Analisis Pengaruh Kelembaban Udara terhadap Kuat Medan Listrik di Sekitar Saluran Udara Tegangan Tinggi (Sutt) 150 Kv Quadruple

Dalam skripsi ini telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh kelembaban udara terhadap kuat medan listrik yang ditimbulkan saluran udara tegangan tinggi (SUTT). Metode yang digunakan adalah pengukuran dilapangan menggunakan alat ukur HI-3604 ELF Field dan perhitungan dengan metode muatan bayangan. Lokasi penelitian adalah dibawah saluran udara tegangan tinggi (SUTT) 150 kV quadruple di tanjung gundul, kab. Bengkayang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kelembaban udara semakin rendah kuat medan listrik. Hal ini disebabkan karena dalam perhitungan kondisi kelembaban udara dinyatakan dengan nilai permittivitas udara yang konstan, yaitu (εr=1). Sedangkan dalam kondisi sebenarnya, permitivitas udara dapat berubah-ubah dan dipengaruhi oleh titik-titik air di udara

Drug Diplomacy and the Supply-Side Strategy: A Survey of United States Practice

The illicit drug trade is gigantic. The United Nations reports that the annual value of the illegal drug trade worldwide is 250 to 300 billion dollars.\u27 The United States leads the world in illicit drug consumption and suffers a myriad of drug-related problems. The majority of marijuana, cocaine, and heroin consumed in the United States through out the 1980s was supplied by six Latin American and Caribbean countries. These countries, like the United States, are plagued by drug-related problems. The governments and citizens of both drug producing and drug transit countries are increasingly victims of crime, violence,and corruption. Attendant to these increasing problems is a plethora of media coverage that has sensationalized the drug issue. Studies have linked this media hype to political agenda setting by both candidates for public office and the press itself. Manipulating the drug issue for political ends is not a new tactic,\u27 but the practice culminated in the 1988 presidential race, which provided an ideal forum for the get tough on drugs theme. Not surprisingly, the American public ranks the illegal drug trade as its number one concern and the most important foreign policy issue facing the United States. For example, a June 1988 national poll showed that eighty-seven percent of the American people considered drug trafficking a very serious problem in Central America. The American mood toward drug control has reached the point of militancy,and the United States government has been urged to declare war on drugs. The targets of this war have most often been drug suppliers rather than drug consumers. Public opinion polls show that most Americans support drug policies that seek to limit the supply of drugs coming into the United States rather than to curb the American demand for drugs. The present supply-side enforcement policy has led the United States to force draft foreign countries to fight the drug war on their own soil. Despite marginally successful diplomacy, unprecedented levels of funding,\u27 and strong public, media, and political sup-port for the supply side anti-drug effort, the United States does not appear to be winning the war on drugs. This Note examines the United States drug control policy. Part II focuses on the supply-side, bilateral enforcement policy. Parts III, IV,V, and VI, in the context of American domestic law, give an overview of the United States aid leveraging system and of the major bilateral control programs such as the militarization of law enforcement, prosecution of foreign traffickers in the United States, and crop eradication. This overview analyzes the legal and extralegal arguments raised by foreign countries against the programs and the diplomatic tactics pursued by the United States in response. Parts VII and VIII conclude that many of the diplomatic tactics and the programs they support have been counterproductive and pro-pose alternative policy options. In Part IX this Note concludes that no amount of supply-side law enforcement will prevent drugs from entering the United States. The American public may have been persuaded to support militant policies by promises of an impossible achievement

Introduction: Civil Rights in the Workplace of the 1990s

Throughout history courts and legislatures alternatively have enlarged and diminished civil rights protections. Today, employment discrimination claims are the most commonly litigated civil rights cases. A succession of cases decided by a new conservative majority of Justices during the 1988 Supreme Court Term has altered radically the delicate balance of civil rights in the workplace. The then prevailing economic, political, and legal environment seemed to be impervious to any advances in employment discrimination protections. Since that Term, courts and legislatures at the state and federal levels have promulgated a confusing combination of advances and re- treats in employment discrimination law. This uncertain climate poses substantial risks to workplace rights and yet, at the same time, holds great potential for improvement of civil rights in the workplace. The developments of the 1990s will play a pivotal role in determining the future of workplace rights. This Special Project addresses four evolving areas of employment discrimination law. The Special Project begins by examining the most controversial issues raised by the vetoed Civil Rights Act of 1990. Congress had introduced the Act in an attempt to restore both Title VIPs and section 19811 protections that the Supreme Court had limited during its 1988 Term. The Project suggests compromises that both Congress and the President should make in the continuing quest for acceptable civil rights legislation. The Project then considers both the recent trend toward a more conservative federal judiciary and the changes in state employment discrimination law in light of Yellow Freight System, Inc. v. Donnelly, a case holding that state and federal courts share concurrent jurisdiction over Title VII claims. The Project explores a restructuring of the parity debate in an attempt to develop an analytical framework for forum selection in a concurrent system of employment discrimination litigation. The Yellow Freight decision illustrates the expanding role that state law can play in employment discrimination litigation. Recognizing this expansion, the Special Project next discusses the common-law doctrine of employment at will and the exceptions developed by state courts and legislatures to provide employees with greater protection from arbitrary discharge. Based on economic and moral considerations, the Project advocates a reversal of the presumption of employment at will in favor of a rebuttable presumption that employers can fire their employees only for just cause

The role of NCAM in auditory fear conditioning and its modulation by stress: a focus on the amygdala

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Measures of Health-Related Quality of Life Outcomes in Pediatric Neurosurgery: Literature Review

Background Improving value in healthcare means optimizing outcomes and minimizing costs. The emerging pay-for-performance era requires understanding of the effect of healthcare services on health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Pediatric and surgical subspecialties have yet to fully integrate HRQoL measures into practice. The present study reviewed and characterized the HRQoL outcome measures across various pediatric neurosurgical diagnoses. Methods A literature review was performed by searching PubMed and Google Scholar with search terms such as “health-related quality of life” and “pediatric neurosurgery” and then including the specific pathologies for which a HRQoL instrument was found (e.g., “health-related quality of life” plus “epilepsy”). Each measurement was evaluated by content and purpose, relative strengths and weaknesses, and validity. Results We reviewed 68 reports. Epilepsy, brain tumor, cerebral palsy, spina bifida, hydrocephalus, and scoliosis were diagnoses found in reported studies that had used disease-specific HRQoL instruments. Information using general HRQoL instruments was also reported. Internal, test–retest, and/or interrater reliability varied across the instruments, as did face, content, concurrent, and/or construct validity. Few instruments were tested enough for robust reliability and validity. Significant variability was found in the usage of these instruments in clinical studies within pediatric neurosurgery. Conclusions The HRQoL instruments used in pediatric neurosurgery are currently without standardized guidelines and thus exhibit high variability in use. Clinicians should support the development and application of these methods to optimize these instruments, promote standardization of research, improve performance measures to reflect clinically modifiable and meaningful outcomes, and, ultimately, lead the national discussion in healthcare quality and patient-centered care

A Proposed Model of Metamaterial Complementary Split- Ring Resonator to Reduce Microstrip Array Antenna Dimension

This study aims to develop a model of complementary split-ring resonator (CSRR) metamaterial structure to reduce microstrip array antenna dimensions. The smaller antenna dimensions are needed in communication system applications such as cellular devices and IoT sensors. It is necessary to miniaturize the antenna size to provide compatible antenna size with the development of wireless communication systems. This study was developed by designing the CSRR model on the microstrip array antenna at 2300 MHz LTE frequency band and using FR-4 Epoxy substrate material. The simulation and measurement results show the microstrip array antenna with the addition of CSRR structure that has 31% smaller dimension compared to without using CSRR structure. The radiation performances with the addition of CSRR structure also shows a significant improvement of bandwidth and return loss with a slight decrease in gain. This study proves that the addition of CSRR structure is one of the solution to miniaturization of microstrip antenna.     Keywords: CSRR metamaterial, antenna dimension, radiation performance

Generalization of edge general position problem

The edge geodesic cover problem of a graph $G$ is to find a smallest number of geodesics that cover the edge set of $G$. The edge $k$-general position problem is introduced as the problem to find a largest set $S$ of edges of $G$ such that no $k-1$ edges of $S$ lie on a common geodesic. We study this dual min-max problems and connect them to an edge geodesic partition problem. Using these connections, exact values of the edge $k$-general position number is determined for different values of $k$ and for different networks including torus networks, hypercubes, and Benes networks.Comment: This research is supported by Kuwait University, Kuwai

Seismic vulnerability assessment: Methodological elements and applications to the case of Romania

This paper is intended to present some studies undertaken in order to develop a seismic vulnerability estimation system to fit the needs of development of earthquake scenarios and of development of an integrated disaster risk management system for Romania. Methodological aspects are dealt with, in connection with the criteria of categorization of buildings, with the definition of parameters used for characterizing vulnerability, with the setting up of an inventory of buildings and with the calibration of parameters characterizing vulnerability. Action was initiated along the coordinates referred to in connection with the methodological aspects mentioned above. The approach was made, as far as possible, specific to the conditions of Romania. Some data on results obtained to date are presented.seismic vulnerability, vulnerability estimation, earthquake scenarios, categorization of buildings, inventory of buildings, expected earthquake impact

The Friedreich ataxia GAA repeat expansion mutation induces comparable epigenetic changes in human and transgenic mouse brain and heart tissues

Friedreich ataxia (FRDA) is caused by a homozygous GAA repeat expansion mutation within intron 1 of the FXN gene, leading to reduced expression of frataxin protein. Evidence suggests that the mutation may induce epigenetic changes and heterochromatin formation, thereby impeding gene transcription. In particular, studies using FRDA patient blood and lymphoblastoid cell lines have detected increased DNA methylation of specific CpG sites upstream of the GAA repeat and histone modifications in regions flanking the GAA repeat. In this report we show that such epigenetic changes are also present in FRDA patient brain, cerebellum and heart tissues, the primary affected systems of the disorder. Bisulfite sequence analysis of the FXN flanking GAA regions reveals a shift in the FRDA DNA methylation profile, with upstream CpG sites becoming consistently hypermethylated and downstream CpG sites becoming consistently hypomethylated. We also identify differential DNA methylation at three specific CpG sites within the FXN promoter and one CpG site within exon 1. Furthermore, we show by chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analysis that there is overall decreased histone H3K9 acetylation together with increased H3K9 methylation of FRDA brain tissue. Further studies of brain, cerebellum and heart tissues from our GAA repeat expansion-containing FRDA YAC transgenic mice reveal comparable epigenetic changes to those detected in FRDA patient tissue. We have thus developed a mouse model that will be a valuable resource for future therapeutic studies targeting epigenetic modifications of the FXN gene to increase frataxin expression