La interpretación de leyendas mazahuas desde el diseño y su representación gráfica a través del cómic

One of the designer's professional skills is mastery of visual language to generate messages that are clear and understandable to the receiver, thus fulfilling the objective of communication and its purpose of informing, persuading, entertaining, or educating.  Una de las habilidades profesionales del diseñador es el dominio del lenguaje visual para generar mensajes que al receptor le resulten claros y comprensibles, cumpliendo así con el objetivo de la comunicación y su finalidad de informar, persuadir, entretener, o educar. Uma das competências profissionais do designer é o domínio da linguagem visual para gerar mensagens claras e compreensíveis ao receptor, cumprindo assim o objetivo da comunicação e sua finalidade de informar, persuadir, entreter ou educar.&nbsp

Intolerance of Uncertainty Moderates the Relationship between Catastrophizing, Anxiety, and Perceived Pain in People with Chronic Nononcological Pain.

Se ha pagado con un APCObjective.Substantial empirical evidence has shown that intolerance of uncertainty is a central transdiagnostic fea-ture in psychopathology and it has been suggested to be a pain-related psychological factor contributing to the ex-perience of chronic pain. However, research in this area is virtually nonexistent. The objective of this study was to in-vestigate associations between pain severity, catastrophizing, and anxiety in people with chronic nononcologicalpain, while assuming that intolerance of uncertainty moderates these relationships.Methods.A convenience sampleof 188 individuals with nononcological chronic pain (157 women and 32 men) participated in the study. We investi-gated the moderated mediation of intolerance of uncertainty between anxiety and catastrophizing and between cata-strophizing and pain intensity.Results.The full moderated mediation model accounted for significant variance inpain intensity (R2¼0.148,P<.001). Intolerance of uncertainty significantly moderated the interaction between anxi-ety and catastrophizing (B¼0.039, SE¼0.012, 95% CI [0.015, 0.063]) and between catastrophizing and pain intensity(B¼-0.034, SE¼0.010, 95% CI [ 0.054, 0.014]). Anxiety and intolerance of uncertainty did not interact in predictingcatastrophizing, although an interaction effect was found between intolerance of uncertainty and catastrophizing inpredicting pain intensity.Conclusion.This study is the first to address the interrelationship of intolerance of uncer-tainty, catastrophizing, and anxiety in relation to perceived pain intensity. The current findings support intoleranceof uncertainty as a relevant psychological variable that is distinct from other relevant constructs in the setting ofpain research and treatment

Chronic pain in the time of COVID-19: Stress aftermath and central sensitization.

Se ha pagado la tarifa APC.Objectives.The COVID-19 crisis is a significant stressor worldwide. The physical andemotional condition of individuals with pain sensitization syndromes who are experi-encing the pandemic may worsen. This study investigated the contribution of life changesdue to the coronavirus to emotional distress in individuals with a diagnosis of chroniccentral sensitization pain and tested whether the associations between level of pain andsensitization were independent of or mediated by emotional distress.Methods.Spanish individuals with chronic pain (N=362) completed an online surveyon direct or indirect exposure to the consequences of COVID-19, pain intensity, andemotional distress. They also completed central sensitization questionnaires.Results.An association was found between changes in daily routines and pain intensity,emotional distress, and sensitization scores. Correlations were found between emotionaldistress, sensitization, and pain intensity. Significant predictors of emotional distress wereage, difficulty in receiving medical care, changes in daily routines, and diminished socialsupport. Emotional distress did not mediate the association between sensitization andpain intensity.Conclusion.Due to the COVID-19 situation, individuals with central sensitization painsyndromes may be at higher risk of developing psychological distress. Interdisciplinaryinterventions involving psychologists are urgently needed to provide this population withappropriate health care

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Development of Clinical, Cognitive, Academic and Social Dimensions

El estudio analiza el desarrollo a través de la edad de dimensiones clínicas, cognitivas, académicas y relacionales en casos clínicos de Trastorno por Déficit de Atención con Hiperactividad (TDAH)

Potential Use of Annona Genus Plants Leaf Extracts to Produce Bioactive Transdermal Patches by Supercritical Solvent Impregnation

The objective of the present work was to develop a bioactive transdermal patch functionalized with Annona leaf extracts (ALE) by means of supercritical impregnation technique. The potential of six different Annona leaf extracts (ALE) obtained with the enhanced solvent system formed by carbon dioxide + ethanol/acetone was evaluated taking into account the antioxidant activity, total phenol composition and global extraction yields. For the impregnation of ALE, two drug supporting systems were tested: hydrocolloid sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC) and polyester dressings (PD). The effect of the impregnation conditions, including pressure (P), temperature (T), percent of co-solvent (ethanol) and ALE/polymer mass ratio, was determined with regard to the loading and the functional activity of the impregnated samples. The optimal impregnation conditions of ALE were established at 55 degrees C and 300 bar which led to obtained transdermal patches with antioxidant and antimicrobial capacity. In order to understand the behavior of the process, the homogeneity of the samples in the vessels was also evaluated. The best results were obtained at higher proportions of co-solvent in the system.The authors would like to thank the research group in "The Institute for Mediterranean and Subtropical Horticulture La Mayora (IHSM)" (CSIC, Malaga, Spain) for providing the raw material and for their support. This research was funded by Junta de Andalucia-FEDER funds 2014-2020, project P18-RT-3272, the Spanish Ministry of Science and Technology, project CTQ2017-86661-R and the European Regional Development Fund(ERDF)

Pain Interference, Resilience, and Perceived Well-Being DuringCOVID-19: Differences Between Women With and Without Trauma Exposure Prior to the Pandemic.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic in women with non-malignant chronic pain, and to determine whether women exposed to traumatic situations prior to the outbreak would be at a higher risk of negative health impacts.Methods: A total of 365 women were divided into three subgroups according to whether or not they had experienced a traumatic event prior to COVID-19. They completed an online survey.Results: Significant differences were found between groups during lockdown: 1) more psychological abuse was experienced by the group of women who had experienced an interpersonal traumatic event prior to the pandemic than in the other subgroups; 2)physical activity levels were higher and scores on pain interference were lower in women in the non-traumatized subgroup than in the other subgroups; 3) pain interference was predicted by pain intensity, decreased social support, and resilience, whereas perceived well-being was predicted by pain interference.Conclusion: Women who had experienced a traumatic event prior to the pandemic suffered worse consequences of the COVID-19 lockdown, particularly greater pain interference, although resilience was shown to both mitigate pain interference and enhance perceived well-bein

Segmenting humans from mobile thermal infrared imagery

Perceiving the environment is crucial in any application related to mobile robotics research. In this paper, a new approach to real-time human detection through processing video captured by a thermal infrared camera mounted on the indoor autonomous mobile platform mSecurit TM is introduced. The approach starts with a phase of static analysis for the detection of human candidates through some classical image processing techniques such as image normalization and thresholding. Then, the proposal uses Lukas and Kanade optical flow without pyramids algorithm for filtering moving foreground objects from moving scene background. The results of both phases are compared to enhance the human segmentation by infrared camera. Indeed, optical flow will emphasize the foreground moving areas gotten at the initial human candidates detection

Informe del Comité de Bioética de España sobre los aspectos éticos y jurídicos de la maternidad subrogada

El Comité de Bioética de España en su reunión plenaria del pasado 8 de mayo de 2017 acordó por unanimidad de los vocales presentes aprobar un Informe sobre los aspectos éticos y jurídicos de la maternidad subrogada, elaborado a iniciativa del propio Comité, dada la preocupación que suscitaba a sus miembros el debate presente en la opinión pública y en algunas instituciones sobre la conveniencia de regular o, al menos, dotar de legalidad, a los contratos de maternidad subrogada. Como se pone de manifiesto al inicio del Informe, la maternidad subrogada es uno de los temas bioéticos más controvertidos del momento por su carácter disruptivo sobre el modo en que la procreación humana, y las consecuentes relaciones de maternidad y filiación, han sido entendidas y reguladas hasta la actualidad, planteándose por primera vez en la historia la posibilidad de disociar la gestación de la maternidad. Ciertamente, no es un fenómeno nuevo, los primeros casos tuvieron lugar hace más de cuarenta años. Sin embargo, durante mucho tiempo tuvo un alcance limitado, no siendo hasta los últimos quince años cuando la práctica se ha extendido y, sobre todo, se ha internacionalizado. Los medios de comunicación se han venido haciendo eco de informaciones que han atraído la atención de la opinión pública, generando gran repercusión mediática los casos de personajes famosos que han recurrido a este medio para ser padres. En líneas generales, como se expone detalladamente en el Informe, son dos los principales problemas jurídicos que se plantean en España. El primero tiene que ver con el hecho de que la maternidad subrogada sea contraria a la ley nacional y, sin embargo, muchos españoles consigan ser padres recurriendo a ella en otros países donde es legal. ¿Se puede pretender que las leyes aprobadas en España tengan verdadera eficacia y que no solo sean de aplicación para quienes, por carecer de recursos y de temeridad, no pueden sortearlas en el extranjero? Hay otros ámbitos en los que los hechos son perseguibles, incluso penalmente, aunque se realicen en el extranjero

Enzimska ekstrakcija hidroksicinamičnih kiselina iz otpada nastalog pri proizvodnji kave

Ferulic, caffeic, p-coumaric and chlorogenic acids are classified as hydroxycinnamic acids, presenting anticarcinogenic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. In this work, enzymatic extraction has been studied in order to extract high value-added products like hydroxycinnamic acids from coffee pulp. A commercial pectinase and enzyme extract produced by Rhizomucor pusillus strain 23aIV in solid-state fermentation using olive oil or coffee pulp (CP) as an inducer of the feruloyl esterase activity were evaluated separately and mixed. The total content (covalently linked and free) of ferulic, caffeic, p-coumaric and chlorogenic acids was 5276 mg per kg of coffee pulp. Distribution was as follows (in %): chlorogenic acid 58.7, caffeic acid 37.6, ferulic acid 2.1 and p-coumaric acid 1.5. Most of the hydroxycinnamic acids were covalently bound to the cell wall (in %): p-coumaric acid 97.2, caffeic acid 94.4, chlorogenic acid 76.9 and ferulic acid 73.4. The content of covalently linked hydroxycinnamic acid was used to calculate the enzyme extraction yield. The maximum carbon dioxide rate for the solid-state fermentation using olive oil as an inducer was higher and it was reached in a short cultivation time. Nevertheless, the feruloyl esterase (FAE) activity (units per mg of protein) obtained in the fermentation using CP as an inducer was 31.8 % higher in comparison with that obtained in the fermentation using olive oil as the inducer. To our knowledge, this is the first report indicating the composition of both esterified and free ferulic, caffeic, p-coumaric and chlorogenic acids in coffee pulp. The highest yield of extraction of hydroxycinnamic acids was obtained by mixing the produced enzyme extract using coffee pulp as an inducer and a commercial pectinase. Extraction yields were as follows (in %): chlorogenic acid 54.4, ferulic acid 19.8, p-coumaric acid 7.2 and caffeic acid 2.3. An important increase in the added value of coffee pulp was mainly due to the extraction of chlorogenic acid.Ferulinska, kafeinska, p-kumarinska i klorogena kiselina pripadaju u hidroksicinamične kiseline, koje imaju antikarcinogena, protuupalna i antioksidativna svojstva. U radu je ispitana enzimska ekstrakcija hidroksicinamičnih kiselina iz otpada nastalog pri proizvodnji kave. Upotrijebljene su, zasebno i u smjesi, komercijalna pektinaza te enzimski esktrakt dobiven fermentacijom na čvrstoj podlozi od maslinovog ulja ili otpada nastalog pri proizvodnji kave (da bi se potaknula aktivnost feruloil esteraze), s pomoću Rhizomucor pusillus 23aIV. Ukupni je udio kovalentno vezanih i slobodnih hidroksicinamičnih kiselina bio 5276 mg/kg otpada. Od toga je bilo: 58,7 % klorogene; 37,6 % kafeinske; 2,1 % ferulinske i 1,5 % p-kumarinske kiseline. Većina je hidroksicinamičnih kiselina bila kovalentno vezana za staničnu stijenku, i to: 97,2 % p-kumarinske; 94,4 % kafeinske; 76,9 % klorogene i 73,4 % ferulinske kiseline. Pomoću udjela kovalentno vezanih hidroksicinamičnih kiselina izračunat je prinos ekstrahiranog enzima. Maksimalni je udio fermentacijom proizvedenog CO2 postignut na čvrstoj podlozi od maslinovog ulja, i to za kraće vrijeme nego na podlozi od otpada nastalog pri proizvodnje kave, iako je feruloil esteraza proizvedena primjenom ove druge podloge pokazala aktivnost veću za 31,8 %. Prema spoznajama autora ovo je prvo istraživanje u kojem su određeni udjeli vezanih i slobodnih hidroksicinamičnih kiselina u otpadu nastalom pri proizvodnji kave. Najveći je prinos ekstrakcije hidroksicinamičnih kiselina postignut primjenom komercijalne pektinaze i enzimskog ekstrakta. Pritom je izdvojeno 54,4 % klorogene; 19,8 % ferulinske; 7,2 % p-kumarinske i 2,3 % kafeinske kiseline, pa je zaključeno da je ovaj postupak dobar za ekstrakciju klorogene kiseline

Efficiency of haemoglobin regeneration in the nutritional ferropenic anaemia recovery with goat milk-based diets

Objetivo: a pesar de la alta incidencia de anemia ferropénica y de los efectos beneficiosos derivados del consumo de leche de cabra, poco se conoce, en realidad, acerca de la recuperación de la anemia mediante una dieta equilibrada acompañada de la ingesta de leche de cabra. El objetivo del presente estudio es determinar, en ratas con anemia ferropénica nutricional, los efectos de dietas elaboradas a base de leche de cabra, en comparación con la de vaca, suministradas durante 30 días, sobre la recuperación de la anemia y la eficacia de regeneración de la hemoglobina. Material y métodos: se han utilizado 40 ratas macho Wistar albina recién destetadas divididas al azar en dos grupos experimentales y alimentadas ad libitum durante 40 días con dieta AIN-93G con contenido normal de hierro (grupo control, 45 mg/kg dieta), o bajo (grupo anémico, 5 mg/kg dieta). Se toman muestras de sangre de la vena caudal para el control hematológico de la anemia. Posteriormente, cada uno de los dos grupos experimentales (control y ferrodeficiente) fueron alimentados du rante 30 días con dietas elaboradas a base de leche de cabra o vaca. Al finalizar el período experimental y previa anestesia, las ratas se desangran por canulación de la aorta abdominal, y la sangre obtenida se recoge en un tubo con EDTA como anticoagulante para la posterior determinación de los parámetros hematológicos y la eficacia de regeneración de la hemoglobina. Resultados y discusión: tras el consumo de una dieta con bajo contenido en hierro durante 40 días, las ratas eran anémicas, con una concentración de hemoglobina, hematocrito, hierro sérico, volumen corpuscular medio (VCM), ferritina sérica y saturación de la transferrina bajos (p < 0,001), mientras que los niveles de plaquetas y la capacidad total de unión al hierro (TIBC) estaban elevados (p < 0,001), hallazgos consistentes con la anemia inducida experimentalmente en ratas. La eficacia de regeneración de la hemoglobina era mayor en ratas controles y anémicas alimentadas con la dieta basada en leche de cabra respecto a las alimentadas a base de leche de vaca (p < 0,001) debido, en parte, a los mayores niveles de hierro sérico y hemoglobina, así como a la mejor utilización nutritiva del hierro en los animales que consumen una dieta basada en leche de cabra gracias a las excelentes características nutricionales de este tipo de leche. Conclusión: el consumo durante 30 días de dietas elaboradas a base de leche de cabra o vaca favorece la recuperación de la anemia ferropénica, especialmente con la dieta basada en leche de cabra, debido a la mayor eficacia de regeneración de la hemoglobina, índice que muestra la cantidad de hierro de la dieta destinada a la formación de hemoglobina. Por tanto, sería recomendable introducir en una dieta equilibrada la leche de cabra o sus derivados lácteos tanto en la población sana como con anemia.Objective: in spite of the high incidence/prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and the beneficial effects derived from the consumption of goat milk, scarce is known about the recovery of the anemia following a balanced diet accompanied by the intake of goat milk of goat. The aim of the current study is to assess, in rats with experimentally induced nutritional iron deficiency anemia, the effects of goat or cow milk-based diets, supplied during 30 days, on the recovery of the anemia and the efficiency of regeneration of the hemoglobin. Material and methods: 40 male Wistar albino rats newly weaned were divided at random in two experimental groups and they were fed ad libitum for 40 days with AIN-93G diet, either with normal iron content (control group, 45 mg/kg diet), or low iron content (anaemic group, 5 mg/kg diet). Samples of blood form the caudal vein were collected for the hematologic control of the anemia. Later, both experimental groups (control and iron deficient) were fed for 30 days with goat or cow milk-based diets. After finishing the experimental period and previous anesthesia the animals were withdrawn by canulation of the abdominal aorta, and the obtained blood was gathered in tubes with EDTA as anticoagulant for the later determination of hematologic parameters and the efficiency of regeneration of the hemoglobin. Results and discussion: after the consumption of a diet with low iron content during 40 days, the rats were anaemic, with a concentration of hemoglobin, hematocrit, serum iron, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), serum ferritin and low transferrin (p < 0.001), whereas the levels of platelets and the total iron binding capacity (TIBC) were raised (p < 0.001), findings consistent with the anemia induced experimentally in the animals. The efficiency of regeneration of the hemoglobin was higher in control and anaemic rats fed goat milk-based diet in comparison with those fed cow milk-based diet (p < 0.001) due to, partly, to the major levels of serum iron and hemoglobin, and to the best nutritive utilization of iron in the animals that consumed the goat milk-based diet thanks to the excellent nutritional characteristics of this type of milk. Conclusion: the consumption during 30 days of goat or cow milk-based diets favors the recovery of the iron deficiency anemia, especially with the goat milk, due to the major efficiency of regeneration of the hemoglobin, index that shows the quantity of iron of the diet used for the synthesis of hemoglobin. Therefore, it would be recommendable the consumption of goat milk in the context of a balanced diet in healthy populations and, especially in those at risk of suffering iron deficiency