Följ med in i läromedlens innehåll : En läromedelsanalys i matematik med fokus på hur räknemetoder inom addition och subtraktion presenteras i årkurs fyra

Research has shown mathematics education is highly dependent on teaching materials. Here mathematics textbooks have a dominant role in Swedish schools. When curriculum determines the content of textbooks, it promotes confidence in both schools and teachers. The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare textbooks using Basil Bernstein’s theoretical concepts of classification, frames and sequencing to investigate how content and structure are connected to the calculation methods of addition and subtraction. The following questions are posed: In what way have the calculation methods of addition and subtraction of the natural and rational numbers been presented in four selected textbooks for grade 4 in Swedish public schools? What are the similarities and differences in content and structure in these teaching materials? The study finds a variety and selection of material presented in the selected textbooks. Consequently, it is important for teachers to take in to consideration the content and structure of a textbook in mathematics to realize its potential in the classroom.

En läromedelsanalys av ämnesspecifika begrepp inom området elektricitet : En undersökning av tre läroböcker i fysik för årkurserna 4-6

Research has shown that science education is highly dependent on the quality of teaching materials. Here science textbooks have a dominant role in Swedish schools. When curriculum determines the content of textbooks, it promotes confidence in both schools and teachers. The purpose of this study is to analyze physics textbooks by using Järnborg’s (2007) theoretical concepts of categorization of the subject-specific words. The following questions are posed: * Which subject-specific concepts are presented in three selected physics textbooks for grade 4-6 in Swedish public schools? * How are these subject-specific concepts presented? The study finds a variety and selection of material presented in the selected textbooks. The results show that physics concepts are introduced through describing the concept by example and through the relation between the new and earlier introduced concepts. Consequently, it is important for teachers to take into consideration the content and structure of a textbook in science in order to realize its potential in the classroo

Cytomorphological Effects of Mitomycin C on Urothelial Cells: Eosinophils May Be Clue to The Drug-Induced Changes

Cytomorphological changes of mitomycin C on urothelial cells may be misinterpreted as a neoplastic process. A 60-year old male patient who was given an eight-week course of intravesical mitomycin C due to non-invasive low grade transitional cell carcinoma. During his follow-up care, the findings of a urine cytology exam were as follows: nuclear enlargement of cells, wrinkled nuclear membranes, little hyperchromasia, pleomorphism, abnormal nuclear morphology and disordered orientation of the urothelium. Furthermore, there were eosinophils nearby the atypical cells. This report aimed at reminding the cytomorphologic changes of mitomycin C may be misinterpreted as carcinoma, so the presence of eosinophils is required to predict the drug-induced changes

Comparison and Evaluation of Lowenstein-Jensen Medium and 2% Ogawa Medium for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis

WOS: 000300746300005PubMed ID: 22399169Accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis is based on the detection of the bacilli in the clinical specimen. The growth of mycobacteria in laboratory media is regarded as the gold standard for diagnosis and use of two different cultivation media, one of them being a liquid one, is recommended. In this study, the diagnostic values of egg-based Lowenstein-Jensen (11) medium used extensively all over the world and Ogawa (2%) medium were compared. A total of 7912 pulmonary and extrapulmonary clinical samples which belonged to 3311 patients with suspected tuberculosis, were enrolled in the National Tuberculosis Reference Laboratory in Refik Saydam National Public Health Agency during 2.5 years (January 2006-June 2008). The samples were processed by modified Petroff method (4% NaOH) for homogenization-decontamination-concentration on the same day and inoculated on two Ogawa and two LJ media. The cultures were incubated at 35-37 degrees C for eight weeks and were controlled on the third day of incubation in terms of contamination. If no contamination were detected, the cultures were incubated for a total of eight weeks with regular weekly controls. The colonies detected in culture media were identified by biochemical tests, including paranitrobenzoic acid (PNB), niacin accumulation and nitrate reduction tests. Those indentified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex were reported as positive. The rates of contamination was 3.1% for Ogawa medium and 4% for 11 medium. Culture results were found positive for 248 patients (7.5%). While 210 of these were positive by both of the media, 20(8.1%) patients were detected positive only by LJ and 18 (7.3%) only by Ogawa medium. The sensitivity of LJ medium was 92.7% (230/248) and of Ogawa medium was 91.9% (228/248). When LJ medium was taken as the reference method, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of Ogawa medium were 91.3%, 99.4%, 92.1% and 99.4%, respectively. It was concluded that, when low price and low contamination rates were taken into consideration, Ogawa medium, used together with a liquid medium + LJ medium, would increase the yield of mycobacteria from single samples (cerebrospinal fluid, biopsy, pus, etc.) sent to the laboratories

Vegetable product containing caseinomacropeptide and germinated seed and sprouts

WOS: 000368039600085PubMed ID: 26788011In this study vegetable product containing germinated seed and sprouts of lentils and cowpeas, and caseinomacropeptide isolated from whey is produced. Three different forms of vegetable product namely puree (VP), freeze-dried (FD) and drum-dried (DD) are produced. Freeze-dried and DD forms are produced to diversify forms of utilization and to improve functionality such as increased shelf life and decreased storage space. Their beneficial effects on health are determined using in vitro methods. All forms displayed antioxidant activities against DPPH radical and oxygen radical, alpha-amylase inhibitory activities, bile acid binding capacities, and angiotension converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activities. Freeze-dried product exhibited the strongest inhibition on alpha-amylase and ACE with the IC50 value 0.09 mu M total phenolic and 0.82 mg protein/g sample, respectively when evaluated on the basis of serving size.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey-TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [110O072]; Ege University Science and Technology Center-EBILTEMEge University [2008/BIL/033]The authors participate in the COST Action FA1005 INFOGEST. The financial support by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey-TUBITAK (Project no: 110O072) and Ege University Science and Technology Center-EBILTEM(Project no: 2008/BIL/033) are gratefully acknowledged

Distribution and Location of Endocrine Cells in the Pancreas of the Sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus

WOS: 000333080000022The distribution and location of endocrine cells were determined in the dorsal, ventral, and splenic lobes of sparrowhawk pancreas using immunohistochemical methods. In this study, pancreatic tissues were stained with anti-insulin, anti-glucagon, anti-somatostatin, anti-gastrin, and anti-serotonin primary antibodies using the streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase method. The results showed that the numbers of glucagon-(alpha cell), insulin-(beta cell), and somatostatin-(delta cell) releasing cells were high and located in the splenic lobe of the pancreas. These endocrine cells were grouped into alpha, beta, and mixed islets. Alpha islets were mainly composed of alpha and delta cells and also occasionally beta cells. Beta islets contained numerous beta cells and a few delta and alpha cells. Furthermore, in the exocrine tissue were showed as only one cell or 2-3 gastrin immunopositive cell groups, whereas serotonin immunopositive cells were not found anywhere in the exocrine and endocrine pancreas. In conclusion, the endocrine islet types, endocrine cell localizations and lobe numbers of pancreas in sparrowhawks are similar to predator bird species, but are determined different to domestic fowls

Epidemia of Tularemia in Central Anatolia

Simsek, Hulya/0000-0001-8636-9033; Celebi, Bekir/0000-0002-4545-5573; GAZYAGCI, SERKAL/0000-0002-0043-6942WOS: 000281052900003Tularemia is a zoonotic disease caused by Francisella tularensis which can be transmitted to humans by tick bites contaminated water handling infected materials and inhalation. The different clinical types are ulceroglandular, glandular, oropharyngeal, oculoglandular, typhoidal and pneumonic tularemia. Streptomycin and tetracycline are commonly used to treat this infection. In this study approched other patients after the suspected tularemia patient attended to Kirikkale University, Faculty of Medicine with the servical mass complaint at January 2010. To find the reservoir for tularemia, laboratory research was carried on the mice. suspected to be infected with Francisella tularensis in the town of infection

Phosphorus-nitrogen compounds. Part 35. Syntheses, spectroscopic and electrochemical properties, and antituberculosis, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities of mono-ferrocenyl-spirocyclotetraphosphazenes

Aydin, Betul/0000-0002-9092-1350; okumus, aytug/0000-0002-2169-5695; Hokelek, Tuncer/0000-0002-8602-4382; Simsek, Hulya/0000-0001-8636-9033WOS: 000378508900089The reactions of octachlorocyclotetraphosphazene, N4P4Cl8, with N-alkyl-N-mono-ferrocenyldiamines, FcCH(2)NH(CH2)(n)NHR1 [n = 2, Fc = ferrocene, R-1 = Me (1); n = 2, R-1 = Et (2) and n = 3, R-1 = Me (3)], led to the formation of monoferrocenyl-spirocyclotetraphosphazenes (4-6). When the reactions were carried out with excess pyrrolidine, morpholine and 1,4-dioxa-8-azaspiro[4,5] decane (DASD), the fully substituted products (4a-6c) were obtained in high yields. The structures of all the phosphazene derivatives were characterized by MS, FTIR, H-1, C-13 and P-31 NMR, HSQC and HMBC techniques. The crystal structures of 4a and 5a were determined by X-ray crystallography. The electrochemically reversible one-electron oxidation of Fc redox centers was observed for cyclotetraphosphazenes. The fully substituted phosphazenes (4a-6c) were evaluated for their antituberculosis activity against reference strain Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv, and compounds 4a-6a and 5c were found to be active. The antibacterial activities of phosphazenes 4a-6c against G(+) and G(-) bacteria and their antifungal activities against yeast strains were carefully scrutinized. The results indicate that compounds 4a-6a, 6b, 4c and 5c are very effective against yeast strains. The anticandidal activities of 6a and 6b make them promising anticandidal agents. The interactions of these compounds with plasmid DNA and their cytotoxic activity against L929 fibroblast and DLD-1 colon cancer cell lines were also investigated.Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA)Turkish Academy of SciencesThe author Z. K. thanks Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) for partial support of this work

Body Mass Index below Obesity Threshold Implies Similar Cardiovascular Risk among Various Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Phenotypes

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the cardiometabolic risk factors in different polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) phenotypes. Subjects and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed between 2010 and 2011. Eighty-nine patients with PCOS and 25 age- and weight-matched healthy controls were included in the study. Patients were grouped using the Rotterdam 2003 criteria as: group 1, oligomenorrhea and/or anovulation (ANOV) and hyperandrogenemia (HA) and/or hyperandrogenism (n = 23); group 2, ANOV and polycystic ovaries (PCO; n = 22); group 3, HA and PCO (n = 22); group 4, ANOV, HA and PCO (n = 22); group 5, controls (n = 25). Laboratory blood tests for diagnosis and cardiometabolic risk assessments were performed. Insulin resistance (IR) was calculated in all patients with the homeostasis model assessment of IR (HOMA-IR) formula. An euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp test was performed on 5 randomly selected cases in each subgroup, making 25 cases in total, and indicated as the 'M' value (mg/kg/min), which is the total body glucose disposal rate. Results: The mean BMl values of the groups were: group 1, 26.1 +/- 5.3; group 2, 27.9 +/- 5.2; group 3, 24.3 +/- 4.2; group 4, 27.9 +/- 7.5; group 5, 24.7 +/- 5.2 (p > 0.05). There were no differences in the lipid profile, plasma glucose, HOMA-IR, insulin and M values between the groups (p > 0.05). Phenotypes with oligomenorrhea/anovulation (groups 1, 2 and 4) were more obese than group 3 (p = 0.039). Conclusions: The cardiometabolic risk profile was similar among the PCOS subgroups. This finding could be attributed to the mean BMl values, which, being below 30, were not within the obesity range. Obesity appeared to be an important determinant of high cardiovascular risk in PCOS. (C) 2015 S. Karger AG, Base