Направления деятельности по обеспечению энергоэффективности энергетики

При оценке путей развития мировой энергетики необходимо учитывать сложный комплекс факторов – направления и приоритеты мировой экономики и промышленности, технологические, ресурсные и экологические возможности, энергетические, политические, демографические проблемы, а также вести учет взаимного влияния всех указанных факторов друг на друга. Важно учесть зависимость развития энергетики и уровня экономики. Энергетика требует объединения усилий всего человечества для решения возникших проблем и определения стратегии развития. Главная задача — предотвращение экологического кризиса, стимулирование процесса перехода к энергетике нового типа.It is necessary to take account the difficult complex of factors: directions and priorities of world economy and industry, technological, resources and ecological possibilities power, political, demographic problems, and also to register mutual influencing of all indicated factors on each other at estimation ways of the development world energy. It is important to take account dependence the energy development and economic level. The energy requires associations of efforts all humanity for the decision problems and determination strategy of development. A main task is prevention of ecological crisis, the stimulation process of transition to energy new type

Surface modification of aluminum by runaway electron preionized diffuse discharges in different gases at atmospheric pressure

The paper presents the results of an examination of aluminum samples exposed to runaway electron preionized diffuse discharges in air, nitrogen, and argon at atmospheric pressure. The changes in the chemical composition, structure, and hardness of the aluminum surface layers caused by the action of the discharge were investigated. It has been found that the oxygen and carbon concentrations in the surface layers depend on the number of discharge pulses and on the chemical composition of the working gas. The goal of the study was to find possible uses of runaway electron preionized diffuse discharges in research and industry

Optical bullets and double bullet complexes in dissipative systems

We show that optical light bullets can coexist with double bullet complexes in nonlinear dissipative systems. Coexistence occurs for a relatively large range of the system parameters, and is associated with either marginal stability or bistable existence of the two dissipative soliton species. In the case of marginal stability, spontaneous transformations of single bullets into double bullet complexes are observed. Among the bistable cases, we show how both clockwise and anticlockwise rotating double bullet complexes can be formed out of the phase-controlled interaction of two single bullets. The internal dynamics of pulsating double bullet complexes, with oscillations in both the spatial separation between the two bullets and the bullet shape in time domain is also detailed. © 2006 The American Physical Society.The work of J.M.S.C. was supported by the M.E.y C. under Contract No. BFM2003-00427 and FIS2006-03376.Peer Reviewe

Individual autonomy in the multicultural debate

In this thesis, I claim that the Liberal Multiculturalist arguments for group rights, which would enable group autonomy, are problematic. Such claims are instrumentally justified by the value that groups have for their individual members. I claim that group autonomy and individual autonomy are incompatible. Concern for the freedom of individuals requires that there is a common Liberal legal framework covering all of the cultural groups that may exist within a state. I will argue for such a system, claiming that it must be substantive in scope, while also outlining how decisions on the common rules should be fairly deliberated before being resolved. Furthermore, I will defend my position from both Liberal Multiculturalist and Strong Multiculturalist objections