Employment and Growth in an Aging Society. A Simulation Study for Austria

In this study we use a long run macroeconomic model for Austria to simulate the effects of aging on employment, output growth, and the solvency of the social security system. By disaggregating the population into six age cohorts and modelling sex specific participation rates for each cohort, we are able to account for the future demographic trends. Apart from a baseline scenario, we perform three alternative simulations that highlight the effects of aging from different perspectives. These include (1) purely demographic developments, (2) increasing labour market imperfections, and (3) higher economic growth due to a productivity shock.Economic growth, Aging, Austria

Aneuploidy in human eggs: contributions of the meiotic spindle

Human eggs frequently contain an incorrect number of chromosomes, a condition termed aneuploidy. Aneuploidy affects ∼10–25% of eggs in women in their early 30s, and more than 50% of eggs from women over 40. Most aneuploid eggs cannot develop to term upon fertilization, making aneuploidy in eggs a leading cause of miscarriages and infertility. The cellular origins of aneuploidy in human eggs are incompletely understood. Aneuploidy arises from chromosome segregation errors during the two meiotic divisions of the oocyte, the progenitor cell of the egg. Chromosome segregation is driven by a microtubule spindle, which captures and separates the paired chromosomes during meiosis I, and sister chromatids during meiosis II. Recent studies reveal that defects in the organization of the acentrosomal meiotic spindle contribute to human egg aneuploidy. The microtubules of the human oocyte spindle are very frequently incorrectly attached to meiotic kinetochores, the multi-protein complexes on chromosomes to which microtubules bind. Multiple features of human oocyte spindles favour incorrect attachments. These include spindle instability and many age-related changes in chromosome and kinetochore architecture. Here, we review how the unusual spindle assembly mechanism in human oocytes contributes to the remarkably high levels of aneuploidy in young human eggs, and how age-related changes in chromosome and kinetochore architecture cause aneuploidy levels to rise even higher as women approach their forties

Anterior Hip Dislocation in a Football Player: A Case Report

Hip dislocations during sporting activities represent only 2%–5% of all hip dislocations. Most hip dislocations in sports can be categorised as “less complicated traumatic hip dislocations” by the Stewart-Milford classification due to the fact that minimal force is involved. The incidence of avascular necrosis of the femoral head greatly increases if the time to reduction is more than six hours. We report the case of a 38-year-old football player who suffered hip dislocation while kicking the ball with the medial aspect of the right foot in an external rotated manner of the right hip. Closed reduction was performed within 2 hours; postoperative follow-up was uneventful. Six months later the patient is out of any complaints; there is no sign of AVN of the femoral head

Defining the Intelligent Manufacturing Enterprise

Manufacturing enterprises encounter pressure to digitalize and increase their intelligence as their environments demand increased productivity and agility. Based on existing research on intelligent enterprises, manufacturing enterprises, and data technologies, developing the definition of an intelligent manufacturing enterprise is required. Current research lacks historically derived definitions of these dynamic fields, as well as a model of their overlap. An explanatory model is proposed to define the intelligent manufacturing enterprise, its characteristics, and the capabilities needed to become such an enterprise. This model is derived through qualitative and quantitative methods utilizing content analysis. This paper describes the content analysis methodology as well as the derived definition of the intelligent manufacturing enterprise

Capabilities of the Intelligent Manufacturing Enterprise

Manufacturing enterprises encounter pressure to digitalize and increase their intelligence as their environments demand improved productivity and agility. Based on existing research on intelligent enterprises, manufacturing enterprises, and data technologies, the authors developed an explanatory model for the derivation of a definition of the intelligent manufacturing enterprise. This paper expands the formerly developed model by presenting the characteristics of the intelligent manufacturing enterprise and the capabilities needed to become such an enterprise

Spectral Analysis of Mid-IR Excesses of White Dwarfs

In our Spitzer 24 \mu m survey of hot white dwarfs (WDs) and archival Spitzer study of pre-WDs, i.e., central stars of planetary nebulae (CSPNs), we found mid-IR excesses for -15 WDs/pre-WDs. These mid-IR excesses are indicative of the presence of circumstellar dust that could be produced by sub-planetary objects. To further assess the nature of these IR-excesses, we have obtained Spitzer IRS, Gemini NIRI and Michelle, and KPNO 4m echelle spectra of these objects. In this paper we present the analysis of these spectroscopic observations and discuss the nature of these IR excesses.Comment: Part of PlanetsbeyondMS/2010 proceedings http://arxiv.org/html/1011.660

JME 4110 Final Report -Trunk Lift Assist

This document presents the design for device to assist with loading and unloading of items into the trunk compartment of an automobile. Enclosed in this report is the rationale behind the design decisions based on consumer interviews, relevant regulating codes and standards, and necessary design constraints. Initial concept drawings and the selection process leading to the initial embodiment design are contained in this report. All initial and final CAD drawings and assembly instructions are incorporated into this summary statement as well as photographs and video links

Microstructural Evolution During Hot Rolling of an AZ31 Mg Alloy

The microstructural evolution of a AZ31 Mg alloy during hot rolling has been investigated using optical microscopy and texture (macro and micro) analysis as the main characterization tools. In particular, the differences between the microstructure obtained by unidirectional rolling (UR) and cross rolling (CR) are studied. Significant twinning activity is observed in both cases. Additionally, after cross rolling, a rather heterogeneous microstructure develops, with scattered regions populated by very fine grains. The strong basal fiber texture of the as-received material remains present after both hot rolling schemes. The imposibility to obtain accurate EBSD measurements within the twinned regions suggests that significant localized deformation takes place in those areas. Thus, due to the increase in the local strain energy, these regions become preferential sites for nucleation of recrystallization.Peer reviewe