Occupational diseases among agricultural workers in the Russian Federation: review of statistical data

ArticleThe aim of the study is to analyze the epidemiological situation of occupational diseases among agricultural workers in Russia. To address this task, the analysis of occupational diseases incidence was carried out. Conclusions.For the last decades the proportion of rural working population in Russia is gradually decreasing, but remains noticeably higher than in other industrialized countries. There is a huge difference between entities of the Russian Federation in occupational illnesses incidence rates among agriculture workers, which can be explained by: (a) the distinction of health care availability; (b) lack of occupational physicians in rural areas; (c) the high level of the incidence of non-communicable diseases, which can disguise occupational illnesses among agricultural workers. The improvement of the health care regulatory legal framework, development of evidence-based clinical practice guidelines, quality improvement in postgraduate education of medical doctors in rural areas, increasing in the number of occupational health physicians in rural areas, and implementation of long-term health promotion programs are necessary in order to maintain the heath of agricultural workers in the Russian Federation. This list of priority measures is not sufficient, as it highlights only the main issues in the field of occupational health

The model of quality assessment of a scientific and educational network performance

The relevance of the studied problem is caused by the fact that now the creation need of transparent and objective models and mechanisms of educational quality assessment of the organizations with participation of professional communities, public organizations, and other interested parties is realized. The purpose of the publication consists in the model development of quality assessment of s scientific and educational network performance in the form of external audit. The system approach connected with representation, studying and designing of object as systems, sets of its interconnected structural and functional components, including in relation to research of the pedagogical phenomena and systems acts as the leading approach to research of this problem. The model of quality assessment of the scientific and educational network performance in the form of external audit is presented. Materials of the article can be useful while carrying out an independent assessment of current state and dynamics definition of the development of participants’ activity of network interaction (conditions, processes, results). © 2016 Tkacheva, Simonova & Matveev

Integration of pedagogical and technological knowledge in forming meta-competencies of a modern worker

The relevance of the problem under study is based on the society, economy and job market’s demand for workers who possess meta-competencies: comprehensive knowledge, free and critical thinking, readiness for using personal approach in work and establishing the strategy of professional and personal development, as well as capacity for self-actualization. The purpose of the article is to study the technology of forming future workers’ meta-competencies by integrating pedagogical and production tasks. Leading method for studying this problem is modelling and integrating pedagogical and production processes allowing to fully consider the technology of modern worker’s training as regards forming of meta-competencies. The article presents a model of forming meta-competencies in modern worker’s training. The article can be useful for supervisors, mentors and teachers who participate in training modern workers. © 2016 Sopegina et al

Tailoring the gradient ultrafine-grained structure in low-carbon steel during drawing with shear

Conventional drawing and drawing with shear were conducted on the rods of low-carbon steel. Deformation by simple drawing forms basically a homogenous structure and leads to a uniform change in microhardness along the billet volume. A comparative analysis of the models of these processes showed that shear drawing of steel at room temperature reduces energy characteristics in half, normal forces on the die – by 1,8, and enhances the strain intensity from 0,5 to 1,6. During drawing with shear, strain-induced cementite dissolution occurs and a gradient structure is formed, which increases the microhardness of the surface layer up to values close to 7 000 MPa

Application of Radiation Technologies for Quality Improvement of LEDs Based upon AlGaAs

The investigation results of the radiation resistance and reliability of light-emitting diodes (LEDs) based upon AlGaAs are presented. The radiation model and the reliability model are described for LEDs. Preliminary irradiation by gamma-quanta and fast neutrons makes it possible to improve the radiation resistance and reliability of the LEDs during further operation. Based on the developed models, radiation technologies are proposed, and the use of which allows increasing the service properties of the LEDs. The suggested technologies can be used for other types of semiconductor devices

Pedagogical support components of students’ social adaptation

© 2016 by author/s.The urgency of the problem stated in the article is caused by the need of pedagogical support of students’ social adaptation on the basis of systematicity, which is achieved if we correctly define the components of the process. The aim of the article is to determine the pedagogical support components of students’ social adaptation. The leading approach underlying the research is a system-based synergetic approach. The selection of components and their layout was carried out on the system-based synergetic approach, mainly from the standpoint of classical theory of systems. The pedagogical support of students’ social adaptation includes theoretical and methodological, information-analytical, content-related, technological, management and expert components. The content of each component used in the process of pedagogical support offered in the article ensures the effectiveness of the professional work of teachers, who support students' social adaptation. The data of the article are of theoretical and practical importance for researchers in the sphere of social adaptation of personality, and also for education professionals, who realize the pedagogical support of students’ social adaptation in practice

PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSONALITY CHARACTERISTICS OF OIL AND GAS PRODUCTION SHIFT WORKERS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF METEOREACTION IN ARCTIC REGION CONDITIONS

The article is devoted to the definition of the psychological characteristics of oil and gas shift workers with high and low levels at meteoreaction in the Arctic. The oil and gas employees in conditions of the Far North and the Arctic are most likely to develop painful meteosensitivity. At the same time, the severity of it is caused by not only natural environmental factors, but also the person's psychological qualities and characteristics. The study was conducted as the scientific expedition, in which 70 oil and gas workers in the Nenets Autonomous Okrug participated from March to April 2015 (shift duration - 30 days), their age - from 24 to 60 years (mean age 38.46 ± 1.410). The study was conducted through questionnaires, psychological tests. Statistical analysis was performed using the methods of descriptive statistics and stepwise discriminant analysis. Processing was carried out using SPSS 22.00 software package. The study revealed that employees of oil and gas companies with a high level of situational meteoreaction had hyperthymic and excitable types of character accentuations, high level expression of constructive external self-limiting and constructive sexuality, as well as a low level of expression of the destructive and deficiency aggression, deficit anxiety, destructive inner self-limitation, destructive narcissism and sexuality

Правосубъектность ребенка: актуализация возможностей и их ограничения

The subject of this research is the concept of a child’s legal capacity in an interdisciplinary context and the validity of various approaches for determining the essence and scope of a child’s legal capacity in terms of Russian public and private legislation and to provide suggestions for improvement.Methodology: The authors’ general research methods for cognition are: analysis, synthesis, and abstraction. This research is also based on legal acts and judicial practice, as well as on the opinions of scientists.Results: On the one hand, differentiations in terms of the essence, structure and scope of a child’s legal capacity within the branches of Russian law are justified according to the specifics of their subject and methods of legal regulation. On the other hand, the differences in approaches presented in them, especially according to age criterion, are far from universally justified, and this is especially characteristic of the active component of legal personality – or legal capacity. Thus, 14 and 16 are the ages of legal capacity in terms of constitutional law; 6, 14 and 16 for civil law; 14, 15 and 16 for labour law; 15 for medical law; 10, 14, 15, 16 for family law; etc. The law on education does not indicate any age benchmarks, being oriented towards the school education periods. At the same time, the lower boundaries of ‘minimal legal capacity’ are established only for the sake of civil legal relations and administrative and criminal liability. In other cases, in the assessment of a child’s ability to make legally significant decisions, the law enforcement officer considers a child’s individual psychological characteristics. Typically this approach proves to be correct. Psychological data indicate the development of an acceptable level of cognitive ability by the age of 12; therefore, the formally enshrined concept of child consent to certain legally significant acts beginning at the age of 10 requires discussion and possible adjustment. The ages of 14 and 16 as starting points for basic elements of the legal capacity (legal personality) are reasonable and must be applied systematically; other intermediate solutions are not justified. In terms of a generally correct decision with regard to the moment when the age of legal capacity begins, it would be reasonable to correlate this with the protection of a child’s interests before his/her birth. There is no unified approach to understanding a child’s ability to perform legal duties: in civil law such ability is denied, while in other legal spheres it exists. As for family law, it should be assimilated into the general group. Conclusions: the concept of a child’s legal capacity requires systematization and enhancement as a prerequisite for a reasonable and justified arrangement of children's world – both within the family and in the public sphere.Исследуются актуальные правовые аспекты содержания правосубъектности ребенка различных возрастных категорий, прежде всего его дееспособности, относительно сущности и дифференциации объема которой имеются далеко не всегда обоснованные различия в отраслях российского законодательства – частных и публичных. Анализируется значение нормативно-правовых предписаний об охране его интересов до рождения. На основе обобщения норм различных отраслей российского и зарубежного законодательства, наделяющих ребенка определенными юридическими обязанностями, выявляется необходимость включения данной конструкции и в семейное законодательство. Выводы подкрепляются данными психологической доктрины об особенностях развития ребенка в зависимости от возраста и иных факторов

Влияние функциональной взаимосвязи понятия, образа и действия на процесс решения междисциплинарных технологически ориентированных задач

This article studies the influence of the methods used by students to solve tasks on the effectiveness of the learning process based on their analysis. The study has revealed that mastering the combined method based on the functional relationship between concept, image and action in the process of solving interdisciplinary technological tasks is one of the mechanisms of effective preparation of students for professional activity in the labour market of related professions.En este artículo, basado en un análisis de los métodos utilizados por los estudiantes para resolver problemas, se investiga su influencia en la efectividad del proceso de aprendizaje. En el curso del estudio, se reveló que el dominio del método combinado, basado en la relación funcional del concepto, la imagen y la acción, en el proceso de resolución de problemas tecnológicos interdisciplinarios es uno de los mecanismos para la preparación efectiva de los estudiantes para actividades profesionales en el contexto de la aparición de profesiones relacionadas en el mercado laboral.В данной статье на основе анализа используемых обучающимися способов решения задач исследуется их влияние на результативность процесса обучения. В процессе исследования выявлено, что владение комбинированным способом, основанном на функциональной взаимосвязи понятия, образа и действия, в процессе решения междисциплинарных технологических задач выступает одним из механизмов эффективной подготовки обучающихся к профессиональной деятельности в условиях появления на рынке труда смежных профессий