Let them speak for themselves: reports from professionals about their experiences in therapeutic residency training

Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, realizada no Serviço de Residências Terapêuticas do município de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, cujo objetivo foi conhecer quais as dificuldades enfrentadas pelos profissionais na prática de cuidado delineada a partir do referido serviço e identificar quais são as perspectivas por eles apontadas para os(as) moradores(as). Para a coleta de dados, utilizou-se roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada aplicado a dez profissionais, registro em diário de campo e observação sistemática. Verificou-se que as principais dificuldades enfrentadas são de base estrutural, insuficiência de recursos humanos e/ ou falta de capacitação e de apoio social. A reinserção social, a inserção no mundo do trabalho e a autonomia são as expectativas apontadas pelos profissionais. Diante dos resultados, pode-se afirmar que, apesar das dificuldades vivenciadas, é possível ver avanços, como a autonomia de alguns moradores. Todavia, por ser um serviço recente, precisa, constantemente, ser avaliado.This paper deals with qualitative research conducted in the Therapeutic Residency Service in the municipality of Campina Grande, State of Paraíba, Brazil, the objective being to ascertain the difficulties encountered by the professionals in the healthcare practices defined by the aforementioned service and identify the prospects identified by them for the residents. A semi-structured interview routine was conducted with ten professionals for the data collection, along with analysis of field records and systematic observation. The main difficulties faced are of a structural nature, namely lack of human resources and/or training and social support. Social reintegration, insertion in the workplace and autonomy are the expectations singled out by the professionals. In light of the results, it can be affirmed that, in spite of the difficulties experienced, it is possible to see progress, such as the autonomy of some residents. Nevertheless, as it is a recent service, it needs to be constantly evaluated

Las prácticas de cuidados ofrecidos en el servicio de residencias terapéuticas: recorriendo los caminos de retorno a la sociedad

Esta pesquisa objetivou buscar a visão dos profissionais do Serviço de Residências Terapêuticas, sobre a prática de cuidado produzida neste dispositivo de atenção à saúde mental. Para isso, optou-se pela abordagem qualitativa, exploratória e analítica. Os instrumentos para a coleta de dados foram: formulário de observação sistemática, diário de campo e roteiro de entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com 10 profissionais atuantes nas residências. Como resultado, foi encontrado que o cuidado na moradia se dá de modo mais humanizado, valorizando a singularidade dos moradores, seus valores e crenças, tentando (re)estabelecer as relações sociais dos indivíduos e estimulá-los para a prática do autocuidado. Percebe-se que esse modo de atenção vem alcançando uma (re)cidadanização e valorização da vida dos sofredores psíquicos.The objective of this exploratory study was to understand the perspective of professionals working at assisted living facilities about the healthcare practices performed in the mental health service. Data collection was performed using an observation form, field journal, and a semi-structured interview script, which was conducted with 10 professionals working at the facilities. It was found that the care provided at the facility was humanized and valued the uniqueness of the individuals living there, as well as their values and beliefs, seeking to (re)establish the individuals' social relationships and encourage them towards self-care. It is observed that this form of care has been achieving (re)socialization and valuing the lives of those experiencing psychic distress.Esta investigación objetivó buscar la perspectiva de los profesionales del Servicio de Residencias Terapéuticas, sobre la práctica del cuidado ofrecida en este dispositivo de atención a la salud mental. Para esto, se optó por el abordaje cualitativo, exploratorio y analítico. Los instrumentos para la recolección de datos fueron: formulario de observación sistemática, diario de campo y guión de entrevista semiestructurada, realizada con 10 profesionales actuantes en las residencias. Como resultado, fue encontrado que el cuidado en la residencia se ofrece de modo más humanizado, valorizando la singularidad de los residentes, sus valores y creencias, tratando de (re)establecer las relaciones sociales de los individuos y estimularlos para practicar el auto cuidado. Se percibe que ese modo de atención viene alcanzando una (re)ciudadanización y valorización de la vida de los que sufren psíquicamente

Depressão pós-parto: um problema latente

Procedeu-se a uma revisão sistemática acerca da depressão pós-parto (DPP), objetivando verificar como a temática vem sendo abordada e a presença de enfermeiros envolvidos nos estudos. A busca dos artigos foi realizada na Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. Foram localizados 106 artigos: 60, na MEDLINE; 28, na LILACS, e 18, na SciELO. Delimitaram-se como amostra os trabalhos cujos textos estavam, na íntegra, hospedados na SciELO. Dos artigos localizados, dois são de autoria de enfermeiros. Evidenciou-se que a produção científica está presente nos cinco continentes do mundo, apresentando predominância da abordagem quantitativa, com foco na incidência e na prevalência, fatores associados e tratamento da DPP. Percebe-se que a DPP é um problema que acomete uma quantidade cada vez maior de mulheres no puerpério, demandando pesquisas que possam instruir diagnóstico, terapêutica e cuidado de enfermagem a esta síndrome

Influência da atividade física na composição corporal de adolescentes

The aim of this study was to estimate the influence of physical activities on body composition of adolescents aged between 12 and 15 years old from public and private schools. The survey included 496 individuals – 248 males and 248 females – and the anthropometric characteristics measured were weight and height, which were used to calculate body mass index (BMI). A questionnaire was applied to investigate the type of physical activity practiced for them, the time spent on that practice during the week, as well as the time spent playing games, watching television, and using computers in order to evaluate further influences in the youths´ body build-up. Another factor investigated in the study was the existence of obese relatives and their relationship with the subjects. The obesity prevalence found was 16.3% (n=40) in private schools, and 6.8% (n=17) in public schools detected through BMI (a reference for estimating the body mass index). The study shows that there is some controversy on the results obtained through both BMI and the fat percentage, which implies that it is necessary to evaluate the approach adopted in the measurement of obesity in adolescents. Also, it points out that the physical activities just became significant when practiced for more than two hours a day and that it leads us to believe in their importance in schools.O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar a influência da atividade física na composição corporal de adolescentes das redes pública e particular de ensino, na faixa etária de 12 a 15 anos. A amostra foi de 496 adolescentes, sendo 248 do sexo feminino e 248 do sexo masculino. As medidas antropométricas avaliadas foram: massa corporal (peso) e estatura, para o cálculo do Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC). Incluiu-se um questionário sobre o tipo de atividade física praticada e o tempo gasto semanalmente durante essa prática, e o tempo gasto em outras atividades como: televisão, computador e games, no sentido de se avaliar outras influências na composição corporal dos adolescentes. Investigou-se, também, a presença de parentes obesos e sua relação com os investigados. A prevalência de obesidade encontrada foi de 16,3% (n=40) nas escolas particulares, e de 6,8% (n=17), nas escolas públicas, detectada através do IMC. Observou-se, ainda, que a atividade física só apresentou significância quando praticada mais de duas horas diárias, o que nos leva a crer a importância de se repensar a educação física no âmbito escolar

Beyond bars and punishments: a systematic review of prison health

A systematic review of scientific production on Prison Health was conducted, seeking to verify how the subject matter has been dealt with, establishing which is the most exploited focus and identifying possible gaps. The search was carried out in the Virtual Health Library. 1160 articles were located: 1104 on MEDLINE, 19 on LILACS and 37 on SciELO, published from 1993 to 2010. As MEDLINE and LILACS do not show the entire articles, the places, dates and languages of the texts were charted. In-depth analysis was restricted to works which were shown in their entirety and free of charge hosted on SciELO. It revealed that scientific production is present all over the world with a predominantly quantitative approach. It focuses on identifying the socio-demographic profile and health conditions of prisoners, the incidence of tuberculosis, Human Immunodeficiency and Hepatitis C virus infections. There is a predominance of studies carried out with male prisoners, in comparison with the female sex. It is clear that prisoner health is a public health problem on the rise, which demands research that can orient health policies and strategies

Mapping the morbidity and mortality of Chagas disease in an endemic area in Brazil

Chagas disease is among the 21 neglected diseases according to the World Health Organization. This study aimed to investigate the morbidity and mortality distribution of Chagas disease for identifying areas with greater prevalences and deaths of the disease in Northeast Brazil. A population-based ecological study was performed from 2016 to 2018 using data on acute Chagas disease patients from the Disease Notification Information System, chronic cases from the Chagas Disease and the referral Heart Failure Outpatient Clinic in Pernambuco, and Chagas disease-related mortality from the Mortality Information System. The unit of analysis were Pernambuco State mesoregions. The indicators were spatialized into thematic maps on the occurrence and mortality of the disease per 100,000 inhabitants. No cases of acute disease were reported in the period analyzed. Data on 801 chronic Chagas disease patients were analyzed. The population showed an average age of 62 years, with female predominance. The most prevalent comorbidity was systemic arterial hypertension and cardiologic involvement without ventricular dysfunction. The average chronic disease occurrence rate was 3.2/ 100,000 people/ year. As for deaths in the mortality system; in total, 350 deaths were recorded, showing male predominance, age ≥ 60 years, and chronic disease with cardiac involvement as the main mortality cause. The annual average mortality proportion was 1.6/100,000 people. The chronic case distribution showed spatial heterogeneity, with the highest rates of chronic disease and deaths observed in two mesoregions, with the main cause of death being heart-related. This highlights the need for more specialized services in areas with higher burden of the disease to avoid delay in the patients’ care

General anesthetics in children: neurotoxic or neuroprotective?

Introduction: general anesthetics are involved in neuroprotection in adults after ischemic events and cognitive impairment, thus, they also may be associated with learning disorders in children exposed to them before three years of age. Objective: Describe about the neurotoxic effects of general anesthetics in experimental animals and children. Method: This is a systematic review, performed from search in databases and on PubMed using the keywords "neurotoxicity" and "general anesthetics," and "general anesthetics," "neurotoxicity", "children", "young child "and" pediatric ". Results: The search resulted in 185 articles. Out of these, 78 met our inclusion criteria. We found that there was a significant evidence of neurotoxicity induced by general anesthetics in experimental animals that were just born, resulting in late and permanent cognitive deficits. This effect was associated with multiple exposures, exposure length of time and combination of drugs. However, some studies found cognitive impairment after a single exposure to anesthetic. Conclusion: There is insufficient evidence to state that general anesthetics are neurotoxic and have the potential to trigger learning and behavior disabilities in children. However, we suggest caution in indicating surgery in children under three years old, analyzing risk-benefit and inserting the family in the decision process.   Keywords: Neurotoxicity; Neuroprotection; Cognitive Impairment; Children; General Anesthesics     &nbsp

Characterization of beta-thalassemia mutations in patients from the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil

35 unrelated individuals were studied for characterization as either heterozygous or homozygous for beta-thalassemia. Molecular analysis was done by PCR/RFLP to detect the mutations most commonly associated with beta-thalassemia (β0IVS-I-1, β+IVS-I-6, and β039). In the patients who showed none of these mutations, the beta-globin genes were sequenced. Of the 31 heterozygous patients, 13 (41.9%) had the β+IVS-I-6 mutation, 15 (48.4%) the β0IVS-I-1 mutation, 2 (6.5%) the β+IVS-I-110 mutation and 1 (3.2%) the β+IVS-I-5 mutation. IVS-I-6 was detected in the four homozygotes. The mutation in codon 39, often found in previous studies in Brazil, was not detected in the present case. This is the first study aiming at identifying mutations that determine beta-thalassemia in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.425428Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq