Baklagillerde Generatif Döküm Sorunu

Baklagillerde generatif organ (çiçek ve bakla) dökümü önemli bir problemdir. Bitki tarafından çok sayıda çiçek üretilse de bu çiçeklerin çoğu dökülmekte ve baklaya dönmemektedir. Aslında, aşırı sayıda bakla sayısı, kaliteyle ters orantılı olduğundan, orta derecede çiçek dökümü tarımsal açıdan istenen bir özelliktir. Fakat genellikle baklagiller normalden fazla sayıda generatif organı yüksek sıcaklık, yetersiz ışık, kuraklık, besin elementi yetersizliği, yüksek bitki yoğunluğu sonucunda dökmektedir. Bu çalışmada, öne çıkan iki hipotez olan besin eksikliği ve hormonal kontrol hipotezleri ışığında, baklagillerde generatif döküm sorunu incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, bu konuda yürütülmüş çalışmalardaki bazı eksikliklere ve bunların ortaya çıkardığı fırsatlara değinilmiştir

Determination of the effects of temperature and day length on growth development seed yield and quality of some soybean varieties from different maturity groups.

TEZ11797Tez (Doktora) -- Çukurova Üniversitesi, Adana, 2019.Kaynakça (s. 133-165) var.xviii, 176 s. : tablo ; 29 cm.Bu araştırmada; Adana koşullarında farklı ekim zamanı ve çeşit seçiminin, soyada tarımsal bitki karakteristik özeliklerine, bitki fenolojisine, tohum verimine ve tohum kalitesine etkisi incelenmiştir. 2016 ve 2017 yıllarında yürütülen tarla denemelerinde, dört farklı ekim zamanında (15 Nisan, 15 Mayıs, 15 Haziran ve 15 Temmuz), dört farklı olum grubu (II, III, IV, V) içerisinde yer alan, sekiz farklı soya çeşidi (Bravo, İlksoy, Arısoy, Atakişi, Blaze, Adasoy, Nazlıcan ve May 5414) materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. Denemeye alınan soya çeşitlerinin fenolojik dönemleri, ekim zamanı geciktikçe, gün uzunluğuna ve hava sıcaklığına bağlı olarak kısalmıştır. Soya çeşitlerine ait; bitki boyu, baklada tohum sayısı, biyomas ağırlığı, 100 tohum ağırlığı, tohum verimi ve yağ oranı değerlerinin, ekim zamanı geciktikçe azaldığı görülmüştür. Bakla sayısı ve hasat indeksi değerleri; birinci ve üçüncü ekim zamanında yüksek, ikinci ve dördüncü ekim zamanında ise düşük olmuştur. İlk bakla yüksekliği, dal sayısı, ana sapta boğum sayısı ve protein oranı ise farklı ekim zamanlarında düzensiz bir değişim göstermiştir. Denemeye alınan soya çeşitlerinin tohum verimi değerlerinde, ekim zamanı geciktirildikçe önemli miktarda azalmalar gözlenmiştir. En yüksek tohum verimi birinci ekim zamanında, Blaze (532,2 kg/da) ve Atakişi (512,4 kg/da) çeşitlerinden elde edilmiştir. Çukurova'da en yaygın yetiştirme periyodu olan ikinci ürün koşullarında, en yüksek tohum verimi Arısoy çeşidinden (424,7 kg/da) elde edilmiştir. Tohum protein oranı değerleri en düşük birinci ekim zamanında (%38.38), en yüksek düzeye ise dördüncü ekim zamanında (%40.19) tespit edilmiştir. En yüksek yağ verimi ise birinci ekim zamanında Blaze, Atakişi, Arısoy ve İlksoy çeşitlerinden elde edilmiştir.The effect of different sowing times and varieties on the argonomic plant characteristics, plant phenology, seed yield and seed quality of soybeans in Adana condition were investigated in this study. Eight different soybean varieties (Bravo, İlksoy, Arısoy, Atakişi, Blaze, Adasoy, Nazlıcan and May 5414) from four different maturity groups (II, III, IV, V) were used as material in the field trials which planted at four different times (15 April, 15 May, 15 June and 15 July) in 2016 and 2017. The phenological periods of the soybean varieties were shortened as the planting time was delayed, in relation with the day length and the air temperature. Plant height, seed number per pods, biomass weight, seed weight, seed yield and seed oil ratio values of soybean varieties were decreased with delays in planting time. Pod number per plant and harvest index values were higher at the first and third planting times and were lower at the second and fourth planting times. The first pod height, the number of branches, the number of nodes and the seed protein ratio showed an inconsistent change at different planting times. Seed yield values of the tested soybean varieties showed significant decrease as the planting time was delayed. The highest seed yield was obtained from Blaze (5322 kg/ha) and Atakisi (5124 kg/ha) varieties at the first planting time. In the second crop conditions, which is the most common cultivation period in Çukurova, the highest seed yield was obtained from Arısoy variety (4247 kg/ha). The seed protein ratio reached to the lowest level (38.38%) in the first planting time and the highest level (40.19%) in the fourth planting time. The highest oil yield was obtained from Blaze, Atakişi, Arısoy and İlksoy varieties from the first planting time

Yield and Fiber Technological Traits of Advanced Cotton Lines Developed By Line Tester Mating Design

The purpose of this study was to determine yield and fiber technological characteristics of advanced cotton lines developed by crossing parents which were selected in terms of their genetic diversity and genetic distances and comparing them with controls. The research has been carried out in GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center experimental area during 2013 and 2014 cotton growing season. Developed 10 advanced lines and 2 cotton cultivars (GW Teks and Stoneville 468) were used as material. The study was conducted in randomized complete block design with four replications. The statistical results showed that there were significant differences between lines/varieties in terms of all observed characteristics. The effect of year was significant for seed cotton yield, fiber yield, first picking percentage, ginning percentage, fiber fineness and fiber elongation. Year x variety interaction was significant for seed cotton yield, fiber yield, fiber uniformity index and short fiber index. According to the results of this study it was determined that Fiber Max 832 x Stv 453; Fiber Max 832 x Stv 453/2 for seed cotton yield and fiber yield; Stoneville 453, Tam 94 L 25 x Stv 453 and Fiber Max 832 x Stv 453 for ginning percentage; Tam 94 L 25 x Stv 453/2 for fiber fineness and fiber length; GW Teks, Giza 45 x Sayar 314 and GW Teks x Stv 453 for fiber strength were promising varieties

Bazı Pamuk (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Genotiplerinin Verim ve Lif Teknolojik Özellikler Bakımından Değerlendirilmesi

Bu çalışma GAP Uluslararası Tarımsal Araştırma ve Eğitim Merkezi (GAPUTAEM) pamuk ıslah programı ile geliştirilen yeni pamuk hatlarının kontrol çeşitlerle kıyaslanması, verim ve lif teknolojik özelliklerinin belirlenmesi ve öne çıkan genotiplerin tespit edilmesi amacıyla Diyarbakır’da 2012- 2014 yılları arasında yürütülmüştür. Çalışma 20 adet hat/çeşit ile tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre 4 tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüş, denemede 17 adet yeni genotip ile 3 adet kontrol çeşit (Stoneville 468, ADN P 01 ve GW-Teks) materyal olarak kullanılmıştır. İncelenen tüm özellikler bakımından genotipler arasında önemli farklılıkların bulunduğu, kütlü pamuk verimi, lif kopma dayanıklılığı ve ilk el kütlü oranı hariç tüm özelliklerde yıllar arasındaki farklılığın önemli olduğu belirlenmiştir. Yıl x çeşit interaksiyonu ise kütlü pamuk verimi, lif verimi ve ilk el kütlü oranı özelliklerinde önemli bulunmuştur. Üç yıllık veriler incelendiğinde denemede yer alan genotiplerin kütlü pamuk veriminin 318.15 kg da-1 ile 385.09 kg da-1 arasında değiştiği, en yüksek verimin sırasıyla MSR06-2-1, TSPXTLX06-1-75 ve SC-9-2 genotiplerinden elde edildiği, lif verimi bakımından ADN P 01 kontrol çeşidinin 156.40 kg da-1 ile en yüksek değeri gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Yeni geliştirilen hatların ilk el kütlü oranı yönü ile kontrol çeşitlerden daha yüksek değerler gösterdiği saptanırken, çırçır randımanında Stoneville 468 çeşidi en yüksek değeri göstermiştir. Lif inceliği yönünden tüm genotipler ideal incelik değerinde yer alırken, lif uzunluğu ve lif kopma dayanıklılığı bakımından GW Teks, ÇG 9 ve SET 34 genotiplerinin üstün değerler gösterdikleri belirlenmiştir

Correlations Between Canopy Temperature, Chlorophyll Content and Yield In Heat Tolerant Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) Genotypes.

The study aimed to determine relationships among canopy temperature, chlorophyll content, seed cotton yield and fiber quality properties and using these relationships to screen large material in cotton breeding program under field conditions for heat tolerance. In this study 140 lines and 5 control varieties (Stoneville 468, DP 499, SJ-U 86, AGC 85 and AGC 208) were used as plant material. Field experiment was conducted as augmented design with four blocks. Canopy temperature (CT) measured three times during cotton growing, pre-flowering peak flowering and post flowering, on the other hand chlorophyll content was measured in peak flowering stage. The results of this study indicated that seed cotton yield significantly correlated with canopy temperature and was not affected by crop stage development

Determination of Yield and Fiber Quality Properties in Advanced Generation Lines in Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

The objective of this study was to determine yield and quality characteristics of advanced generation cotton lines which developed by hybridization researches. Investigation was carried out in GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Center’s experiment area in 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. In the study, six advanced generation cotton lines and two control cotton varieties (Stoneville 468 and GW Teks) were used as materials. The experiments were arranged as a randomized complete block design with four replications. The results of statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences among genotypes for yield and ginning percentage; both genotypes and year were significant for fiber length, fiber strength, elongation, uniformity; genotypes, years and genotypes x year interaction was significant for short fiber index, and finally it was detected that first picking percentage and fiber fineness significantly affected from year differences. According to results of this study it was determined that GW Teks, KP-24, 2/2 and 6/1 genotypes showed higher values and shared similar statistical groups for seed cotton yield, 30/4 and Stoneville 468 for ginning percentage. All genotypes classified in the same group except Stoneville 468 for fiber length. GW Teks (control variety) had higher values in terms of fiber strength, uniformity and short fiber index, while Stoneville 468 and 2/2 genotypes had higher values for elongation

The Effect of Different Zinc Application Methods on Yield and Grain Zinc Concentration of Bread Wheat Varieties

This study was carried out to elucidate the impacts of zinc (Zn) treatments on growth, development, quality and yield of commonly sown bread wheat cultivars under field conditions of Çukurova Region. Three different bread wheat cultivars (Adana-99, Ceyhan-99 and Pandas) were experimented in randomized complete blocks-split plots experimental design with 3 replications. Field experiments were performed by two different Zn application methods; via soil and via soil+foliage. In the both trials, 0, 5, 10, 20, 30, and 40 kg ha-1 pure Zn doses were applied to the soil. 0.4% ZnSO4.7H2O solution was used for foliar Zn applications. Current findings revealed that Zn treatments had significant effects on grain yield, grain Zn concentration, grain phosphorus (P) concentration and thousand grain weight of bread wheat cultivars, but significant effects were not observed on grain protein concentrations. Soil+foliar Zn treatments were more effective in improving grain Zn concentrations. It was concluded that 10- 20 kg ha-1 Zn treatment was quite effective on grain Zn concentrations

Effects of Seed Mıxture Ratıo and Harvest Tıme on Forage Yıeld and Sılage Qualıty of Intercropped Berseem Clover Wıth Trıtıcale

Experiment was conducted during winter seasons of 2011-12 and 2012-13 years in order to determine the effects of seed mixture ratio and harvest time of intercropped berseem clover (Trifolium alexandrinum) with triticale (Triticosecale) on dry matter yield and silage quality under East Mediterranean (Cukurova) conditions. Berseem clover (BC) cv. Derya and triticale (T) cv. Tacettinbey were used as plant materials. The seed mixture ratios were sole crops BC and T, BC (80%) + T (20%), BC (60%) + T (% 40), BC (40%) + T (%60) and BC (20%) + T (80%). Forage harvest stages were beginning of flowering (HI), 50% flowering (H2) and full flowering (H3) stages of berseem clover. The experiment was established in a split plot design with four replications under lowland conditions. The mixture-ratios and harvest-stages were allocated as main plots and sub-plots, respectively. In addition to dry matter yield (DMY) and botanical composition, silage samples were evaluated for crude protein (CP), pH, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations and digestible dry matter (DDM), relative feed value (RFV) and dry matter intake (DMI). The results of the study showed that the seed mixture of 60 % berseem clover + 40 % triticale and harvest at the 100% flowering stage of berseem clover were superior in terms of yield and selected quality parameters