JME 4110 Seed Aerodynamics

This is a report discussing the analysis and results of a wind tunnel that was created to find the terminal velocity of a variety of seeds

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Salts Treatment Effect to Spot Blotch Development on Barley

The paper presents the data on seedling and adult resistance to dark-brown leaf spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) in barley samples described in modern literature as resistant to the disease and in varieties allowed growing in the territory of Russian Federation. All 32 samples and 69 varieties under study were highly susceptible to the blotch at both growth stages. This fact indicates to urgent need in developing new methodes for dark-brown leaf spot blotch protection. Treatment of barley plants varieties with mixture of nitrogen and phosphorus salts solution reduced the disease development on seedlings of 13 commercial varieties and on adult plants of 36 varieties (52 % out of all studied). For all these 36 varieties weight of 1000 grains was significantly higher on treated plots compared to untreated ones for 11–108 %. The mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus salts effect on the dark-brown leaf spot blotch development (changing virulence/aggressiveness of the pathogen) indicates that change of the salts concentrations and their ratio in the solution could expand the set of host plants genotypes on which this treatment will decrease the disease development

Grupo criminoso e método de grupo de cometer um crime no direito penal Russo

In this work the current state of institute of partnership in crime based on the analysis of statistical data which demonstrates to existence of problematic issues in definition of the concepts "criminal group", "group way of commission of crime", "partnership" that affects law-enforcement practice is considered.It is necessary to recognize the increased public danger of the crimes committed by several persons as in such cases the criminal result is a consequence of the combined efforts of two and more persons. At the same time, at qualification of the crimes committed with use of a group way there are problems of their legal treatment at their commission, both within partnership, and beyond its limits.Carrying out short historical digression in development of institute of partnership in the existing criminal legislation, analyzing opinions of scientists concerning differentiation of the concepts "criminal group", "group way of commission of crime", "partnership", the author of article proves need of development of the concept "group way of commission of crime" - by legislative fixing of this concept of the criminal legislation of the Russian Federation. For the purpose of improvement of institute of partnership, entering of corresponding changes into the Russian criminal legislation is offered.En este trabajo, el estado actual del instituto de asociación en delitos se basa en el análisis de datos estadísticos que demuestran la existencia de cuestiones problemáticas en la definición de los conceptos "grupo criminal", "forma grupal de comisión de delitos", "asociación" que afecta Se considera la práctica policial.Es necesario reconocer el aumento del peligro público de los delitos cometidos por varias personas, ya que, en tales casos, el resultado penal es una consecuencia de los esfuerzos combinados de dos o más personas. Al mismo tiempo, en la calificación de los delitos cometidos con el uso de forma grupal, existen problemas de su tratamiento legal en su comisión, tanto dentro de la asociación como más allá de sus límites.Realizando una breve digresión histórica en el desarrollo del instituto de asociación en la legislación penal existente, analizando las opiniones de los científicos sobre la diferenciación de los conceptos "grupo criminal", "forma grupal de comisión de delitos", "sociedad", el autor del artículo demuestra su necesidad del desarrollo del concepto "forma grupal de comisión de delitos" - mediante la fijación legislativa de este concepto de la legislación penal de la Federación de Rusia. Con el fin de mejorar el instituto de asociación, se ofrece la introducción de los cambios correspondientes en la legislación penal rusa.En este trabajo, o estado atual do instituto de associação em delitos se basea na análise de dados estaduais que demoliu a existência de questões problemáticas na definição dos conceitos "grupo criminal", "forma grupal de comisión de delitos", "asociación "que afeta Se considera a prática policial.O primeiro e último incidente sobre o aumento do público dos delitos cometidos pelas pessoas, é que, em alguns casos, o resultado penal é uma conseqüência dos esforços combinados de todos os personagens. Al mismo tempo, na calificación dos delitos cometidos com o uso de forma grupal, existido problemas de tratamento legal em sua comutação, dentro da associação como mais todos os seus direitos.Realizando uma breve digestão sobre o desenvolvimento do instituto de associação na legislação penal, analisando as opiniões dos cientistas sobre a diferenciação dos conceitos "grupo criminal", "forma grupal de comunicação de delitos", "sociedade", o autor Del nuestra des demolière des necesidad del desarrollo del concepto "forma grupal de comisión de delitos" - mediante a legislação fijación del concepto de la legislación penal de la Federación de Rusia. Con el fin de mejorar el instituto de associación, se de re ce la introducción de los cambios correspondents en la legislación penal rusa

DISCRETE-CONTINUAL BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHODS OF ANALYSIS FOR TWO-DIMENSIONAL AND THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURES

The aim of this paper is to present so-called discrete-continual boundary element method (DCBEM) of structural analysis. Its field of application comprises buildings constructions, structures and also parts and components for the residential, commercial and un-inhabitant structures with invariability of physical and geometrical parameters in some dimensions. We should mention here in particular such objects as beams, thin-walled bars, strip foundations, plates, shells, deep beams, high-rise buildings, extensional buildings, pipelines, rails, dams and others. DCBEM comes under group of semianalytical methods. Semianalytical formulations are contemporary mathematical models which currently becoming available for realization due to substantial speed-up of computer productivity. DCBEM is based on the theory of the pseudodifferential boundary equations. Corresponding pseudodifferential operators are discretely approximated using Fourier analysis or wavelet analysis. The main DCBEM advantages against the other methods of the numerical analysis is a double reduction in dimension of the problem (discrete numerical division applied not to the full region of the interest but only to the boundary of the region cross section, as a matter of fact one is solving an one-dimensional problem with the finite step on the boundary area of the region), one has opportunities to carrying out very detailed analysis of the specific chosen zones, simplified initial data preparation, simplistic and adaptive algorithms. There are two methods to define and conduct DCBEM analysis developed – indirect (IDCBEM) and direct (DDCBEM), thus indirect like in boundary element method (BEM) applied and used little bit more than direct

CALIBRATION OF THE NONLOCAL DYNAMIC DEFORMATION MODEL OF A FLEXURAL BEAM BASED ON NUMERICAL EXPERIMENT RESULTS

In this paper, the problem of numerical modeling of the dynamic behavior of bending beams made of the materials with a developed internal structure is considered. The simulation is performed taking into account the non-local elastic properties of the material in time. According to the principals of nonlocal mechanics, it is assumed that elastic forces in a structure depend on the entire history of its deformation, and not only on the instantaneous deformed state. The proposed dynamic deformation model is proposed as an alternative to detailed three-dimensional models. The nonlocal dynamic deformation model is integrated into the algorithm of the FEA method to make it applicable to solving applied engineering problems. The numerical implementation of the model is performed in Python. A technique for selecting the scale parameter of a non-local model based on experimental data using the least squares method and the dichotomy method has also been developed and implemented. To identify the possibility of extrapolation of the scale parameter values determined according to the developed methodology, a series of numerical experiments were conducted, on the basis of which scale parameters for beams of different lengths were obtained and the stability of the nonlocal model was evaluated

Operational and Variational Formulations of Boundary Problems of Anisotropic Plate Analysis, Adapted for Application Within Discrete-Continual Methods

This paper is devoted to operational and variational formulations [1] of boundary problems of anisotropic plate analysis (with the use of so-called method of extended domain [2]), adapted for applications within discrete-continual methods (discrete-continual finite element method (DCFEM), discrete-continual variation-difference method (DCVDM)) [1]. Generally, the field of application of these methods, which are now becoming available for computer realization, comprises structures with regular (in particular, constant or piecewise constant) physical and geometrical parameters in some dimension. Considering problems remain continual along “basic” direction while along other directions discrete-continual methods presuppose mesh approximation

Quantum phases of SrCu2(BO3)2 from high-pressure thermodynamics

We report heat capacity measurements of SrCu$_2$(BO$_3$)$_2$ under high pressure along with simulations of relevant quantum spin models and map out the $(P,T)$ phase diagram of the material. We find a first-order quantum phase transition between the low-pressure quantum dimer paramagnet and a phase with signatures of a plaquette-singlet state below T = $2$ K. At higher pressures, we observe a transition into a previously unknown antiferromagnetic state below $4$ K. Our findings can be explained within the two-dimensional Shastry-Sutherland quantum spin model supplemented by weak inter-layer couplings. The possibility to tune SrCu$_2$(BO$_3$)$_2$ between the plaquette-singlet and antiferromagnetic states opens opportunities for experimental tests of quantum field theories and lattice models involving fractionalized excitations, emergent symmetries, and gauge fluctuations.Comment: 6 pages + 8 pages supplemental informatio