucosa

The Removal of Methylene Blue from Aqueous Solutions Using Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles With Hydrogen Peroxide

Industrial effluents produce vast amounts of pollutants and account for 20% of industrial wastewater annually. Methylene blue (MB) is one of the most widely used dyes in the medical, pharmaceutical, and textile industries. However, it is toxic to living organisms, and even a short-time exposure to it can be potentially harmful. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the efficiency of zinc oxide nanoparticles in removing MB from aqueous solutions in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The effects of various parameters such as pH (3-10), ZnO nanoparticle dose (0.01-0.08 g/L), reaction time (5-50 minutes), initial concentration of MB (20-200 mg/L), and the hydrogen peroxide concentration (0.5-5 mg/L) were studied. The wavelength of maximum absorption (λmax) was 665 nm. The optimal pH value was 5, zinc oxide nanoparticle dose was 0.05 g/L, the initial concentration of MB was 40 mg/L, the concentration of hydrogen peroxide was 2 mg/L, and the contact time was 20 minutes. The efficiency of MB removal was 97.99%. The results showed that zinc oxide nanoparticles in the presence of hydrogen peroxide could remove the MB from aqueous solutions with high efficiency

Incidence of dental developmental anomalies in permanent dentition among Ardabil population, Iran, in 2015-2016

BACKGROUND AND AIM: Dental anomalies are typically detected in radiographic screening. The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the dental anomalies found in panoramic radiographs taken from the study population in Ardabil, Iran, in 2015-2016. METHODS: The present study was conducted on 1800 panoramic radiographs obtained from 799 men and 1001 women in the Radiology Department, Dental Faculty of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil. The radiographs were precisely evaluated in terms of various dental anomalies, including root dilaceration, missing teeth, impaction, retained deciduous, supernumerary teeth, peg lateral teeth, talon cusp, taurodontism, and lingual pit. The data were analyzed using the chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests. RESULTS: The results of this study revealed that 331 patients had at least one dental anomaly. Dilaceration with 42.0% was the most common anomaly. The other anomalies detected in the radiographs included missing teeth, impaction, lingual pit, peg lateral teeth, retained deciduous teeth, supernumerary teeth, talon cusp, and taurodontism with a rate of 20.2%, 18.4%, 10.8%, 10.2%, 7.8%, 6.6%, 1.5%, and 0.3%, respectively. No cases of microdontia, macrodontia, germination, and fusion were observed. Dental anomalies were more incident among women than men (P = 0.010). Furthermore, the detected anomalies had a higher rate in maxilla compared to mandible (P = 0.010). CONCLUSION: As the findings of this study indicated, dilaceration was the most common dental anomaly, followed by missing teeth and impaction, respectively. KEYWORDS: Incidence; Dentition; Anomalies; Panoramic; Radiograph

The effect of eucalyptus vapor on cough after coronary artery bypass surgery

Cough is postoperative complication following endotracheal intubation as well as inflammation of the pharynx, larynx and trachea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of eucalyptus vapor on cough after tracheal extubation in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). In this randomized controlled trial, 100 patients undergoing CABG were randomly divided into two groups by accessible sampling. Before the intervention and after tracheal extubation, demographic and clinical data, as well as data on cough by a scoring system were collected from interventional and control groups. The patients in the interventional group after tracheal extubation were exposed to eucalyptus vapor for about 10 min. This treatment was performed at 1 and 12 h after extubation. The severity of cough was recorded in both interventional and control groups at 0, 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after extubation. The present study showed that the severity of cough after extubation in the patients undergoing CABG in the interventional group had no significant difference at the times of immediate to 24 hours after extubation. Risk of cough had respectively 9.5% increase in the control group as compared to the interventional group

The effect of extended-focused assessment with sonography in trauma results on clinical judgment accuracy of the physicians managing patients with blunt thoracoabdominal trauma

Background: Extended-focused assessment with sonography in trauma (E-FAST) has been introduced as a free fluid identification technique in the abdomen, and currently, like stethoscopes, it is routinely used to assess traumatic patients, as part of physical examination tools. We decided to examine the effect of using E-FAST in the clinical judgment of the physicians managing patients with blunt abdominal and chest wall trauma. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients who were admitted from May 2014 till May 2015 to the emergency department of Imam Khomeini and Sina Hospitals, Tehran, Iran, with an abdominal or chest blunt trauma and for whom E-FAST was conducted were enrolled. In a preprepared checklist, possible consequences based on the primary clinical judgment of a physician were recorded; and then, the results from E-FAST on existence or nonexistence of free fluid or air in the peritoneal or pleural space were presented, and the possible consequences according to the results obtained from the E-FAST were also recorded again. Based on actual outcome of patients' condition in the first 24 h, statistical characteristics for each pathology were calculated. Results: In this study, 115 patients with a mean age of 36.20 ± 12.37 years were examined including 92 (80) men. The correlation coefficient between the possibility of hemorrhagic shock, pneumothorax, hemoperitoneum, solid organ damage, and hemothorax before and after the E-FAST based on the Kappa criteria was 0.803, 0.642, 0.430, 0.331, and 0.318, respectively. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that performing E-FAST increases the sensitivity of history and physical examination in diagnosis of pneumothorax, hemoperitoneum, solid organ damage, and hemothorax