Colorectal Cancer Stage at Diagnosis Before vs During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Italy

IMPORTANCE Delays in screening programs and the reluctance of patients to seek medical attention because of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 could be associated with the risk of more advanced colorectal cancers at diagnosis. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic was associated with more advanced oncologic stage and change in clinical presentation for patients with colorectal cancer. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This retrospective, multicenter cohort study included all 17 938 adult patients who underwent surgery for colorectal cancer from March 1, 2020, to December 31, 2021 (pandemic period), and from January 1, 2018, to February 29, 2020 (prepandemic period), in 81 participating centers in Italy, including tertiary centers and community hospitals. Follow-up was 30 days from surgery. EXPOSURES Any type of surgical procedure for colorectal cancer, including explorative surgery, palliative procedures, and atypical or segmental resections. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was advanced stage of colorectal cancer at diagnosis. Secondary outcomes were distant metastasis, T4 stage, aggressive biology (defined as cancer with at least 1 of the following characteristics: signet ring cells, mucinous tumor, budding, lymphovascular invasion, perineural invasion, and lymphangitis), stenotic lesion, emergency surgery, and palliative surgery. The independent association between the pandemic period and the outcomes was assessed using multivariate random-effects logistic regression, with hospital as the cluster variable. RESULTS A total of 17 938 patients (10 007 men [55.8%]; mean [SD] age, 70.6 [12.2] years) underwent surgery for colorectal cancer: 7796 (43.5%) during the pandemic period and 10 142 (56.5%) during the prepandemic period. Logistic regression indicated that the pandemic period was significantly associated with an increased rate of advanced-stage colorectal cancer (odds ratio [OR], 1.07; 95%CI, 1.01-1.13; P = .03), aggressive biology (OR, 1.32; 95%CI, 1.15-1.53; P < .001), and stenotic lesions (OR, 1.15; 95%CI, 1.01-1.31; P = .03). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study suggests a significant association between the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and the risk of a more advanced oncologic stage at diagnosis among patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer and might indicate a potential reduction of survival for these patients

treatment of occupational koilonychia with tazarotene gel

Sir, Koilonychia is a syndrome characterized by eversion of the edges of the nails, while the central portion of the nail becomes concave. This dystrophy usually involves several fingers, especially the thumb. The underlying tissues may either be healthy or affected by subungual hyperkeratosis. Classification of koilonychia includes idiopathic forms (hereditary and congenital, sometimes associated with other anomalies) as well as acquired forms (secondary to avitaminoses, dermatoses, kidney transplantation, carpal tunnel syndrome, cardiovascular and haematological disorders, infections, endocrine disorders, traumatic and occupational forms) (1). The first three digits are frequently involved in occupational forms of koilonychias, probably because they are more exposed to pressure during handwork (1). Tazarotene is an acetylenic retinoid selective for retinoic acid receptors (RARa) and is approved as a topical treatment for psoriasis (2). It has a strong antiproliferative effect and it modulates keratinocyte differentiation (3). We present a case of occupational koilonychia treated with tazarotene 0.1% gel

La Opinión : diario independiente de la mañana: Epoca SEGUNDA Año IX Número 2588 - 1931 Agosto 20

CONTEXTO E OBJETIVO: Pré-eclâmpsia (PE) é uma doença multissistêmica das mais frequentes e graves durante a gestação. A ligação da insulina inicia a fosforilação e ativação de substratos citoplasmáticos, tais como fosfatidil-inositol 3 quinase (PI3K). A fosforilação do fosfoinositol 2 (PIP2) da membrana em fosfoino- siltol 3 (PIP3) pela PI3K inicia a ativação da Akt/PKB. Defeitos na fosforilação do receptor de insulina e seus substratos têm papel importante na resistência à insulina. Estudos demonstraram que resistência à insulina está associada com pré-eclâmpsia e sua patofisiologia. O objetivo foi investigar a via de estimulação com insulina da Akt/PKB em placenta de parturientes normais e com pré-eclampsia. TIPO DE ESTUDO E LOCAL: Estudo do tipo transversal em um hospital universitário público de nível terciário. MÉTODOS: Vinte e quatro placentas (12 normais, 12 com PE) foram coletadas, estimuladas e analisadas por Western blot para quantificar a fosforilação da Akt/PKB. RESULTADOS: A estimulação com insulina foi confirmada comparando os grupos estimulados (1,14 ± 0,10) e não estimulados (0.91 ± 0.08; P < 0.001). A fosforilação de Akt/PKB não foi diferente na placenta de pacientes normais (1,26 ± 0,16) e com PE (1,01 ± 0,11; P = 0,237). CONCLUSÕES: A estimulação in vitro da placenta humana com insulina foi bem estabelecida. Não houve diferença na fosforilação da Akt/PKB após estimulação em placentas de pacientes normais e PE. Contudo, não é possível descartar a participação desta via de sinalização na patofisiologia da PE, uma vez que os substratos da Akt/PKB ainda precisam ser investigados.CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Preeclampsia is a multi-systemic disease and one of the most frequent severe health problems during pregnancy. Binding of insulin triggers phosphorylation and activates cytoplasmic substrates such as phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K). Phosphorylation of membrane phosphoinositide 2 (PIP2) to phosphoinositide 3 (PIP3) by PI3K starts Akt/PKB activation. Defects in phosphorylation of the insulin receptor and its substrates have an important role in insulin resistance. Studies have shown that insulin resistance is associated with preeclampsia and its pathophysiology. The aim here was to investigate insulin stimulation of the Akt/PKB pathway in the placenta, in normal and preeclampsia parturients. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study in a tertiary public university hospital. METHODS: Placentas were collected from 12 normal and 12 preeclampsia patients. These were stimulated and analyzed using Western blot to quantify the Akt/PKB phosphorylation. RESULTS: The insulin stimulation was confirmed through comparing the stimulated group (1.14 ± 0.10) with the non-stimulated group (0.91 ± 0.08; P < 0.001). The phosphorylation of Akt/PKB did not differ between the placenta of the normal patients (1.26 ± 0.16) and those of the preeclampsia patients (1.01 ± 0.11; P = 0.237). CONCLUSIONS: In vitro insulin stimulation of the human placenta has been well established. There was no difference in Akt/PKB phosphorylation, after stimulation with insulin, between placentas of normal and preeclampsia patients. Nevertheless, it cannot be ruled out that the Akt/PKB signaling pathway may have a role in the pathophysiology of preeclampsia, since the substrates of Akt/PKB still need to be investigated