Fly ash reactivity modified by nitrogen and sulfur compounds

The inhibitory effect of thiourea (TUA), ammonium thiosulfate (TSA) and amidosulfonic acid (ASA) on the reactivity of fly ash air was investigated using a thermobalance at different heating rates (5, 10 and 20 K min-1). A model fly ash (activated carbon + 50 wt.% CuCl2·2H2O, pyrolyzed at 700 ºC and washed) was used as carbonaceous material. Adding CuCl2·2H2O to the activated carbon led to an increased rate of decomposition with the air’s oxygen. TUA and TSA behaved in a similar way, accelerating the decomposition of the model fly ash. ASA also accelerated the decomposition but to a lower extent. We proof that the increase in decomposition rate is caused by a reaction between carbonaceous material and N- and S-containing compounds. The formation of nitrogenated and sulphured compounds was confirmed by TG-MS. A kinetic model based on a single reaction of order 0.6 showed very good correlations with all the heating rates tested in oxidant atmosphere.This work was supported by the CTQ2016-76608-R project from the Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (Spain), and the UAUSTI17-07 grant from University of Alicante (Spain)

Contemplative positive psychology: Introducing mindfulness into positive psychology

A pesar de que mindfulness está integrado en muchos manuales de psicología positiva como una técnica “positiva”, apenas se han desarrollado las implicaciones que tiene su uso ni se ha investigado la relación entre mindfulness y bienestar humano. Analizar las principales potencialidades de los dos ámbitos, las posibilidades de integración, así como las posibles contradicciones entre sus mensajes, es fundamental de cara a establecer puentes. Mindfulness es más que una técnica de meditación, lleva implícitos una serie de valores y condicionantes éticos que se adecuan en buena medida con los presupuestos que se proponen desde la psicología positiva, como el desarrollo de la amabilidad, la compasión, y las emociones positivas. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar por un lado aspectos comunes y similitudes, y por otro lado diferencias entre mindfulness y la psicología positiva. También se presentarán los principales estudios que han investigado el papel que tiene mindfulness y las prácticas contemplativas sobre el bienestar humano. Finalmente se discutirá y plantearán futuras líneas de investigación e intervención para acercar ambas propuestas. Although mindfulness is included in many positive psychology manuals as a “positive” technique, the implications of its use have scarcely been developed and the relationship between mindfulness and human well-being has barely been researched. Analyzing the main strengths of the two fields, the possibilities for their integration and the potential contradictions between their messages is essential in order to establish connections. Mindfulness is more than a meditation technique. It has implicit within it a set of values and ethical conditions that coincide to a great extent with the proposed assumptions from positive psychology, such as the development of kindness, compassion, and positive emotions. The aim of this paper is to present, on the one hand, the commonalities and similarities, and on the other, the differences between mindfulness and positive psychology. We also present the main studies that have investigated the role of mindfulness and contemplative practices on human well-being. Finally future research will be discussed and intervention suggested in order to bring the two proposals together

Relationship between meditative practice and self-reported mindfulness: The MINDSENS composite index

Mindfulness has been described as an inherent human capability that can be learned and trained, and its improvement has been associated with better health outcomes in both medicine and psychology. Although the role of practice is central to most mindfulness programs, practice-related improvements in mindfulness skills is not consistently reported and little is known about how the characteristics of meditative practice affect different components of mindfulness. The present study explores the role of practice parameters on self-reported mindfulness skills. A total of 670 voluntary participants with and without previous meditation experience (n = 384 and n = 286, respectively) responded to an internet-based survey on various aspects of their meditative practice (type of meditation, length of session, frequency, and lifetime practice). Participants also completed the Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ), and the Experiences Questionnaire (EQ). The group with meditation experience obtained significantly higher scores on all facets of FFMQ and EQ questionnaires compared to the group without experience. However different effect sizes were observed, with stronger effects for the Observing and Non-Reactivity facets of the FFMQ, moderate effects for Decentering in EQ, and a weak effect for Non-judging, Describing, and Acting with awareness on the FFMQ. Our results indicate that not all practice variables are equally relevant in terms of developing mindfulness skills. Frequency and lifetime practice - but not session length or meditation type - were associated with higher mindfulness skills. Given that these 6 mindfulness aspects show variable sensitivity to practice, we created a composite index (MINDSENS) consisting of those items from FFMQ and EQ that showed the strongest response to practice. The MINDSENS index was able to correctly discriminate daily meditators from non-meditators in 82.3% of cases. These findings may contribute to the understanding of the development of mindfulness skills and support trainers and researchers in improving mindfulness-oriented practices and programs

Tratamiento ácido de cetohexosas

Acid treatment of cetohexoses (D-fructose and L-sorbose) was made. By spectroscopic and chromatographic methods, 3-deoxy-D-erythrohexosulose, disaccharide with l-2'-glycosidic bond, di-cetopyranose 1,2' : 2,r-dianhydride and cetopyranose-cetofuranose 1,2' : 2,r-dianhydride, have been identified

Emissions of Gases, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Brominated Pollutants during Thermal Degradation of Waste Printed Circuit Boards

Resumen del póster presentado en Symposium on Renewable Energy and Products from Biomass and Waste, CIUDEN (Cubillos de Sil, León, Spain), 12-13 May 2015Electronic waste is one of the fastest growing waste streams in the world due to the rapid pace of technology enhancement and development. The exponential growth of electronic waste contributes to a rapid increase in the rate of contaminants and waste entering landfills. This fact implies the need for an appropriate management of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Printed circuit boards (PCB) are one of the most complex constituents of WEEE, with a mixture of both valuable and/or hazardous elements. Thermal treatments represent an interesting alternative to recycle this kind of waste, but particular attention has to be paid to the potential emissions of toxic by-products. In this study, the emissions from thermal degradation of printed circuit boards (with and without metals) have been studied using a laboratory scale reactor, under oxidizing and inert atmosphere at 600 and 850 oC. The study comprises the analysis of gases, halogens and hydrogen halides, carbon oxides, light hydrocarbons, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), chlorinated phenol, chlorinated benzenes and brominated phenols, among other semivolatile compounds, as well as polybromo- and polychloro- dibenzo-p-dioxins and furans and dioxin-like polychlorobiphenyls. The maximum formation of PAHs was found in pyrolysis at 850 oC, naphthalene being the most abundant. High levels of 2-, 4-, 2,4-, 2,6- and 2,4,6-bromophenols were found, especially at 600 oC. Emissions of PCDD/Fs and dioxin-like PCBs were very slow and much lower than that of PBDD/Fs, due to the higher bromine content of the samples. Combustion at 600 oC was the run with the highest PBDD/F formation: the total content of eleven 2,3,7,8-substituted congeners (tetra- through heptaBDD/Fs) was 7240 and 3250 ng WHO2005-TEQ/kg sample, corresponding to the sample with and without metals, respectively.Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Spain): CTQ2013-41006-R. Valencian Community Government (Spain): PROMETEOII/2014/00

Transformaciones de Inulino sobre Amberlita IR-120

Action of Amberlite IR-120 on Inuline, has heen investigated. Inuline is converted in, 3-deoxy-D-erythro-hexosulose, D-glucose, D-mannose, inulobiose, di-D-fructopyranose 1,2': 2,l'-dianhydride and di-Dfructopyranose- D-fructofuranose 1,2' : 2,r-dianhydride. The significance of cuantitatives ressults is discussed

Interventions of computerized psychotherapies for depression in Primary Care in Spain

Currently, depression is a global health problem recognized by the WHO. The prevalence of this pathology in Primary Care is estimated at 19.5% worldwide, and 20.2% in Spain. In addition, the current intervention policies and protocols involve significant costs, both personal and economic, for people suffering from this disorder, as well as for society in general. On the other hand, the relapse rates after pharmacological interventions that are currently applied and the lack of effective specialized attention in mental health services reflect the need to develop new therapeutic strategies that are more accessible and profitable. Therefore, one of the proposals that are being investigated in different parts of the world is the design and evaluation of therapeutic protocols applied through Information and Communication Technologies, especially through the Internet and computer programs. The objective of this work was to present the current situation in Spain regarding the use of these interventions for the treatment of depression in Primary Care. The main conclusion is that although there is scientific evidence on the effectiveness of these programs, there are still important barriers that hinder their application in the public system, and also the need to develop implementation studies that facilitate the transition from research to clinical practice

Obtención y cromatografía gas-líquido de aldosulosas (Osónos)

The aldosuloses of D-xilose, D-glucose, D-galactose, L-sorbose, D-lactose and D-maltose are obtained. Melting point, elemental analysis, I.R. and U.V. espectra, and retention distances by gas-liquid chromatography, in two colums, have been calculated