Critical factors in knowledge management in countries: A global analysis about the process

RESUMEN: En la sociedad actual, el conocimiento se ha convertido en un activo muy valioso fuente de ventajas competitivas. Sin embargo aunque en el caso de las empresas esta importancia ha sido muy analizada en las últimas décadas, no se han realizado hasta el momento grandes esfuerzos en el análisis de la gestión del conocimiento en países, lo que ha motivado el presente estudio donde identificamos los factores críticos de este proceso en países a partir de un análisis factorial exploratorio: (1) Potencial de creación de conocimiento, (2) Productividad TIC, (3) Internacionalización del conocimiento, (4) Resultados de investigación y (5) Autopista de la educación. Posteriormente se propone un análisis comparativo de las principales variables relacionadas con la inversión y el resultado de conocimiento que permite conocer cómo los principales grupos de países del mundo (G-20, Unión Europea y APEC, entre otros) gestionan este activo.ABSTRACT: At present society, knowledge is a fundamental asset in order to obtain competitive advantages. However, although this asset is considered as essential in enterprises, there are not some studies about knowledge management in countries. In this scenario, we propose an interesting analysis about how countries manage their knowledge identifying five critical factors in this process: (1) Knowledge creation potential, (2) ICT Productivity, (3) Knowledge internationalization, (4) Research results and (5) Education motorway. After we propose a comparative analysis between countries using variables linked to knowledge investment and result, with the aim of know how the principal groups of countries (G-20, European Union and APEC, between others) manage their assets

Gestionando conocimiento en las organizaciones: Pasado, presente y futuro

RESUMEN. Objeto: Integrar las distintas aportaciones realizadas en el campo de la gestión del conocimiento y que se encuentran dispersas en varias publicaciones de temática multidisciplinar. Diseño/metodología: Revisión bibliográfica de las principales publicaciones sobre el tema y los libros que abordan la gestión del conocimiento. Se ha realizado un análisis de más de 100 referencias de las cuales un 72 por ciento se encuentran indexadas en la base de datos Social Science Citation Index. Aportaciones y resultados: Se obtiene en un mismo artículo un marco teórico sobre la gestión del conocimiento que puede ayudar a investigadores interesados en el área. Además se identifica una nueva línea de investigación que hace referencia a la gestión del conocimiento de organizaciones en el sentido más amplio, incluyendo gobiernos y otras entidades públicas. Implicaciones prácticas: Supone un punto de partida y reflexión para todos los investigadores de este tema que, con una sola lectura, pueden hacerse una composición de la situación de la gestión del conocimiento. Implicaciones sociales: En la actualidad nos encontramos inmersos en la sociedad del conocimiento; los rápidos cambios y la elevada incertidumbre ha hecho del conocimiento un activo fundamental para el desarrollo de los países, por lo que esta investigación permite profundizar en este tema de completa actualidad e interés.ABSTRACT. Purpose: The aim is to offer a complete vision of knowledge management analyzing the past and present, and identifying new lines of research in the area. Design/methodology: We have realized an exhaustive bibliographic review of more than 100 references. Around 72 per cent of them are indexed in the Social Science Citation Index. Findings and originality/value: We expose the more relevant characteristics of knowledge management and moreover, we identify new lines of research related to regions and territories. This is an interesting novelty in the area and it can be a base of new knowledge in the future. Practical implications: This research is interesting for some people. On one hand, researchers interested in the topic find in the paper a new way for their researches. On the other hand, it could be interesting for Governments keen on improve their situation using knowledge management. Social implications: At present time in the knowledge society changes and the high uncertainty have converted knowledge in an essential tool in countries development. In this way, this research focuses on a current and interesting topic for the society. Originality/value: We present an updated bibliographic review identifying new lines of research related to the application of knowledge management in territorial management. At present time, this potential line had not been identified

Lorenz Surfaces Based on the Sarmanov-Lee Distribution with Applications to Multidimensional Inequality in Well-Being

The purpose of this paper is to derive analytic expressions for the multivariate Lorenz surface for a relevant type of models based on the class of distributions with given marginals described by Sarmanov and Lee. The expression of the bivariate Lorenz surface can be conveniently interpreted as the convex linear combination of products of classical and concentrated univariate Lorenz curves. Thus, the generalized Gini index associated with this surface is expressed as a function of marginal Gini indices and concentration indices. This measure is additively decomposable in two factors, corresponding to inequality within and between variables. We present different parametric models using several marginal distributions including the classical Beta, the GB1, the Gamma, the lognormal distributions and others. We illustrate the use of these models to measure multidimensional inequality using data on two dimensions of well-being, wealth and health, in five developing countries.This research was partly funded by the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, grant number PID2019-105986GB-C2

A general factorial decomposition of the second Theil index of inequality with applications in environmental economics.

In this paper, we propose a general factorial decomposition of the second Theil index of inequality at economic level. The factorial decomposition of the second Theil index of inequality in k multiplicative factors is shown. Such decomposition is detailed, on the one hand, considering the partial contribution of each factor and, on the other hand, taking into account the interactions between factors as a whole. The previous decomposition is extended to analyze the between- and within-group inequality components. Finally, the study of the terminants of global inequality in percapita CO2 emissions is provided as an example of application.The authors thank the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Project ECO2013-48326-C2-2-P) and the Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte (FPU13/02155) for the partial support of this work. The authors are grateful for the constructive suggestions provided by the reviewers, which improved the paper

Distributional Dynamics of Life Satisfaction in Europe

The promotion of subjective well-being is becoming a central goal of social and public policy. In this regard, it is sometimes argued that subjective well-being inequality is an informative indicator of social tensions. In this paper, we investigate the evolution of the life satisfaction distribution in Europe since 1973 using data from the Eurobarometer surveys. In order to respect the ordinal nature of subjective well-being and to avoid the need to impose an arbitrary scale, we use the Abul Naga and Yalcin index. We demonstrate that this index can be characterised as a measure of both inequality and polarisation, depending on the value of the parameters. We find that, at the European level, life satisfaction inequality was significantly higher in 2014 than in 1995. This result is mainly explained by the increase in inequality in the Mediterranean countries and Ireland in recent years, but especially since the Great Recession. Although polarisation and inequality present a similar trend at the European level, some differing patterns are observed for particular countries, thus suggesting that these two phenomena are not only conceptually different, but also complementary in the analysis of the distribution of subjective well-being.The authors acknowledge the financial support of the Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (project ECO2016-76203-C2-1-P). We are also grateful to José Manuel Alonso, Jacques Silber, Martyna Kobus, and participants of the XXII Meeting of Public Economics and the Sixth ECINEQ meeting for their valuable comments. We also thank the editor and two anonymous referees for their helpful comments and suggestions

Conditionally specified distributions: an introduction

A bivariate distribution can sometimes be characterized completelybyproperties of its conditional distributions. The present article surveys available research in this area. Questions of compatibility of conditional specifications are addressed as are characterizations of distributions based on their having conditional distributions that are members of prescribed parametric families of distributions. The topics of compatibilityand near compatibilityof conditional distributions are discussed. Estimation strategies for conditionallyspecified distributions are summarized. Additionally, certain conditionally specified densities are shown to provide convenient flexible conjugate prior families in certain multiparameter Bayesian settings

Aggregation of dependent risks with heavy-tail distributions

Straightforward methods to evaluate risks arising from several sources are specially difficult when risk components are dependent and, even more if that dependence is strong in the tails. We give an explicit analytical expression for the probability distribution of the sum of non-negative losses that are tail-dependent. Our model allows dependence in the extremes of the marginal beta distributions. The proposed model is flexible in the choice of the parameters in the marginal distribution. The estimation using the method of moments is possible and the calculation of risk measures is easily done with a Monte Carlo approach. An illustration on data for insurance losses is presented