In Dahomey in England: A (negative) transatlantic performance heritage

The first all-black American musical comedy on Broadway, In Dahomey (1902-1905), has made a name for itself in America’s theatre annals and in the history of black American performance. Although critics have written about the relevance of the show in America, investigations into this turn-of-the-century performance in its wider transatlantic context have lagged behind. This article examines the reception of In Dahomey in England through specifically British interpretations of race, This article examines the reception of In Dahomey in England through specifically British interpretations of race as a negotiation of blackness, across a spectrum of racialization encoded by the pervasively prevalent minstrel/song and dance show from America and, also, the impact of African colonisation. Thus I will situate the reception of In Dahomey in London as informed by multivalent sets of racial discourses incorporating the heritage of minstrelized stagings of race and the British colonial political and cultural machinery engaged in the production and negotiation of a set of racialized imaginaries for and of Africa and the African. British audiences did not see race in the same way as American audiences but, I argue, they were as driven by racializing strategies. The transatlantic racial narrative in England produced a series of discordant images across a matrix of blackness, negotiating slippage between black American and African. But, ultimately, as Gilroy argues, the “dislocating dazzle of whiteness,” effectively sought to affirm race (white/non-white) as the ultimate marker of difference, dislodging other forms of cultural plurality in establishing an apparently unassailable racial narrative. Thus, race, as racial difference, was the primary, almost exclusive, subject of scrutiny in the press reviews of In Dahomey. Despite claims made in the press of a brotherhood between black performers and white audiences in England, In Dahomey was categorized by reviewers as a form of minstrelized song and dance show entangled in a racialized hierarchy. This article argues that though In Dahomey was formulated with an uplift agenda, to challenge, subtly, racial prejudice, the show’s potential resistance to racialized stereotyping was, ultimately, eroded in England’s auditoria

Theoretical studies of photodissociation of small molecules of astrophysical importance

The radicals and ions observed in comets result from photodissociation and photoionization of molecules. According to current models, a comet is composed chiefly of a large, solid nucelus of frozen gases (parent molecules) such as H2O, HCN, and NH3. It is believed comets were formed at the same time and in the same region of space as the major planets and that their chemical composition is the same as that of the early solar system. As the comet nears the Sun, the surface heats up, liberating the frozen gases as well as dust particles. Solar radiation photodissociates the parent molecules into fragments that are observed by resonance fluorescence. Both polyatomic molecules, present in the interstellar medium, and cometary radicals were observed. Using laboratory photo-dissociation data and computer models, astronomers are attempting to identify the parent molecules that account for all observed radicals and ions

The Determinants of NFL Ticket Prices: What Managers May Consider when Pricing Tickets

Our purpose of this study is to determine what factors contribute to NFL ticket prices across teams and over time. After creating a theoretically sound model based on past economic studies, a panel data set was constructed based on the 32 NFL teams from the 2002 through the 2010 season. Results of this study show that a team’s previous season’s winning percentage, the average income of the area, the population of the area, and playing in a new stadium all have a positive, and significant, influence on ticket price. This study’s outcome allows fans and others to observe what team managers may consider when making price-changing decisions, and also by what percent a change in each factor will potentially change price. The study also shows what contributes to ticket price over time, an interesting observation given the rapid increase in the demand for football in the last decade

The development of a system of European regional purchasing power parities

This paper discusses ways in which a system of Purchasing Power Parities defined at the NUTS-2 regional disaggregation could be developed, and what the implications could be for EU policy, particularly the evaluation of Structural Funds and the conclusions made thus far about regional convergence and development. Currently regional GDP in current prices is deflated using national purchasing power indices, mostly only derived from surveys undertaken in the capital cities of the Member States. For some Member States, the national PPP are corrected for price differences within the country, using spatial correction factors for individual price surveys, given these factors are provided by the countries. Clearly, therefore, for the majority of the countries, these estimates of regional GDP do not take any account of significant differences in cost of living within countries. This paper draws on the preliminary results of a research project being undertaken for Eurostat to examine options for deriving a system of regional prices. Much research has already been published at the level of international prices, partly through the International Comparison Programme (ICP), but little work has been carried out on inter-regional differences. The paper reviews briefly the theoretical and empirical literature on national PPPs. It then discusses key conceptual issues, including the problem of the difference between expenditure-based measures (used for national PPPs) versus the output-based procedure used to estimate regional GDP. A review of what data currently exists to inform estimates, particularly the detailed tables of consumer price indices (CPI), is followed by proposals for how a system of regional PPPs might be developed. This paper concludes with an examination of the potential implications of the work, how it could affect regional policy in the future and conclusions already made about regional development. Some stylised examples are used to show how adopting regional versus national prices could affect the results.

Ultimatum Bargaining by Children and Adults

Recent research on ultimatum bargaining, the fact that children often confront and use ultimatums, and theories of developmental psychology all combine to suggest that studying children's ultimatum behavior will be particularly enlightening, both theoretically and with respect to the development of bargaining behavior. The results from two experiments indicate that younger children made larger o?ers and accepted smaller o?ers than older participants. Boys took greater strategic advantage of asymmetric information than girls; this dichotomy began with nine-year-olds (third graders) and continued for twelve- and fifteen-year-olds (sixth and ninth graders) as well as for college students. Like adults, children accepted smaller o?ers when they did not know how much was being divided. Older children required increasingly higher o?ers, except for college students who were willing to accept considerably less than others. Also, some of the nine-year-olds displayed an extremely strong sense of fairness. The discussion focuses on the development of bargaining strategies and concerns for fairness.Adults, children, fairness, ultimatum bargaining

The Role of NGOs, Non-Profits, and the Government in the Provision of Settlement Services for Canadian Newcomers: A Policy Crisis

The concept of collaboration and consensus building lends itself to the emerging theory of “New Public Governance,” where a shift to horizontal accountability and governance takes over from ideals of vertical power in policymaking. This NPG style of NGO-government relationship allows for increased collaboration and sharing of power, while recognizing the benefits of advocacy on behalf of NGOs. However, the political side of the government is often more important than the public service in regards to the policy process, and political factors outweigh all others, including social and economic ones. Most settlement service agencies are hampered by government ideals, and recently, funding of NGOs and NFP groups who provide services to newcomers comes mostly from the government. The issue here is that with an increasingly neo-liberal political agenda, there is a discouragement of traditional advocacy roles, and the groups seeking funding are often in competition with each other, creating instability for the newcomers who are looking for assistance. Sense of place is lost, and the integration process for immigrants and refugees is firmly in the hands of external parties.Institute of Urban Studie

Hidden Treasure: The Italian war economy\u27s contribution to the German war effort (1943-1945)

Gerhard Schreiber has described the German conquest, occupation, and exploitation of Italy in 1943 as the Wehrmacht\u27s last victory of the Second World War. His description is correct in that the German seizure of Fascist Italy produced a substantial economic windfall that materially assisted Germany in continuing the Second World War until the economic collapse of Hitler\u27s Reich. Italy, even after the bitter war years from 1940-1943, remained a prize worth winning. The German conquest and subsequent economic exploitation of Italy raise a variety of important questions, inspired in part by Peter Lieberman\u27s book, Does Conquest Pay? Why did a society as nationalistic and modern as Italy cooperate with the German occupation? What factors allowed the Germans to extract a significant material advantage from their occupation? Did this exploitation of Italy inspire resistance or were other factors more important in the thinking of Italians who chose to fight the German occupation? Does the Italian experience during World War II have any current relevance to potential conflicts around the globe

Isolated Photons in Deep Inelastic Scattering

Photon radiation at large transverse momenta at colliders is a detailed probe of hard interaction dynamics. The isolated photon production cross section in deep inelastic scattering was measured recently by the ZEUS experiment, and found to be considerably larger than theoretical predictions obtained with widely used event generators. To investigate this discrepancy, we perform a dedicated parton-level calculation of this observable, including contributions from fragmentation and large-angle radiation. Our results are in good agreement with all aspects of the experimental measurement.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure