New Products of the 80s & 90s: the Diffusion of Household Technology in the Decade 1985-1995.

As technology continues to evolve at a rapid pace, it has exerted substantial influence on everyone's lives. Over the years various inventions have made their way into homes and have substantially changed the way people work, rest and play. This paper reviews some of these developments and attempts to estimate the extent of these changes with regard to the introduction of five types of household appliances.TECHNOLOGY ; HOUSEHOLD

Developments and hurdles in generating vaccines for controlling helminth parasites of grazing ruminants

As a direct consequence of rising drug resistance among common nematodes of grazing animals, efforts toward state-of-the- art vaccine development have clearly intensified in recent years, fuelled primarily by the advent of newer technologies in gene discovery, by advancements in antigen identification, characterisation and production. In this regard, it is appropriate to review progress that has been made in generating helminth vaccines and in particular, vaccines against common nematodes of production animals for consumption. In like manner, it is prudent to evaluate barriers that have hindered progress in the past and continue to present obstacles that must be solved when utilizing and depending on host immunity to attenuate parasitic infections

SimHealth: Estimating Small Area Populations Using Deterministic Spatial Microsimulation in Leeds and Bradford.

The increasing prevalence of obesity and type 2 diabetes in recent decades is often cited as a serious public health concern, lowering life expectancy and costing the National Health Service (NHS) billions of pounds each year. However, measuring diabetes prevalence proves challenging; the best estimates are based on the annual Health Survey for England (HSE) and little is currently available at the small area level. Simulation models are increasingly used in health research to predict future prevalence, cost of treatment, provision of care and the possible outcomes of policy intervention. Previous research shows the relevance of this technique in modelling the outcomes of changes in taxation and child benefit policy, or analysing health inequalities. This paper introduces SimHealth, a small-area diabetes prevalence model for Leeds and Bradford, West Yorkshire created as part of a generic model framework. The process of configuring an optimal spatial microsimulation model, building on earlier research, is detailed with the aim of improving and extending existing simulation models

On the averaging principle for one-frequency systems. Seminorm estimates for the error

We extend some previous results of our work [1] on the error of the averaging method, in the one-frequency case. The new error estimates apply to any separating family of seminorms on the space of the actions; they generalize our previous estimates in terms of the Euclidean norm. For example, one can use the new approach to get separate error estimates for each action coordinate. An application to rigid body under damping is presented. In a companion paper [2], the same method will be applied to the motion of a satellite around an oblate planet.Comment: LaTeX, 23 pages, 4 figures. The final version published in Nonlinear Dynamic

Detection of Atmospheric Cherenkov Radiation Using Solar Heliostat Mirrors

The gamma-ray energy region between 20 and 250 GeV is largely unexplored. Ground-based atmospheric Cherenkov detectors offer a possible way to explore this region, but large Cherenkov photon collection areas are needed to achieve low energy thresholds. This paper discusses the development of a Cherenkov detector using the heliostat mirrors of a solar power plant as the primary collector. As part of this development, we built a prototype detector consisting of four heliostat mirrors and used it to record atmospheric Cherenkov radiation produced in extensive air showers created by cosmic ray particles.Comment: 16 latex pages, 8 postscript figures, uses psfig.sty, to be published in Astroparticle Physic

One Dimensional Chain with Long Range Hopping

The one-dimensional (1D) tight binding model with random nearest neighbor hopping is known to have a singularity of the density of states and of the localization length at the band center. We study numerically the effects of random long range (power-law) hopping with an ensemble averaged magnitude \expectation{|t_{ij}|} \propto |i-j|^{-\sigma} in the 1D chain, while maintaining the particle-hole symmetry present in the nearest neighbor model. We find, in agreement with results of position space renormalization group techniques applied to the random XY spin chain with power-law interactions, that there is a change of behavior when the power-law exponent $\sigma$ becomes smaller than 2