Nefrectomia videolaparoscópica para tratamento da dioctofimose em um cão

A dioctofimose é uma afecção pouco comum em cães, causada pelo  Dioctophyma renale, que ocorre com maior frequência em animais errantes. Quando um único rim é parasitado, os pacientes podem não apresentar sinais clínicos devido à compensação pelo rim contralateral. Não havendo terapia clínica efetiva para a dioctofimose, o tratamento indicado é a nefrotomia ou nefrectomia, na dependência da gravidade da lesão. Foi atendido no Hospital Veterinário da Universidade de Passo Fundo (UPF) um canino, fêmea, castrado, sem raça definida, com aproximadamente um ano e pesando 12 kg, proveniente de um abrigo de animais de rua da cidade de Passo Fundo (RS), apresentando hematúria e emagrecimento progressivo há 30 dias. Através dos exames complementares realizados, foi constatado parasitismo do rim direito por D. renale. O presente relato descreve o emprego alternativo da nefrectomia videolaparoscópica como um método seguro e efetivo para o tratamento de dioctofimose em um cão e os meios utilizados para o diagnóstico

Bovine herpesviruses do not play a major role in the differential diagnosis of rabies in cattle in Southern Brazil

Background: Rabies has long been recognized as the major cause of encephalitis in cattle in Latin American countries. It has been estimated that nearly 50.000 cattle heads per year are lost due to encephalitis in that subcontinent, with a signifi cant economic impact on cattle productive chains. In Brazil only, 2.500 to 3.000 cattle heads are estimated to be lost every year due to rabies. However, it is believed that rabies incidence in cattle is much larger, since usually only a few samples from affected animals in disease outbreaks are submitted to diagnostic laboratories. Rabies encephalitis is promptly and accurately diagnosed; however, particularly when rabies is excluded as causa mortis, the agent responsible for neurological disease of infectious origin often remains undetermined. Two bovine herpesviruses (BoHVs), bovine herpesvirus type 1 (BoHV-1) and bovine herpesvirus type 5 (BoHV-5) are major pathogens of cattle which are widely disseminated in Brazil. As usual in herpesvirus’ biology, these tend to infect a large number of hosts and establish lifelong latent infections which may occasionally be reactivated. Both viruses, particularly BoHV-5, are often recovered from cases of neurological disease in cattle. The participation of BoHVs in the differential diagnosis of rabies must be evaluated. Besides, there might be associations between the occurrence of rabies and BoHV infections that deserve investigation. The aim of this study was to investigate whether bovine herpesvirus 1 and 5 would play a signifi cant role in cases of neurological disease where rabies was the presumptive clinical diagnosis. In addition, associations between the occurrence of rabies and BoHV infections were searched for. The approach adopted for conducting such investigations was based on the search for viral nucleic acids as well as classical virus isolation on tissues of cattle submitted to rabies diagnosis over a two-year Materials, Methods & Results: Brain tissue samples of 101 cattle originally submitted to rabies diagnosis were collected over a two year period (2009-2010) from various municipalities within the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Thirty nine of these samples had the diagnosis of rabies confi rmed by standard laboratory diagnostic methods. Aliquots of tissues were submitted to DNA extraction and examined in search for genomes of bovine herpesviruses (BoHV) types 1 (BoHV-1) and 5 (BoHV-5) by as well as for infectious virus. Bovine herpesvirus genomes were detected in 78/101 (77.2%) samples, in which BoHV-1 genomes were detected in 26/78 (25.7%), BoHV-5 genomes in 22/78 (21.8%) and mixed BoHV infections (BoHV-1 and BoHV-5 genomes) were detected in 30/101 (29.7%) samples. In the 39 samples with confi rmed rabies diagnosis, BoHV-1 DNA was detected in 9/39 (23%), BoHV-5 DNA in 6/39 (15.4%) and mixed infections with both BoHV types in 16/39 (41%) samples. However, no infectious herpesvirus was recovered from any of the specimens examined. Discussion: The high prevalence of BoHV1 and BoHV-5 infections was evidenced in the sampled population, but the absence of infectious BoHVs indicate that these were not associated to the occurrence of the cases of encephalitis where rabies was the primary suspicion. In addition, no association was detected between occurrence of rabies and detection of BoHVs, since the frequency of detection of herpesvirus genomes did not signifi cantly differ between rabies-positive and rabies-negative samples. The detection of BoHV DNA in scattered areas of the brain with no infectious virus suggests that latency may take place in different regions of the brain

Prevalence, risk factors and biochemical markers in dogs with ultrasound diagnosed biliary sludge

A lama biliar em cães é considerada um achado incidental, sendo frequentemente identificada durante ultrassonografias abdominais como sedimento ecogênico de baixa amplitude sem sombra acústica e com mobilidade gravidade dependente. Em humanos, a presença de lama biliar é considerada anormal e está associada a diversas situações clínicas e complicações como cálculos biliares, colangite e pancreatite aguda. Em cães sua importância clínica ainda é desconhecida. Os objetivos deste estudo foram estimar a prevalência, avaliar fatores de risco, alterações encontradas ao exame de ultrassom e marcadores bioquímicos em cães com lama biliar diagnosticada por ultrassonografia. Determinou-se a prevalência e a influência das diferentes raças, sexo e idade na lama biliar, a partir de 1.021 cães submetidos à ultrassonografia abdominal, independente do estado de saúde. Desse total, foram selecionados por conveniência, 100 cães para avaliação das alterações encontradas na ultrassonografia, dos fatores de risco e dos marcadores bioquímicos perante a presença ou ausência de lama biliar. Os resultados mostraram que a prevalência de lama biliar é alta, sendo que cães com 10 anos ou mais estiveram mais predispostos. Machos e fêmeas foram acometidos em igual intensidade, havendo uma maior prevalência nas raças Beagle, Cocker Spaniel e Poodle. Nenhum dos marcadores bioquímicos estudados demonstrou correlação significativa com a lama e através da quantificação desse sedimento foi possível sugerir que o espessamento biliar raramente progride podendo acarretar complicações mais graves como a mucocele e colelitíase. Condição corporal e a castração não demonstraram relação com a presença de lama biliar e o tipo de dieta não foi considerado como o principal fator de risco, havendo apenas fraca associação da lama com o abuso da alimentação com petiscos veterinários. Já o uso de medicamentos demonstrou estar entre as possíveis causas para o desenvolvimento do espessamento biliar. Pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares encotraram-se no grupo de risco e a maior ocorrência de hepatomegalia nos cães acometidos pela lama foi associada à congestão hepática passiva, consequência das cardiopatias. Acredita-se que o fator idade também possa estar relacionado a esse fato, já que as cardiopatias são mais frequentes em cães mais velhos.The biliary sludge in dogs is deemed to be an incidental finding, and is often identified during abdominal ultrasound as echogenic sediment of low amplitude without acoustic shadowing and gravity dependent mobility. In humans, the presence of biliary sludge is considered abnormal and it is associated with various medical conditions and complications such as gallstones, cholangitis and acute pancreatitis. In dogs their clinical importance is still unknown. The aims of this study were to estimate prevalence, evaluate risk factors, findings on ultrasound examination and biochemical markers in dogs with biliary sludge diagnosed by ultrasonography. It was determined the prevalence and influence of different breeds, gender and age in biliary sludge, from 1.021 dogs undergoing abdominal ultrasonography, regardless of their health status. Overall, it was selected for convenience, 100 dogs for evaluation of abnormalities found on ultrasound, the risk factors and biochemical markers before the presence or absence of biliary sludge. The results showed that the prevalence of biliary sludge is high, and dogs with 10 years old or more were more predisposed. Males and females were affected at the same intensity, with greater prevalence in breeds Beagle, Cocker Spaniel and Poodle. None of the biochemical markers studied showed a significant correlation with the sludge and through the quantification of sediment was possible to suggest that the thickened bile rarely progresses and may cause more serious complications such as mucocele and cholelithiasis. Body condition and castration showed no correlation with the presence of biliary sludge and the type of diet was not considered a major risk factor, with only a weak association of the sludge with the abuse with veterinarians’ snacks. But the use of medicines proved to be among the possible causes for the development of the thickened bile. Patients with cardiovascular diseases lay in the risk group and higher incidence of hepatomegaly in dogs affected by the mud was associated to passive hepatic congestion, as consequence of cardiopathies. It is believed that the age factor may also be related to this fact, since cardiopathies are more common in older dogs

Prevalence, risk factors and biochemical markers in dogs with ultrasound diagnosed biliary sludge

A lama biliar em cães é considerada um achado incidental, sendo frequentemente identificada durante ultrassonografias abdominais como sedimento ecogênico de baixa amplitude sem sombra acústica e com mobilidade gravidade dependente. Em humanos, a presença de lama biliar é considerada anormal e está associada a diversas situações clínicas e complicações como cálculos biliares, colangite e pancreatite aguda. Em cães sua importância clínica ainda é desconhecida. Os objetivos deste estudo foram estimar a prevalência, avaliar fatores de risco, alterações encontradas ao exame de ultrassom e marcadores bioquímicos em cães com lama biliar diagnosticada por ultrassonografia. Determinou-se a prevalência e a influência das diferentes raças, sexo e idade na lama biliar, a partir de 1.021 cães submetidos à ultrassonografia abdominal, independente do estado de saúde. Desse total, foram selecionados por conveniência, 100 cães para avaliação das alterações encontradas na ultrassonografia, dos fatores de risco e dos marcadores bioquímicos perante a presença ou ausência de lama biliar. Os resultados mostraram que a prevalência de lama biliar é alta, sendo que cães com 10 anos ou mais estiveram mais predispostos. Machos e fêmeas foram acometidos em igual intensidade, havendo uma maior prevalência nas raças Beagle, Cocker Spaniel e Poodle. Nenhum dos marcadores bioquímicos estudados demonstrou correlação significativa com a lama e através da quantificação desse sedimento foi possível sugerir que o espessamento biliar raramente progride podendo acarretar complicações mais graves como a mucocele e colelitíase. Condição corporal e a castração não demonstraram relação com a presença de lama biliar e o tipo de dieta não foi considerado como o principal fator de risco, havendo apenas fraca associação da lama com o abuso da alimentação com petiscos veterinários. Já o uso de medicamentos demonstrou estar entre as possíveis causas para o desenvolvimento do espessamento biliar. Pacientes com doenças cardiovasculares encotraram-se no grupo de risco e a maior ocorrência de hepatomegalia nos cães acometidos pela lama foi associada à congestão hepática passiva, consequência das cardiopatias. Acredita-se que o fator idade também possa estar relacionado a esse fato, já que as cardiopatias são mais frequentes em cães mais velhos.The biliary sludge in dogs is deemed to be an incidental finding, and is often identified during abdominal ultrasound as echogenic sediment of low amplitude without acoustic shadowing and gravity dependent mobility. In humans, the presence of biliary sludge is considered abnormal and it is associated with various medical conditions and complications such as gallstones, cholangitis and acute pancreatitis. In dogs their clinical importance is still unknown. The aims of this study were to estimate prevalence, evaluate risk factors, findings on ultrasound examination and biochemical markers in dogs with biliary sludge diagnosed by ultrasonography. It was determined the prevalence and influence of different breeds, gender and age in biliary sludge, from 1.021 dogs undergoing abdominal ultrasonography, regardless of their health status. Overall, it was selected for convenience, 100 dogs for evaluation of abnormalities found on ultrasound, the risk factors and biochemical markers before the presence or absence of biliary sludge. The results showed that the prevalence of biliary sludge is high, and dogs with 10 years old or more were more predisposed. Males and females were affected at the same intensity, with greater prevalence in breeds Beagle, Cocker Spaniel and Poodle. None of the biochemical markers studied showed a significant correlation with the sludge and through the quantification of sediment was possible to suggest that the thickened bile rarely progresses and may cause more serious complications such as mucocele and cholelithiasis. Body condition and castration showed no correlation with the presence of biliary sludge and the type of diet was not considered a major risk factor, with only a weak association of the sludge with the abuse with veterinarians’ snacks. But the use of medicines proved to be among the possible causes for the development of the thickened bile. Patients with cardiovascular diseases lay in the risk group and higher incidence of hepatomegaly in dogs affected by the mud was associated to passive hepatic congestion, as consequence of cardiopathies. It is believed that the age factor may also be related to this fact, since cardiopathies are more common in older dogs

Evaluation of tooth bleaching comparing three different techniques: randomized clinical trial with three months of follow-up.

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de comparar três técnicas de clareamento dental: Clareamento caseiro com tiras à base de peróxido de hidrogênio a 10%, clareamento de consultório à base de peróxido de hidrogênio a 38% e clareamento caseiro com moldeiras individuais à base de peróxido de carbamida a 10%. Foram selecionados 36 pacientes que foram divididos em três grupos (n=12): Grupo1 – clareamento caseiro com tiras clareadoras profissionais Opalescence Go!/Ultradent à base de peróxido de hidrogênio 10% por 30 minutos diários, por 10 dias; Grupo 2 - clareamento de consultório através de duas aplicações de 40 minutos de peróxido de hidrogênio a 38% (Opalescence Boost/Ultradent), com intervalo de uma semana entre as aplicações; Grupo 3 – clareamento caseiro noturno com moldeiras individuais com peróxido de carbamida 10% (Opalescence PF – Ultradent) durante 14 dias. Foram avaliados o grau de clareamento, por meio de medição com espectrofotômetro, e a sensibilidade dentária, através de ficha preenchida pelo próprio paciente (escala de 0-5). Os pacientes foram avaliados no início, na metade, imediatamente após término do tratamento, 14 dias e 3 meses após a conclusão do mesmo. A análise estatística foi realizada através da Análise de Variância - ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05). Baseado nos resultados foi possível concluir que em relação à alteração de cor (ΔE) não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos pesquisados (p > 0,05) em nenhum momento das avaliações, sendo todas as técnicas eficazes para o clareamento dental. Quanto à sensibilidade dentária, nenhum participante relatou sensibilidade intolerável ou foi excluído da pesquisa por este efeito adverso e, ao final de 3 meses, 91,66% dos participantes dos grupos 1 e 2 e 83,33% do grupo 3 não apresentavam sensibilidade, podendo esta ser classificada como leve e reversível. O clareamento de consThe present study had the objective of comparing three methods of tooth bleaching: At-home tooth bleaching using 10% hydrogen peroxide based strips, in-office bleaching using a 38% hydrogen peroxide based gel, and at-home bleaching using a 10% carbamide peroxide based gel with individual trays. Thirty six patients were selected and divided into three groups (n=12): Group 1 - at-home bleaching with professional Opalescence Go!/Ultradent whitening strips 10% hydrogen peroxide based for 30 minutes daily, for 10 days; Group 2 - in-office bleaching through two sessions of 40 minutes, with 38% hydrogen peroxide based gel (Opalescence Boost/Ultradent), and a one week break in-between sessions; Group 3 - night-guard bleaching with individual trays with 10% carbamide peroxide gel (Opalescence PF – Ultradent) for a period of 14 days. The degree of whitening and the tooth sensibility were evaluated through spectrophotometer and a questionnaire answered by patients (scale from 0-5), respectively. Patients were evaluated half-way through the process, immediately after finishing, 14 days after and 3 months after finishing the treatments. The statistical analysis was conducted through Analysis of Variance – ANOVA and Turkey test (p≤0,05). Based on the results was possible to conclude that regarding color change (ΔE), there was no statistical difference between the 3 groups in any measuring time (p>0,05), meaning all methods are effective for tooth bleaching. As to dental sensitivity, no patient has reported intolerable sensitivity or has been excluded from the study for this adverse effect and, after three months, 91,66% of the patients of groups 1 and 2, and 83,33% of group 3 do not show sensitivity, this being classified as light and reversible. In-office tooth bleaching had a higher general sensitivity average than the other groups, but there was also no statistical difference between them when compared

Evaluation of tooth bleaching comparing three different techniques: randomized clinical trial with three months of follow-up.

O presente estudo teve o objetivo de comparar três técnicas de clareamento dental: Clareamento caseiro com tiras à base de peróxido de hidrogênio a 10%, clareamento de consultório à base de peróxido de hidrogênio a 38% e clareamento caseiro com moldeiras individuais à base de peróxido de carbamida a 10%. Foram selecionados 36 pacientes que foram divididos em três grupos (n=12): Grupo1 – clareamento caseiro com tiras clareadoras profissionais Opalescence Go!/Ultradent à base de peróxido de hidrogênio 10% por 30 minutos diários, por 10 dias; Grupo 2 - clareamento de consultório através de duas aplicações de 40 minutos de peróxido de hidrogênio a 38% (Opalescence Boost/Ultradent), com intervalo de uma semana entre as aplicações; Grupo 3 – clareamento caseiro noturno com moldeiras individuais com peróxido de carbamida 10% (Opalescence PF – Ultradent) durante 14 dias. Foram avaliados o grau de clareamento, por meio de medição com espectrofotômetro, e a sensibilidade dentária, através de ficha preenchida pelo próprio paciente (escala de 0-5). Os pacientes foram avaliados no início, na metade, imediatamente após término do tratamento, 14 dias e 3 meses após a conclusão do mesmo. A análise estatística foi realizada através da Análise de Variância - ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p ≤ 0,05). Baseado nos resultados foi possível concluir que em relação à alteração de cor (ΔE) não houve diferença estatística entre os grupos pesquisados (p > 0,05) em nenhum momento das avaliações, sendo todas as técnicas eficazes para o clareamento dental. Quanto à sensibilidade dentária, nenhum participante relatou sensibilidade intolerável ou foi excluído da pesquisa por este efeito adverso e, ao final de 3 meses, 91,66% dos participantes dos grupos 1 e 2 e 83,33% do grupo 3 não apresentavam sensibilidade, podendo esta ser classificada como leve e reversível. O clareamento de consThe present study had the objective of comparing three methods of tooth bleaching: At-home tooth bleaching using 10% hydrogen peroxide based strips, in-office bleaching using a 38% hydrogen peroxide based gel, and at-home bleaching using a 10% carbamide peroxide based gel with individual trays. Thirty six patients were selected and divided into three groups (n=12): Group 1 - at-home bleaching with professional Opalescence Go!/Ultradent whitening strips 10% hydrogen peroxide based for 30 minutes daily, for 10 days; Group 2 - in-office bleaching through two sessions of 40 minutes, with 38% hydrogen peroxide based gel (Opalescence Boost/Ultradent), and a one week break in-between sessions; Group 3 - night-guard bleaching with individual trays with 10% carbamide peroxide gel (Opalescence PF – Ultradent) for a period of 14 days. The degree of whitening and the tooth sensibility were evaluated through spectrophotometer and a questionnaire answered by patients (scale from 0-5), respectively. Patients were evaluated half-way through the process, immediately after finishing, 14 days after and 3 months after finishing the treatments. The statistical analysis was conducted through Analysis of Variance – ANOVA and Turkey test (p≤0,05). Based on the results was possible to conclude that regarding color change (ΔE), there was no statistical difference between the 3 groups in any measuring time (p>0,05), meaning all methods are effective for tooth bleaching. As to dental sensitivity, no patient has reported intolerable sensitivity or has been excluded from the study for this adverse effect and, after three months, 91,66% of the patients of groups 1 and 2, and 83,33% of group 3 do not show sensitivity, this being classified as light and reversible. In-office tooth bleaching had a higher general sensitivity average than the other groups, but there was also no statistical difference between them when compared