Aplicación de estrategias didácticas innovadoras para generar compresión en la disciplina Historia de América a través del contenido Teorías sobre el origen del ser humano americano en los estudiantes de 8vo grado "E" del Instituto Nacional Público "Rosa Cerda Amador" del municipio de Boaco, departamento de Boaco durante el II semestre 2015

El presente trabajo investigativo se titula Aplicación de estrategias didácticas innovadoras para generar comprensión en la disciplina Historia de América a través del contenido Teorías del ser humano americano en los estudiantes del 8 vo grado ´´E´´ del Instituto Nacional Público ´´Rosa Cerda Amador`` del municipio de Boaco, departamento de Boaco durante el II Semestre 2015. En el marco de una investigación educativa se realizó una intervención didáctica con el propósito de generar comprensión en los estudiantes en la disciplina de Historia. El realizar la exploración de los conocimientos previos de los estudiantes nos permitió tener un punto de partida para la intervención didáctica. La aplicación de estrategias didácticas innovadoras permitió dar respuestas al problema de investigación, que es la falta de comprensión. Se logró superar debilidades como la inasistencia, llegada tardes a la clase, el incumplimiento de tareas y falta de hábitos de estudio en los educandos. Con la aplicación de la propuesta didáctica con estrategias innovadoras se incidió significativamente en los estudiantes permitiéndoles además de comprensión, desarrollar competencias básicas en el análisis e interpretación de hechos históricos, creatividad, mostrar un interés dinámico, (empatía hacia la clase de historia), para participar activamente y de forma autónoma en las actividades propuestas

Diester-Substituted Aminocyclopropanes: Synthesis and Use in [3+2]-Annulation Reactions

In this Letter, we describe the synthesis of new donor-acceptor substituted cyclopropanes bearing various imido groups and their use in [3+2]-annulation reactions. A sequence of palladium-catalyzed vinylation and rhodium-catalyzed cyclopropanation gave access to the required cyclopropanes in only two steps and high overall yields. The obtained compounds were used successfully in the tin-catalyzed [3+2] annulation with enol ethers to give cyclopentylamine derivatives in 22-95% yield

Synthesis of (Carbo) nucleoside Analogues by [3+2] Annulation of Aminocyclopropanes

(Carbo) nucleoside derivatives constitute an important class of pharmaceuticals, yet there are only few convergent methods to access new analogues. Here, we report the first synthesis of thymine-, uracil-, and 5-fluorouracil-substituted diester donor-acceptor cyclopropanes and their use in the indium-and tin-catalyzed [3+2] annulations with aldehydes, ketones, and enol ethers. The obtained diester products could be easily decarboxylated and reduced to the corresponding alcohols. The method gives access to a broad range of new (carbo) nucleoside analogues in only four or five steps and will be highly useful for the synthesis of libraries of bioactive compounds

The Synaptojanins in the murine small and large intestine

The expression of the phosphoinositides phosphatases Synaptojanins (Synjs) 1 and 2 has been shown in brain and in some peripheral tissues, but their expression in the intestine has not been reported. Herein we show that the small and large intestine express Synj1 and Synj2. Their mRNA levels, measured by RT-PCR, are not affected by development in the small intestine but in the colon they increase with age. Immunostaining assays reveal that both Synjs localize at the apical domain of the epithelial cells and at the lamina propria at sites also expressing the neuron marker calretinin. Synj2 staining at the lamina propria is fainter than that of Synj1. In colonocytes Synjs are at the apical membrane and cytosolic membrane vesicles. Synj2 is also at the mitochondria. Western blots reveal that the intestinal mucosa expresses at least two Synj1 (170- and 139-kDa) and two Synj2 (160- and 148-kDa) isoforms. The observations suggest that Synj1–170, Synj2–160, and Synj2–148 in colonocytes, might participate in processes that take place mainly at the apical domain of the epithelial cells whereas Synj1–139 in those at the enteric nervous system. Experimental colitis augments the mRNA abundance of both Synjs in colon but only Synj2 mRNA levels are increased in colon tumors. In conclusion, as far as we know, this is the first report showing expression, location and isoforms of Synj1 and Synj2 in the small and large intestine and that they might participate in intestinal pathology.Junta de Andalucía CTS 0588

PEGASO: a personalised and motivational ICT system to empower adolescents towards healthy lifestyles

Unhealthy alimentary behaviours and physical inactivity habits are key risk factors for major non communicable diseases. Several researches demonstrate that juvenile obesity can lead to serious medical conditions, pathologies and have important psycho-social consequences. PEGASO is a multidisciplinary project aimed at promoting healthy lifestyles among teenagers through assistive technology. The core of this project is represented by the ICT system, which allows providing tailored interventions to the users through their smartphones in order to motivate them. The novelty of this approach consists of developing a Virtual Individual Model (VIM) for user characterization, which is based on physical, functional and behavioural parameters opportunely selected by experts. These parameters are digitised and updated thanks to the user monitoring through smartphone; data mining algorithms are applied for the detection of activity and nutrition habits and this information is used to provide personalised feedback. The user interface will be developed using gamified approaches and integrating serious games to effectively promote health literacy and facilitate behaviour change

Reelin protects from colon pathology by maintaining the intestinal barrier integrity and repressing tumorigenic genes

We previously reported that reelin, an extracellular matrix protein first known for its key role in neuronal migration, reduces the susceptibility to dextran sulphate sodium (DSS)-colitis. The aim of the current study was to determine whether reelin protects from colorectal cancer and how reelin defends from colon pathology. In the colon of wild-type and of mice lacking reelin (reeler mice) we have analysed the: i) epithelium cell renewal processes, ii) morphology, iii) Sox9, Cdx2, Smad5, Cyclin D1, IL-6 and IFNγ mRNA abundance in DSS-treated and untreated mice, and iv) development of azoxymethane/DSS-induced colorectal cancer, using histological and real time-PCR methodologies. The reeler mutation increases colitis-associated tumorigenesis, with increased tumours number and size. It also impairs the intestinal barrier because it reduces cell proliferation, migration, differentiation and apoptosis; decreases the number and maturation of goblet cells, and expands the intercellular space of the desmosomes. The intestinal barrier impairment might explain the increased susceptibility to colon pathology exhibited by the reeler mice and is at least mediated by the down-regulation of Sox9 and Cdx2. In response to DSS-colitis, the reeler colon increases the mRNA abundance of IL-6, Smad5 and Cyclin D1 and decreases that of IFNγ, conditions that might result in the increased colitis-associated tumorigenesis found in the reeler mice. In conclusion, the results highlight a role for reelin in maintaining intestinal epithelial cell homeostasis and providing resistance against colon pathology.España, Junta de Andalucía CTS 588

Taming Hypervalent Bonds and Strained Rings for Catalysis and Synthesis

Improving the synthesis of complex organic molecules is essential for progress in many fields such as medicine, agrochemicals or materials. Since 2007, our laboratory has been focusing on the development of non-classical bond disconnections based on the use of small, energy-loaded organic molecules: hypervalent iodine reagents and strained rings. In this overview article, we report our progress since 2011 in these areas. The use of cyclic hypervalent iodine reagents has been extended to the C2-selective alkynylation of indoles, the domino cyclization alkynylation of allenes, the alkynylation of thiols and the azidation of carbonyl compounds. Amino-substituted aminocyclopropanes and aminocyclobutanes were used in [3+2] and [4+2] annulations to access nitrogen-rich building blocks, including nucleoside analogues. The first example of dynamic kinetic [3+2] annulation of aminocyclopropanes with both enol ethers and aldehydes was also reported

Reelin Protects against Colon Pathology via p53 and May Be a Biomarker for Colon Cancer Progression

Previous observations made in human and mouse colons suggest that reelin protects the colon from pathology. In this study, we evaluated reelin expression during the transition from either colitis or precancerous lesions to colon cancer and tried to elucidate reelin regulation under these transition processes. Samples of healthy and pathological colons from humans and mice treated with either azoxymethane/dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) or azoxymethane alone were used. The relative abundances of reelin, DNMT-1 and ApoER2 mRNAs were determined by PCR in the colon samples cited above and in the tissue adjacent to mouse colon polyps and adenocarcinomas. In both, humans and mice, reelin mRNA abundance increased significantly in ulcerative colitis and slightly in polyps and decreased in adenomas and adenocarcinomas. Reelin expression was higher in the tissue adjacent to the colon adenocarcinoma and lower in the lesion itself. The reelin expression changes may result, at least in part, from those in DNMT-1 and appear to be independent of ApoER2. Lack of reelin downregulated p-Akt and p53 in healthy colon and prevented their increases in the inflamed colon, whereas it increased GSK-3β in DSS-untreated mice. In conclusion, reelin mRNA abundance depends on the severity of the colon pathology, and its upregulation in response to initial injuries might prevent the beginning of colon cancer, whereas reelin repression favors it. Increased p53 expression and activation may be involved in this protection. We also propose that changes in colon reelin abundance could be used to predict colon pathology progression.Junta de Andalucía CTS 5884, 2021/1123 BIO-14

IMPACTO DEL USO DE SOFTWARE GEOGEBRA EN LA ENSEÑANZA DEL CÁLCULO DIFERENCIAL EN DOS INSTITUTOS TECNOLÓGICOS.

Resumen Este estudio es la culminación de la investigación realizada acerca del uso del software GeoGebra en la enseñanza del cálculo diferencial en el Instituto Tecnológico de Roque (ITR) y en el Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya (ITCelaya); de la cual se hizo una publicación parcial en junio de 2017(Villalobos et. al. (2017). Los resultados mostraron que los alumnos de la carrera de Mecatrónica tuvieron los puntajes más altos en la prueba diagnóstica, que en uno de los grupos de la carrera de Sistemas se presentó la mejora significativa más alta en el desempeño del grupo, al pasar de un promedio en el examen diagnóstico de 50.2 a un 65 en el promedio de los instrumentos. También se encontró una relación directa entre los puntajes obtenidos por los alumnos en los instrumentos y la calificación final. La comparación estadística de los grupos experimentales versus los grupos de control, usando la prueba diagnóstica como covariable, no mostró una diferencia a nivel de significancia del 0.05, Sin embargo, se observaron otras variables que inciden en el desempeño académico de los estudiantes.Palabra(s) Clave(s): Cálculo diferencial, enseñanza con software, GeoGebra, matemáticas. IMPACT OF THE USE OF GEOGEBRA SOFTWARE IN THE TEACHING OF DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS IN TWO TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTESAbstract This study is the culmination of the research carried out on the use of GeoGebra software in the teaching of differential calculus at the Technological Institute of Roque (ITR) and the Technological Institute of Celaya (ITCelaya); of which a partial publication was made in June 2017 (Villalobos et al. (2017). Results showed that Mechatronic students obtained the highest scores in the diagnostic test; and one of the experimental Computer Science group obtained the highest improvement starting in the diagnostic test with 50.2 points and finishing with an average of 65 in the partial evaluations. In addition, the mean scores on the partial instruments for the experimental groups were higher than the means of the control groups and the nonparticipating groups (60.8, 52.1 and 53.9, respectively). Furthermore, a direct relationship was found between the scores obtained by the students in the instruments and the final grade. The statistical comparison between experimental and control groups, using the diagnostic tests as covariable, did not show any difference at a 0.05 significance level.Keywords: differential calculus, teaching with software, GeoGebra, mathematics, math skills

EL USO DE SOFTWARE GEOGEBRA COMO ESTRATEGIA EN LA ENSEÑANZA DEL CÁLCULO DIFERENCIAL EN DOS INSTITUTOS TECNOLÓGICOS.

Resumen     En este estudio se evaluó el impacto del uso del software GeoGebra como soporte de los procesos de enseñanza y aprendizaje en la asignatura de Cálculo Diferencial. Para llevar a cabo el proyecto se desarrolló una manual con ocho prácticas que incluyen ejercicios con aplicaciones, y cuyas soluciones se obtuvieron con apoyo del software GeoGebra. Además se desarrollaron cinco instrumentos de evaluación en línea: uno para la evaluación diagnóstica y cuatro para las evaluaciones parciales de las cuatro competencias del curso.  De un total de 35 grupos de cálculo diferencial del semestre agosto-diciembre de 2016, el 56% refleja que las calificaciones de los instrumentos de evaluación pueden servir como predictores de la calificación final del curso.Palabra(s) Clave(s): Cálculo diferencial, competencias matemáticas, GeoGebra, matemáticas. Abstract   This study evaluated the impact of the use of GeoGebra software as a support for the teaching and learning processes in the subject of Differential Calculus. A manual was developed with eight practices that contained exercises of applications and their solutions were obtained using GeoGebra. In addition, five online instruments were developed for evaluating student performance. One instrument was used for the diagnostic evaluation and four were used for the partial evaluations. From 36 Differential Calculation groups offered during the August-December 2016 semester, the 56% show that the grades of the assessment instruments can serve as predictors of the final grade of the course.Keywords: differential calculus, GeoGebra, mathematics, math skills