Jogos digitais e suas potencialidades para a geografia escolar

Tendo em vista o crescente avanço tecnológico da sociedade e do meio digital como ferramenta pedagógica, este trabalho visa realizar uma problematização acerca dos jogos digitais em sala de aula, abordando suas potencialidades e desafios para o ensino de Geografia no ambiente escolar. Para isso, foram analisados três jogos digitais com potencial de uso para a ciência geográfica: Kahoot!, Seterra e Geoguessr. A metodologia utilizada na análise destes jogos amparou-se na pesquisa bibliográfica e na pesquisa exploratória, buscando referências acerca do tema e do estágio atual dos conhecimentos relacionados a eles, conectando-se desta forma às minhas experiências e vivências laborais como profissional da educação em uma escola privada de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. Como resultado, este trabalho encontrou uma série de potencialidades para o uso dos jogos digitais como, por exemplo, a construção de uma aprendizagem criativa, lúdica e dotada de mecanismos que aproximam os estudantes das tecnologias digitais educativas. No entanto, também foram verificados alguns desafios, pois os jogos digitais devem ser vistos como um apoio ao trabalho didático e não como o todo de uma prática pedagógica, sendo necessária a mediação de um professor e, também, o acesso adequado aos recursos tecnológicos.Considering the continuous technological advancement of society and the increasing integration of the digital medium as a pedagogical tool, this work aims to undertake an examination of digital games in the classroom, addressing their potentials and challenges in the context of Geography education. To achieve this, three digital games with potential applicability to geographical science were analyzed: Kahoot!, Seterra, and Geoguessr. The methodology employed in analyzing these games was grounded in bibliographical research and exploratory investigation, seeking references about the subject and the current state of knowledge related to them, thus establishing a connection with my professional experiences as an educator in a private school in Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul. As an outcome, this study unearthed a range of potentials for the utilization of digital games, including the facilitation of creative, innovative, and playful learning experiences, enriched with mechanisms that bring students closer to technology in education. Nevertheless, certain challenges were also identified, as digital games should be viewed as a tool rather than the entirety of pedagogical practice, necessitating the mediation of an educator and also proper access to technological resources

Los saberes múltiples y las ciencias sociales y políticas

Este libro debe comprenderse como un intento de formalización por escrito de las razones y emociones que animaron el Coloquio Internacional sobre Saberes Múltiples, Ciencias Sociales y Políticas, realizado en la Sede Bogotá de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia (18-21 de octubre de 2016). Este evento contó con la colaboración de la Universidade Nova de Lisboa (CICS - Centro Interdisciplinar de Ciências Sociais), la Universität Freiburg (Suiza), la Unievrsidade Estadual de Montes Claros (Brasil), la Université catholique de Louvain (Bélgica) y la Association internationale des sociologues de langue française (AISLF) en el marco de las actividades del Comité de recherche 30 (CR30) (Inégalités, identités et liens sociaux). Los textos reunidos aquí son testimonios de los debates alrededor de dos perspectivas metodológicas y epistemológicas que con frecuencia se confrontan en el campo de las ciencias sociales y políticas: la monista y la pluralista. Los grandes temas que animaron las discusiones fueron: 1) los movimientos sociales o las sociedades y comunidades en movimiento; 2) los saberes sociales: indígenas, populares y ancestrales; 3) los estudios sobre el género y la diversidad sexual; 4) el ambientalismo, el ecologismo, los estudios sobre el territorio, el desarrollo y el animalismo; 5) la investigación acción participativa, la intervención sociológica y la educación popular; y 6) el debate epistemológico

Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31â127 anaesthetic procedures in 30â874 children with a mean age of 6·35 years (SD 4·50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5·2% (95% CI 5·0â5·5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3·1% (2·9â3·3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1·9% (1·7â2·1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5·4% (3·7â7·5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10â000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0·88, 95% CI 0·86â0·90; p<0·0001), medical history, and physical condition (1·60, 1·40â1·82; p<0·0001) were the major risk factors for a serious critical event. Multivariate analysis revealed evidence for the beneficial effect of years of experience of the most senior anaesthesia team member (0·99, 0·981â0·997; p<0·0048 for respiratory critical events, and 0·98, 0·97â0·99; p=0·0039 for cardiovascular critical events), rather than the type of health institution or providers. Interpretation This study highlights a relatively high rate of severe critical events during the anaesthesia management of children for surgical or diagnostic procedures in Europe, and a large variability in the practice of paediatric anaesthesia. These findings are substantial enough to warrant attention from national, regional, and specialist societies to target education of anaesthesiologists and their teams and implement strategies for quality improvement in paediatric anaesthesia. Funding European Society of Anaesthesiology

Incidence of severe critical events in paediatric anaesthesia (APRICOT): a prospective multicentre observational study in 261 hospitals in Europe

Background Little is known about the incidence of severe critical events in children undergoing general anaesthesia in Europe. We aimed to identify the incidence, nature, and outcome of severe critical events in children undergoing anaesthesia, and the associated potential risk factors. Methods The APRICOT study was a prospective observational multicentre cohort study of children from birth to 15 years of age undergoing elective or urgent anaesthesia for diagnostic or surgical procedures. Children were eligible for inclusion during a 2-week period determined prospectively by each centre. There were 261 participating centres across 33 European countries. The primary endpoint was the occurence of perioperative severe critical events requiring immediate intervention. A severe critical event was defined as the occurrence of respiratory, cardiac, allergic, or neurological complications requiring immediate intervention and that led (or could have led) to major disability or death. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01878760. Findings Between April 1, 2014, and Jan 31, 2015, 31 127 anaesthetic procedures in 30 874 children with a mean age of 6.35 years (SD 4.50) were included. The incidence of perioperative severe critical events was 5.2% (95% CI 5.0-5.5) with an incidence of respiratory critical events of 3.1% (2.9-3.3). Cardiovascular instability occurred in 1.9% (1.7-2.1), with an immediate poor outcome in 5.4% (3.7-7.5) of these cases. The all-cause 30-day in-hospital mortality rate was 10 in 10 000. This was independent of type of anaesthesia. Age (relative risk 0.88, 95% CI 0.86-0.90; p<0.0001), medical history, and physical condition (1.60, 1.40-1.82; p<0.0001) were the major risk factors for a serious critical event. Multivariate analysis revealed evidence for the beneficial effect of years of experience of the most senior anaesthesia team member (0.99, 0.981-0.997; p<0.0048 for respiratory critical events, and 0.98, 0.97-0.99; p=0.0039 for cardiovascular critical events), rather than the type of health institution or providers. Interpretation This study highlights a relatively high rate of severe critical events during the anaesthesia management of children for surgical or diagnostic procedures in Europe, and a large variability in the practice of paediatric anaesthesia. These findings are substantial enough to warrant attention from national, regional, and specialist societies to target education of anaesthesiologists and their teams and implement strategies for quality improvement in paediatric anaesthesia

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially