Reeducação Funcional Respiratória no cliente submetido a gastrectomia: programa de intervenção pré e pós-operatório

Aim: To analyze the effects of a pre and post-operative breathing functional reeducation program in pain, respiratory rate and O2 saturation in the health/illness transition process of the client submitted to an elective gastrectomy. Method: A quasi-experimental and longitudinal study, based on a quantitative paradigm, with a sample of 60 clients distributed in two groups: 30 control and 30 intervention. Results: Low levels of pain were present in the study, with statistically significant advantages for clients of the intervention group at discharge and postoperative consultation (p=0.016 and p=0.002, respectively). There is an immediate beneficial impact on oxygen saturation after the completion of the program, (p<0.001, at all times of assessment). The respiratory rate remained normal, with no effect of the intervention (p> 0.05). Conclusion: The implementation of the program revealed benefits, mainly post-operative, with decreased pain level and increased oxygen saturation. There were no program effects on respiratory rate. Its characteristic of continuity in time brings advantages to the customers.Objetivo: Analizar los efectos de un programa de reeducación funcional respiratoria previa y postoperatoria en el dolor, frecuencia respiratoria y saturación de oxígeno del cliente sometido a gastrectomía programada. Método: Estudio casi experimental y longitudinal, sostenido en un paradigma cuantitativo, con una muestra de 60 clientes distribuidos por dos grupos: 30 control y 30 intervención. Resultados: Bajos niveles de dolor estuvieron presentes en el estudio, con ventajas estadísticamente significativas para los clientes del grupo de intervención, en el momento de la alta y consulta de postoperatorio (p = 0,016 y p = 0,002, respectivamente). Existe un impacto inmediato ventajoso en la saturación de oxígeno después de la realización del programa, (p <0,001, en todos los momentos de evaluación). La frecuencia respiratoria se mantuvo normal, no ocurriendo efectos de la intervención (p> 0,05). Conclusión: La implementación del programa reveló beneficios, sobre todo postoperatorios, con disminución del nivel de dolor y aumento de la saturación de oxígeno. No se tradujeron efectos del programa en la frecuencia respiratoria. Su característica de continuidad en el tiempo trae ventajas para los clientes.Objetivo:  Analisar os efeitos de um programa de reeducação funcional respiratória pré e pós-operatório na dor, frequência respiratória e saturação de oxigénio do cliente submetido a gastrectomia programada. Método: Estudo quase-experimental e longitudinal, sustentado num paradigma quantitativo, com uma amostra de 60 clientes distribuídos por dois grupos: 30 controlo e 30 intervenção. Resultados: Baixos níveis de dor (M<2.07) estiveram presentes no estudo, com vantagens estatisticamente significativas para os clientes do grupo de intervenção, no momento da alta e consulta de pós-operatório (p=0,016 e p=0,002, respetivamente). Existe um impacto imediato vantajoso na saturação de oxigénio após a realização do programa, (p<0,001, em todos os momentos de avaliação). A frequência respiratória manteve-se normal, não se verificando efeitos da intervenção (p>0,05). Conclusão: A implementação do programa revelou benefícios, sobretudo pós-operatórios, com diminuição do nível de dor e aumento da saturação de oxigénio. Não se traduziram efeitos do programa na frequência respiratória. A sua característica de continuidade no tempo traz vantagens para os clientes

Can all Cash Transfers Reduce Inequality?

.Poverty, CCT, Cash Transfers, Inequality

Experimentation with MANETs of Smartphones

Mobile AdHoc NETworks (MANETs) have been identified as a key emerging technology for scenarios in which IEEE 802.11 or cellular communications are either infeasible, inefficient, or cost-ineffective. Smartphones are the most adequate network nodes in many of these scenarios, but it is not straightforward to build a network with them. We extensively survey existing possibilities to build applications on top of ad-hoc smartphone networks for experimentation purposes, and introduce a taxonomy to classify them. We present AdHocDroid, an Android package that creates an IP-level MANET of (rooted) Android smartphones, and make it publicly available to the community. AdHocDroid supports standard TCP/IP applications, providing real smartphone IEEE 802.11 MANET and the capability to easily change the routing protocol. We tested our framework on several smartphones and a laptop. We validate the MANET running off-the-shelf applications, and reporting on experimental performance evaluation, including network metrics and battery discharge rate.Comment: 6 pages, 7 figures, 1 tabl

A Política Nacional de Segurança Pública: histórico, dilemas e perspectivas

This paper describes the successive attempts of formulating and mplementing public security policies through the elaboration of plans in Brazil. It seeks to understand their main movements: advances and retreats, pressures and reactions, as well as the induction and the negotiations that have characterized the recent experience of their several relevant agents. The analyzed period covers both terms of former President Fernando Henrique Cardoso's administration, President Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva's first government and the new proposals announced by the National Public Security and Citizenship Program (Pronasci) in the eighth month of his second term in office. In order to contextualize the assessment of the plans and of the political process involved, the paper analyzes the difficulties derived from the definition of criteria, methods and mechanisms of evaluation and monitoring of public security policies and police performance.O artigo descreve as sucessivas tentativas de formular e implantar políticas de segurança pública, em âmbito nacional, por meio da elaboração de planos, buscando-se compreender seus principais movimentos: avanços e recuos, pressões e reações, a indução e as negociações que marcaram a experiência recente dos diversos atores relevantes. O período coberto corresponde aos dois governos Fernando Henrique Cardoso, ao primeiro mandato do presidente Lula e às novas propostas recentemente anunciadas pelo Programa Nacional de Segurança com Cidadania (Pronasci), no oitavo mês do segundo mandato. Para contextualizar o exame dos planos e do processo político envolvido, são analisadas as dificuldades implicadas na definição de critérios, métodos e mecanismos de avaliação e monitoramento de políticas de segurança pública e da performance policial

Conditional Cash Transfers in Brazil, Chile and Mexico: Impacts upon Inequality

This Working Paper decomposes changes in the Gini coefficient in order to investigate whether Conditional Cash Transfers (CCT) have had an inequality reducing effect in three Latin American countries: Brazil, Mexico and Chile. Its technique is the decomposition of the Gini coefficient by factor components. Its main finding is that CCT programmes helped reduce inequality between the mid-1990s and roughly the mid-2000s. The share of total income represented by the CCTs has been very small: about 0.5 per cent in Mexico and Brazil and a very small 0.01 per cent in Chile. But since their targeting has been outstanding, their equalizing impact was responsible for about 21 per cent of the fall in both the Brazilian and the Mexican Gini index, each of which fell by approximately 2.7 points during the period that this paper reviewed. In Chile the effect was responsible for a 15 per cent reduction in inequality, although the total reduction in inequality was very modest: a mere 0.1 Gini point. The difference was due to the small size of the Chilean programme relative to the larger Mexican and Brazilian programmes.Distribution, Conditional Cash Transfers, Brazil, Chile, Mexico