Clinical Risk and Judicial Reasoning: Eugene F. Sanger, AM, MD, 1829–1897

This biographical sketch of Eugene F. Sanger, AM, MD, corresponds to the historic text, The Classic: Report of the Committee on Suits for Malpractice, available at DOI 10.1007/s11999-008-0639-z

Comparing Men’s and Women’s Psychological Preparedness in Cangkringan for Mount Merapi Volcanic Eruptions

Mount Merapi is the most active and dangerous volcano in Indonesia with an eruption cycle of approximately five years. Eruptions are unpredictable, causing people who live around the mountain to be prepared for all outcomes. For example, the eruption in 2010 was particularly devastating and caused loss of lives, livestock, and homes, not only due to the eruption itself but also to people panicking during the evacuation process. Such panic could be reduced by ensuring that residents are psychologically prepared for future eruptions through enabling effective responses to natural disasters which have limited psychological impact and that prevent deaths while fostering resilience. The aim of this research was to determine the differences in psychological preparedness between men and women who live in Cangkringan, Sleman to face future Mount Merapi volcanic eruptions. Cangkringan was chosen because it experienced the most deaths during the 2010 volcanic eruption and because of its high potential for eruption exposure. Prior research has shown that gender is the only demographic variable that significantly affects psychological preparedness. Thus, the Kesiapsiagaan PsikologisMerapi (KPM) questionnaire was administered to 47 female participants and 43 male participants, and the results were statistically analyzed by using independent sample T-tests to compare psychological preparedness between men and women. The results showed that psychological preparedness for Mount Merapi volcaniceruptions among men and women in Cangkringan differ, which aligned with previous research. One contributing factor found was the difference in gender roles during times of disaster that were extensions of everyday gender roles. In their everyday lives, men’s roles mostly worked, either as farmers, coolies, employees, and so on. Meanwhile, women’s roles were related to household jobs, such as taking care of children and other family members, cooking, and so on. This difference caused different preparation, information, as well as a response while disaster between men and women. Keywords: psychological preparedness for natural disaster, gender, Merapi Mountain volcanic eruptio

Out of plane analysis for composite structures

Simple two dimensional analysis techniques were developed to aid in the design of strong joints for integrally stiffened/bonded composite structures subjected to out of plane loads. It was found that most out of plane failures were due to induced stresses arising from rapid changes in load path direction or geometry, induced stresses due to changes in geometry caused by buckling, or direct stresses produced by fuel pressure or bearing loads. While the analysis techniques were developed to address a great variety of out of plane loading conditions, they were primarily derived to address the conditions described above. The methods were developed and verified using existing element test data. The methods were demonstrated using the data from a test failure of a high strain wingbox that was designed, built, and tested under a previous program. Subsequently, a set of design guidelines were assembled to assist in the design of safe, strong integral composite structures using the analysis techniques developed

Integrating Language Activities into Reading Instruction

This study determines if second grade children, who have been identified as having possible listening comprehension problems and language deficiencies, demonstrate improved reading performance with an integrated reading-language treatment approach. A quasi-experimental design included sixteen children in the experimental group and nineteen subjects in the control group. Six operationally defined language behaviors were studied during eleven weeks of treatment. the data were interpreted to imply that certain aspects of an integrative reading-language approach were effective for reading instruction

Sexual Dimorphisms in Habitat-Specific Morphology and Behavior in the Green Anole Lizard

Species that occur in variable environments often exhibit morphological and behavioral traits that are specific to local habitats. Because the ability to move effectively is closely associated with structural habitat, locomotor traits may be particularly sensitive to fine-scale habitat differences. Anolis lizards provide an excellent opportunity to study the relationship between locomotion and natural perch use in the field, as laboratory studies have demonstrated that lizards that use broader perches develop longer limbs and have higher sprint speeds. We examined Anolis carolinensis (the green anole) in three habitats in close proximity. Our goals were to determine whether habitat-specific differences in hindlimb and toe morphologies occurred in a population in which perch size was variable but not manipulated, whether locomotor behaviors were associated with these morphologies, and whether habitat-specific traits differed between the sexes. We found that while juveniles in the three habitats did not differ in limb or toe morphology, adult females using broader perches had relatively longer limbs than females using narrower perches. Females also differed in toe length across habitats, but not in relation to perch diameter. Males, in contrast, exhibited differing growth patterns (allometry) in these traits, and marginal differences in locomotor behavior. Together, these results suggest that sex-specific responses in morphology and behavior, consistent with experimental observations of phenotypic plasticity, provide a mechanism for refining local habitat use

Transnational corporate responsibility in domestic courts: Still out of reach?

Despite some modest progress, corporate responsibility for human rights abuses in domestic courts remains elusive. In U.S. federal courts, Alien Tort Statute (ATS) litigation is now more precarious than ever before. While there have been some potentially important developments in English courts, judges are reluctant to extend responsibility to parent corporations for harm caused by the operations of foreign subsidiaries. Although U.S. and English courts have been concerned with distinct doctrinal issues, the overall picture appears to be one of deference to the corporation and its anatomized form, and to the goal of promoting investment abroad.</jats:p

An Integrative Reading-Language Approach

This study sought to determine whether third-grade children identified as poor readers (6-12 mos. delay) were able to improve their reading performances after being provided instruction using an integrated reading-language approach. It was speculated that the basis for some or most reading difficulties were language problems resulting from deficiencies in constructing meaning from a spoken or printed message, difficulty understanding and/or remembering the message proposition(s), and incongruities between a child\u27s knowledge of language and linguistic information presented

An Informal Reading--Language Test

Professionals working with children who need help in language development and reading have reported a positive relationship between reading performance and the development of language skills (Mattingly, 1972; Goodm3n, reported in Gutknecht and Keenan, 1978; Berger, 1978; Semel and Wiig, 1975; Stark, 1975). Semel and Wiig (1975) report that many reading problems are due to a child I s difficulty or inability to understand the ideas being expressed by complex syntactic structures, and Rupley (1974) states that problems in understanding the vocabulary used in reading texts may contribute to reading problems. The relationship and parallelism between reading and language development becomes more evident when considering some of the the correlates that can have an effect on either or both of them: auditory or visual preceptual problems; motivation. Although such correlates are not synonymous with etiologies for poor developmental reading skills, they are conditions often accompanying an inability to read (Kirk, Kliebhan and Lerner, 1978)

PENGARUH TIPE TUTUPAN LAHAN TERHADAP IKLIM MIKRO DI KOTA BITUNG

This study aimed to analyze the effect of land cover types to micro-climate of and analyze the effect microclimate to the trees and open land towards amenities environment for human. The City of Bitung has selected as a research site because it planned for mega projects. They are Special Economic Zones (KEK), International Relations Ports and Manado-Bitung Highways. The research used primary and secondary data. The parameters measured for each land cover includes the elements of microclimate namely: Air Temperature, Humidity and Solar Radiation. Data analysis using techniques T test, F test and Analysis of amenities based on the data of air temperature and humidity, it can be calculated by Temperature Humadity Index (THI). The measurement results microclimate taken at four different land cover that is at the city park, Central Business District (CBD), housing and industry. The results of this study prove the hypothesis that there are differences in the average value of the temperature and humidity in the trees, open land. Tree vegetation structures more effectively reduce the air temperature. The structure of the vegetation canopy of trees that have rounded and more densely branched patterns, height being between 6-10 m and serves to overshadow proved more effective in improving amenities in the surrounding area. Based on the value of THI, all land cover both parks, CBD, residential and industrial categorized uncomfortable because the average is at a value> 27. Housing area has very little green space. One of the efforts to improve the quality of the microclimate in order to enhance the user experience is to provide a good environment garden by planting vegetation predominant tree combined with shrubs and grasses to balance and harmonize between buildings and the environment also have aesthetic value. In the industrial area, the high levels of air pollution resulting from the production process so that recommended a good landscape arrangement, by expanding area of town forest and planting vegetation of trees that can absorb large numbers of pollutants result in healthy and fresh air for the region