A promoção da saúde pelas ondas do rádio: um foco na propaganda de medicamentos

This article refers to the reporting experience developed in partnership among the Na-tional Agency for Sanitary Surveillance, Sanitary Surveillance of Juiz de Fora city − MG and Faculty of Pharmacy of the Federal University of Juiz de Fora involving radio commu-nicators, health professionals and academics to reflect and discuss on the Rational Use of Drugs. Fields of Health, Communication and Education have joined together to work towards a common interest. The high frequency of misleading advertisements of drugs has contributed to self-medication. Through the creation of the project “Health promo-tion through radio waves” we aimed, through a symposium, mobilize local radio stations, in order to reduce the rate of irregular drug advertisements broadcast by this medium. The symposium was attended by 159 participants, divided into the following categories: 102 students, 26 health professionals, media professionals and 5 participants classified in other categories. We found that the primary target audience, broadcasters, had poor adhesion pointing to the need for new strategies to mobilize this category. This initiative will favorably influence the Sanitary Surveillance’s reality transformation by means of health promotion and decreasing the sanitary risk generated by drug advertising in radio.Este trabalho refere-se à experiência desenvolvida em parceria com a Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária, Vigilância Sanitária Municipal de Juiz de Fora − MG e Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, envolvendo radiocomunicadores, profissionais e acadêmicos da saúde para reflexão e discussão sobre o Uso Racional de Medicamentos. Os campos da Saúde, da Comunicação e da Educação se integraram para reunir esforços em prol de um interesse comum. A alta frequência de propagan-das enganosas de medicamentos tem contribuído para a automedicação. Através da criação do projeto “A promoção da saúde pelas ondas do rádio” buscamos, mediante a realização de seminário, a mobilização das emissoras de rádio locais, objetivando reduzir o índice de propagandas irregulares de medicamentos veiculados por esse meio de comunicação. O seminário contou com 159 participantes, distribuídos nas seguintes categorias: 102 estudantes, 26 profissionais de saúde, 5 profissionais de comunicação e 5 participantes enquadrados em outras categorias. Verificamos que o público alvo princi-pal − os radialistas − demonstrou pouca adesão, apontando para a necessidade de novas estratégias de mobilização da categoria que, a partir da consciência sanitária adquirida, atuará como promotora da saúde e contribuirá para reduzir o risco sanitário gerado pela propaganda de medicamentos no rádio

Avaliação da atividade antiviral do extrato de Mikania glomerata Sprengel (guaco)

Herpes is an infectious disease transmitted by type I (HSV-1) and type II (HSV-2) herpes simplex virus. The disease is characterized by the appearance of cold sores (HSV-1) and genital lesions (HSV-2). Mikania glomerata Sprengel (guaco) specie is a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family and is widely used in folk medicine. Coumarin, present in guaco leaves, have biological activity, such as decritas, antiedematogênica and bronchodilator effects spasmolytics. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral effect of M. glomerata extract against the HSV-1 and HSV-2. It is noteworthy the promising potential of using guaco extract in the treatment of herpesvirus infections, since no published reports showing the activity of Mikania glomerata Sprengel against HSV-1 and HSV-2 herpesviruses were found. Cytotoxicity assessments of guaco dry extract and coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) standard were performed in Vero cells culture (African green monkey‘s kidney cells) by observing morphology and viability. Based on this test, the maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC) was determined. Subtoxic concentrations of guaco dry extract and 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one coumarin were employed to assess the anti-HSV-1 and HSV-2 activity by observing the reduction of viral titer. The results were expressed as percentage inhibition (PI). Guaco dry extract showed inhibitory activity against HSV-1 (PI=87.7%) and HSV-2 (PI=92.7%) viruses. The 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one coumarin standard was inactive against HSV-2 virus, but showed antiviral activity against HSV-1 virus (PI=68.4%). These results demonstrated the presence of other metabolites in the guaco dry extract that, either alone or in synergism, contributed to the higher antiviral activity. It is suggested to incorporate this extract in topical formulations for the purpose of provide an alternative treatment for herpetic infections.O herpes é uma doença infecciosa, transmitida pelo vírus herpes simplex tipo I (HSV-1) e tipo II (HSV-2). A doença é caracterizada pelo aparecimento de lesões labiais (HSV-1) e genitais (HSV-2). A espécie Mikania glomerata Sprengel (guaco) é uma planta pertencente à família Asteraceae e muito utilizada na medicina popular. A cumarina, presente nas folhas de guaco, apresentam atividades biológicas decritas, tais como broncodilatadora, antiedematogênica e efeitos espasmolíticos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito antiviral de extrato de M. glomerata contra o HSV-1 e HSV-2. Vale ressaltar o potencial promissor do uso do extrato seco de guaco e da cumarina 1,2-benzopirona no tratamento de infecções herpéticas, uma vez que não foi encontrado na literatura nenhum trabalho mostrando a atividade da Mikania glomerata Sprengel frente aos herpesvírus HSV-1 e HSV-2. As avaliações da citotoxicidade do extrato seco de guaco e do padrão cumarina (1,2-benzopirona) foram realizadas em culturas de células Vero (células de rim de macaco verde Africano) mediante a observação das alterações da morfologia e da viabilidade. A partir deste teste, determinou-se a concentração máxima não tóxica (CMNC). Foram utilizadas as concentrações subtóxicas do extrato seco de guaco e da cumarina 1,2-benzopirona para avaliar as atividades anti-HSV-1 e HSV-2 mediante observação da redução do título viral. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagem de inibição (PI). O extrato seco de guaco apresentou atividade inibitória contra o vírus HSV- 1 (PI= 87,7%) e HSV-2 (PI= 92,7%). O padrão cumarina 1,2-benzopirona foi inativo contra o vírus HSV-2, mas apresentou atividade antiviral frente ao vírus HSV-1 (PI= 68,4%). Esses resultados evidenciaram a presença de outros metabólitos presentes no extrato seco de guaco que, isoladamente ou em sinergismo, contribuíram para a maior atividade antiviral. Sugere-se a incorporação deste extrato em formulações tópicas com a finalidade de proporcionar um tratamento alternativo para as infecções herpéticas.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio

Avaliação da atividade antiviral do extrato de Mikania glomerata Sprengel (guaco)

O herpes é uma doença infecciosa, transmitida pelo vírus herpes simplex tipo I (HSV-1) e tipo II (HSV-2). A doença é caracterizada pelo aparecimento de lesões labiais (HSV-1) e genitais (HSV-2). A espécie Mikania glomerata Sprengel (guaco) é uma planta pertencente à família Asteraceae e muito utilizada na medicina popular. A cumarina, presente nas folhas de guaco, apresentam atividades biológicas decritas, tais como broncodilatadora, antiedematogênica e efeitos espasmolíticos. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito antiviral de extrato de M. glomerata contra o HSV-1 e HSV-2. Vale ressaltar o potencial promissor do uso do extrato seco de guaco e da cumarina 1,2-benzopirona no tratamento de infecções herpéticas, uma vez que não foi encontrado na literatura nenhum trabalho mostrando a atividade da Mikania glomerata Sprengel frente aos herpesvírus HSV-1 e HSV-2. As avaliações da citotoxicidade do extrato seco de guaco e do padrão cumarina (1,2-benzopirona) foram realizadas em culturas de células Vero (células de rim de macaco verde Africano) mediante a observação das alterações da morfologia e da viabilidade. A partir deste teste, determinou-se a concentração máxima não tóxica (CMNC). Foram utilizadas as concentrações subtóxicas do extrato seco de guaco e da cumarina 1,2-benzopirona para avaliar as atividades anti-HSV-1 e HSV-2 mediante observação da redução do título viral. Os resultados foram expressos em porcentagem de inibição (PI). O extrato seco de guaco apresentou atividade inibitória contra o vírus HSV- 1 (PI= 87,7%) e HSV-2 (PI= 92,7%). O padrão cumarina 1,2-benzopirona foi inativo contra o vírus HSV-2, mas apresentou atividade antiviral frente ao vírus HSV-1 (PI= 68,4%). Esses resultados evidenciaram a presença de outros metabólitos presentes no extrato seco de guaco que, isoladamente ou em sinergismo, contribuíram para a maior atividade antiviral. Sugere-se a incorporação deste extrato em formulações tópicas com a finalidade de proporcionar um tratamento alternativo para as infecções herpéticas.Herpes is an infectious disease transmitted by type I (HSV-1) and type II (HSV-2) herpes simplex virus. The disease is characterized by the appearance of cold sores (HSV-1) and genital lesions (HSV-2). Mikania glomerata Sprengel (guaco) specie is a plant belonging to the Asteraceae family and is widely used in folk medicine. Coumarin, present in guaco leaves, have biological activity, such as decritas, antiedematogênica and bronchodilator effects spasmolytics. This study aimed to evaluate the antiviral effect of M. glomerata extract against the HSV-1 and HSV-2. It is noteworthy the promising potential of using guaco extract in the treatment of herpesvirus infections, since no published reports showing the activity of Mikania glomerata Sprengel against HSV-1 and HSV-2 herpesviruses were found. Cytotoxicity assessments of guaco dry extract and coumarin (2H-1-benzopyran-2-one) standard were performed in Vero cells culture (African green monkey‘s kidney cells) by observing morphology and viability. Based on this test, the maximum non-toxic concentration (MNTC) was determined. Subtoxic concentrations of guaco dry extract and 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one coumarin were employed to assess the anti-HSV-1 and HSV-2 activity by observing the reduction of viral titer. The results were expressed as percentage inhibition (PI). Guaco dry extract showed inhibitory activity against HSV-1 (PI=87.7%) and HSV-2 (PI=92.7%) viruses. The 2H-1-benzopyran-2-one coumarin standard was inactive against HSV-2 virus, but showed antiviral activity against HSV-1 virus (PI=68.4%). These results demonstrated the presence of other metabolites in the guaco dry extract that, either alone or in synergism, contributed to the higher antiviral activity. It is suggested to incorporate this extract in topical formulations for the purpose of provide an alternative treatment for herpetic infections

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS: a data set of bird morphological traits from the Atlantic forests of South America

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS

Scientists have long been trying to understand why the Neotropical region holds the highest diversity of birds on Earth. Recently, there has been increased interest in morphological variation between and within species, and in how climate, topography, and anthropogenic pressures may explain and affect phenotypic variation. Because morphological data are not always available for many species at the local or regional scale, we are limited in our understanding of intra- and interspecies spatial morphological variation. Here, we present the ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS, a data set that includes measurements of up to 44 morphological traits in 67,197 bird records from 2,790 populations distributed throughout the Atlantic forests of South America. This data set comprises information, compiled over two centuries (1820–2018), for 711 bird species, which represent 80% of all known bird diversity in the Atlantic Forest. Among the most commonly reported traits are sex (n = 65,717), age (n = 63,852), body mass (n = 58,768), flight molt presence (n = 44,941), molt presence (n = 44,847), body molt presence (n = 44,606), tail length (n = 43,005), reproductive stage (n = 42,588), bill length (n = 37,409), body length (n = 28,394), right wing length (n = 21,950), tarsus length (n = 20,342), and wing length (n = 18,071). The most frequently recorded species are Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 1,837), Turdus albicollis (n = 1,658), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 1,468), Turdus leucomelas (n = 1,436), and Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 1,384). The species recorded in the greatest number of sampling localities are Basileuterus culicivorus (n = 243), Trichothraupis melanops (n = 242), Chiroxiphia caudata (n = 210), Platyrinchus mystaceus (n = 208), and Turdus rufiventris (n = 191). ATLANTIC BIRD TRAITS (ABT) is the most comprehensive data set on measurements of bird morphological traits found in a biodiversity hotspot; it provides data for basic and applied research at multiple scales, from individual to community, and from the local to the macroecological perspectives. No copyright or proprietary restrictions are associated with the use of this data set. Please cite this data paper when the data are used in publications or teaching and educational activities. © 2019 The Authors. Ecology © 2019 The Ecological Society of Americ

NEOTROPICAL XENARTHRANS: a data set of occurrence of xenarthran species in the Neotropics

Xenarthrans—anteaters, sloths, and armadillos—have essential functions for ecosystem maintenance, such as insect control and nutrient cycling, playing key roles as ecosystem engineers. Because of habitat loss and fragmentation, hunting pressure, and conflicts with domestic dogs, these species have been threatened locally, regionally, or even across their full distribution ranges. The Neotropics harbor 21 species of armadillos, 10 anteaters, and 6 sloths. Our data set includes the families Chlamyphoridae (13), Dasypodidae (7), Myrmecophagidae (3), Bradypodidae (4), and Megalonychidae (2). We have no occurrence data on Dasypus pilosus (Dasypodidae). Regarding Cyclopedidae, until recently, only one species was recognized, but new genetic studies have revealed that the group is represented by seven species. In this data paper, we compiled a total of 42,528 records of 31 species, represented by occurrence and quantitative data, totaling 24,847 unique georeferenced records. The geographic range is from the southern United States, Mexico, and Caribbean countries at the northern portion of the Neotropics, to the austral distribution in Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay. Regarding anteaters, Myrmecophaga tridactyla has the most records (n = 5,941), and Cyclopes sp. have the fewest (n = 240). The armadillo species with the most data is Dasypus novemcinctus (n = 11,588), and the fewest data are recorded for Calyptophractus retusus (n = 33). With regard to sloth species, Bradypus variegatus has the most records (n = 962), and Bradypus pygmaeus has the fewest (n = 12). Our main objective with Neotropical Xenarthrans is to make occurrence and quantitative data available to facilitate more ecological research, particularly if we integrate the xenarthran data with other data sets of Neotropical Series that will become available very soon (i.e., Neotropical Carnivores, Neotropical Invasive Mammals, and Neotropical Hunters and Dogs). Therefore, studies on trophic cascades, hunting pressure, habitat loss, fragmentation effects, species invasion, and climate change effects will be possible with the Neotropical Xenarthrans data set. Please cite this data paper when using its data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us of how they are using these data