Determining Factors Of The Spatial Distribution Of Sumatra Elephant Track Activities in Pemerihan Resort Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park

The movement of Sumatran elephants from forests to villages and agricultural lands triggers elephant-human conflicts. The increase in conflict between Sumatran elephants and humans has caused a drastic decline in the Sumatran elephant population. The decline in the Sumatran elephant population indicates the importance of the conservation efforts carried out on the results of research studies related to the traces of Sumatran elephant activities. This study aims to analyze the relationship between activity traces and the characteristics of the Sumatran elephant habitat at Pemerihan Resort. The research was carried out from July 2021 to January 2022. The direct observation carried out in the observation line is 1 km long and 250 m wide (4 transect lines) with 4 repetitions. The results showed that the spatial distribution of Sumatran elephant activity traces is related to habitat characteristics, namely land cover type (secondary forest), topographic class (flat), distance from water sources (<1000 m), and distance from settlements (1000-2000 m). Traces of activity can be interpreted as an indicator of knowing the presence of Sumatran elephants that can prevent and minimize conflict levels. Management of the habitat and population of Sumatran elephants through enrichment of feed and captive activities is needed as a form of Sumatran elephant conservation efforts. Keywords: activity traces, habitat, Pemerihan Resort, Sumatran elephan

Pendugaan Parameter Demografi dan Pola Penyebaran Spasial Walabi Lincah (Macropus Agilis Papuanus) di Kawasan Taman Nasional Wasur Studi Kasus di Savana Campuran Udi-udi Seksi Pengelolaan III Wasur, Papua

The aim of the study was to know the population condition in savannah invaded by plant of Melaleuca sp and Eucalyptus sp specially disavan of mixture Ud-Udi. Useful research as reference data in nimble population walabi management in Wasur National Park. Method used of strip transect and plot the swampy forest animal. Perception conducted at three band that is band ecoton, savana band which abut the ecoton and band of mixture savana. This research is executed by during one month that is from april until may 2008. From result invetarisation obtained by that average of density the nimble walabi at Udi-Udi mixture savana is 0,67 tail per hectare. Highest density that is at band ecoton with the density 1,67 tail per hectare. From this result is known that by the nimble walabi prefer to be at the band ecoton compared to by band of mixture savannah which abut the forest of mixture and band of mixture savana. This density is compared to by smaller of density of savana ukra (pure savana not yet invasion). Structure old age the nimble walabi with the adult composition 17 tail (77,27%), 2 tail (9,09%) and child 3 tail ( 13,64%). Sex-ratio of reproduction at nimble walabi is sex-ratio at adult walabi, adult female and adult masculine comparison is 1 1. Totalizeing child individual is 3 adult female individual amount and tail is 9, is hence obtained by a harsh birth value of nimble walabi in Udi - Udi of mixture savana of equal to 33%. Nimble walabi mortality in Udi - Udi of mixture savana difficult to be known. From perception activity in field is not found by a dead individual. Pursuant to result analyse the test of chi square , obtained by pattern of nimble spreading spasial walabi in Udi - Udi savana is group in band ecoton by ID = 3,52 (more than 1 group d= 12,36; d > 1,96 group)

Penentuan Bentuk dan Luas Petak Contoh Optimum Pengukuran Keanekaragaman Jenis Tumbuhan Tingkat Pancang Hutan Pegunungan

Information of vegetation structure and composition of terrestrial flora biodiversity can be measured by vegetation analysis method. The method requires sampling plots as a measurement plot capable to describe species in a forest stand. The distribution of a species of diversity, especially plants, is relatively dependent on the type of plant with the condition of the area it occupies. Therefore, an efficient and representative method is needed for the ecosystem in measuring. The objective of the study was to determine the optimal shape and size of sample plots for measuring plant species diversity at stake in TNGHS as well as to assess the most responsive diversity index. The results showed that the shape and size of the optimal sample plot for measuring plant species diversity at stake in TNGHS was a rectangular plot measuring 3.200 m2. The result of the index processing of diversity, it was found that the Margalef Index gave a more responsive diversity value to the change of species number compared with Menhinick, Simpson and ShannonWiener indices. Key words: composition, diversity index, margalef, structure, terrestrial flora.Informasi struktur dan komposisi vegetasi keanekaragaman hayati flora terestrial dapat di ukur dengan metode analisis vegetasi. Metode tersebut memerlukan petak-petak sampling sebagai petak pengukuran yang mampu menggambarkan jenis-jenis pada suatu tegakan hutan. Persebaran suatu jenis keanekaragaman terutama tumbuhan, relatif bergantung pada jenis tumbuhan dengan kondisi wilayah yang ditempatinya. Oleh karenanya, diperlukan metode yang efisien dan representative terhadap ekosistem dalam melakukan pengukuran. Tujuan penelitian untuk menentukan bentuk dan luas petak contoh yang optimal untuk mengukur keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan tingkat pancang di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun-Salak (TNGHS), Jawa Barat,  serta menilai indeks keanekaragaman yang paling responsif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk dan luas petak contoh optimal untuk pengukuran keanekaragaman jenis tumbuhan tingkat pancang di TNGHS adalah petak berbentuk persegi panjang dengan ukuran 3.200 m2. Hasil pengolahan nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis, ditemukan bahwa Indeks Margalef memberikan nilai keanekaragaman yang lebih responsif terhadap perubahan jumlah spesies dibandingkan dengan Indeks Menhinick, Simpson dan Indeks Shannon-Wiener. Kata kunci : flora terestrial, indeks keanekaragaman, komposisi, margalef, struktur

PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN KEBUN BURU RUSA PERUM PERHUTANI BKPH JONGGOL JAWA BARAT BERDASARKAN TINJAUAN EKOLOGI

One form of sustainable wildlife utilization with ecological and economic values is game hunting. Due to game hunting’s promising prospects, Perum Perhutani planned to develop their deer captive breeding area (PRJ) into a hunting garden. The objective of this research was to study the prospects of deer captive breeding area of Perum Perhutani BKPH Jonggol, West Java into a hunting garden based on ecological considerations. The research was conducted in 2006. Based on direct observation, interviews with the locals and local officers, and observation of land cover change due to increase in population, it was concluded that Block 9 was the most ideal site for hunting garden due to its varied slopes which was preferred by deers, ideal land coverages such as grassland, shrubs and plantation forest, lack of enclave, abundant grazing area and accessible by the hunters. Based on land topography and land coverage, the most suitable hunting method for Block 9 was stalking. According to the Directorate General of PHPA (1988), the only weapon allowed for game hunting is firearm. Based on calculations and literature reviews, the maximum number of hunters allowed in Block 9 is 108 hunters per year with a hunting season of two months, during July and October. Assuming 100% hunting success with maximum number of hunters allowed, the hunting quota would be 108 deer per year. Further studies are required to determine the number of initial population to be introduced to the hunting area and time to start hunting activities, as well as prospects of PRJ development as hunting garden based on socio-economic considerations.

PROSPEK PENGEMBANGAN KEBUN BURU RUSA PERUM PERHUTANI BKPH JONGGOL JAWA BARAT BERDASARKAN TINJAUAN EKOLOGI

One form of sustainable wildlife utilization with ecological and economic values is game hunting. Due to game hunting’s promising prospects, Perum Perhutani planned to develop their deer captive breeding area (PRJ) into a hunting garden. The objective of this research was to study the prospects of deer captive breeding area of Perum Perhutani BKPH Jonggol, West Java into a hunting garden based on ecological considerations. The research was conducted in 2006. Based on direct observation, interviews with the locals and local officers, and observation of land cover change due to increase in population, it was concluded that Block 9 was the most ideal site for hunting garden due to its varied slopes which was preferred by deers, ideal land coverages such as grassland, shrubs and plantation forest, lack of enclave, abundant grazing area and accessible by the hunters. Based on land topography and land coverage, the most suitable hunting method for Block 9 was stalking. According to the Directorate General of PHPA (1988), the only weapon allowed for game hunting is firearm. Based on calculations and literature reviews, the maximum number of hunters allowed in Block 9 is 108 hunters per year with a hunting season of two months, during July and October. Assuming 100% hunting success with maximum number of hunters allowed, the hunting quota would be 108 deer per year. Further studies are required to determine the number of initial population to be introduced to the hunting area and time to start hunting activities, as well as prospects of PRJ development as hunting garden based on socio-economic considerations.

Significant Bio-Ecological Parameters in Long Tailed Macaque (Macaca Fascicularis) Business

Macaque (Macaca fascicularis) is one of a promising export commodities. To be aMe to maintain their preservation alld to reach an optimal and sustainable production level, there need to be captive breeding efforts. Significant information on the biology, ecology and population demographic parameters of these mscsques have been analyled from various literaturea and direct observations, in seven1 captive breeding sites

ANALISIS POLA PENGGUNAAN RUANG DAN WILAYAH JELAJAH BANTENG (Bos javanicus d’Alton, 1832) DI TAMAN NASIONAL ALAS PURWO JAWA TIMUR

Research on the pattern of bull’s spatial and homerange in Alas Ppurwo National Park, was carried out in 2 months, i.e. April-May 2006. The observation was done at four vegetation types were low-land forest, coastal forest, planted forest and grazing area. The dominant activities of bull’s on each type of vegetation were resting at lowland forest, briniy at coastal forest, and feeding at planted forest and grazing area (pasture field). Bull’s homerange in rainy season was 3,37 km2 with 21,1 km was travelled distance.Keyword: Bull, behavior, spatial use patter, home range, national park

Economic Valuation of Sun Bear (Helarctos malayanus) and Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) Based on Maintenance Cost Approach

Sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) and sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) are two species with high population decline due to poaching and illegal wildlife trade. It is still difficult to enforce laws related to hunting and wildlife trade due to legal standardization that can be used as an economic basis for lawsuits. One method of quantifying the economic value of animals can be done through an economic valuation process. This study aims to examine the economic value of sun bears and sumatran elephants based on a maintenance cost approach. The research was conducted at the conservation institutions of Medan Zoo, Siantar Zoo, and PPS Tashikoki from February – May 2021. The method used in the study was to manage conservation institutions to obtain the amount of cost allocation for animal care that refers to the five principles of animal welfare. The results showed that the sun bear's economic value based on its maintenance cost for 2 years reached Rp. 76,760,000 and for the sumatran elephant, it reached Rp. 621,730,000. The highest maintenance cost allocation for these two species is in the feed allocation. This high economic value indicates a disproportionate amount of fines given to the perpetrators of hunting and illegal wildlife trade, which has implications for weak legal products and does not cause a deterrent effect

ECONOMIC VALUATION OF THE MOLUCCAN ECLECTUS BASED ON MARKET PRICE AND MAINTENANCE COST APPROACH

Illegal wildlife trade is a criminal act of enormous value, almost equivalent to drug trafficking. One species vulnerable to being traded illegally is the moluccan eclectus which has a high number of enthusiasts. Law enforcement in cases of illegal wildlife trade in Indonesia is difficult because there is no standardization in calculating the economic value of wild animals. The economic valuation approach is one approach in quantifying the economic value of wildlife. This study aims to analyze the economic value of moluccan eclectus based on the market price approach, analyze the economic value of moluccan eclectus based on the maintenance cost approach, and compare the two approaches in the economic valuation of moluccan eclectus. Data were collected by two methods, namely literature study and interviews. The literature study collects data in the form of moluccan eclectus market prices circulating in the domestic and international markets. Meanwhile, interviews were conducted with managers of conservation institutions at Siantar Zoo, Medan Zoo, Tasikoki Animal Rescue Center (PPS) Manado, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah Bird Park in Jakarta, Kekewang Zoo in North Sulawesi, and Andy Hoo Captivity in East Java to obtain data on maintenance cost. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that the economic value of moluccan eclectus based on the market price approach reached IDR 16,138,820/individual. Meanwhile, based on the maintenance cost approach, the economic value of moluccan eclectus reaches IDR 6,313,333/individual. Based on the accuracy of the results, both approaches have the same level of accuracy. Meanwhile, based on the effectiveness and cost-efficient aspects of data collection and analysis, the market price approach is relatively better than the maintenance cost approach.    Key words: Economic valuation, illegal wildlife trade, moluccan eclectu