Not Yet Legal and in Prison?

The United States is the only industrialized country that sentences individuals to spend the remainder of their lives in prison for a crime they committed before the age of eighteen. The justice system established the sentencing of juveniles to life in prison without the possibility of parole to deter juvenile delinquency. Life without parole was regarded as an appropriate punishment following the rise of juvenile crime during the 1980s and 1990s. However, as psychological differences between juveniles and adults became more prominent, society began to regard life without the possibility of parole as a cruel and unusual punishment. Although some juveniles commit heinous crimes that warrant a life in prison, others receive the same punishment for a crime that does not merit a punishment of this extent

Minimum Education Requirements for Crime Scene Investigators

The initial crime scene investigation is critical since it is the primary step in the investigative process; therefore, individuals assigned to process a scene should be highly educated. Improperly educated (or uneducated) crime scene investigators (CSIs) can mishandle evidence during an investigation, affecting the outcome of cases. The minimum education requirement for CSIs should transition from a high school diploma—the current requirement—toward a bachelor’s degree. The importance of acquiring a college-level education is observed in a study conducted on crime scene examiners in Australia. To determine the educational requirement for CSIs in the United States, information was gathered electronically from numerous law enforcement departments. The most common entry-level education was a high school diploma, followed by an associate’s degree, and lastly, a bachelor’s degree. A bachelor’s degree, with coursework specifically intended for individuals not wanting to work in a laboratory, will ensure CSIs are well equipped to correctly perform their duties

ETAA1 ensures proper chromosome segregation: A matter of S phase or mitosis?

ETAA1 activates the master checkpoint kinase ATR. Bass and Cortez (2019. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201810058) recently reported an intra-mitotic function of ETAA1 that safeguards chromosome stability. In this issue, Achuthankutty et al. (2019. J. Cell Biol. https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201905064) describe a mechanism controlling the ATR-activating potential of ETAA1 in S phase to preserve chromosome stability.Fil: González, Marina Alejandra. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Gottifredi, Vanesa. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires. Fundación Instituto Leloir. Instituto de Investigaciones Bioquímicas de Buenos Aires; Argentin

“Soy la semilla de esta tierra” Juventud, entidad y globalización en San Cristóbal Huichochitlán

Se busca identificar a través de la agencia juvenil la adaptación de elementos globales y locales en las prácticas cotidianas. y determinar las estrategias que las y los jóvenes otomíes utilizan para reventar su identidad y para negociarla con la comunidad.El eje temático que orienta la investigación presentada es una socio-antropología de la juventud. Hablar de los jóvenes indígenas de una localidad en el Estado de México en contextos de marginación, con el fin de tener un conocimiento más amplio de sus experiencias y las formas en que sortean su vida cotidiana en espacios heterogéneos entre sí.CONACY

SOSTENIBILIDAD DE LA RECOLECTA, USO Y MANEJO DE LA “VARA DE ROMERILLO” DALEA LUTEA (CAV. ) WILLD., EN EL SUR DEL ESTADO DE MÉXICO

RESUMEN La presente investigación se llevo a cabo en un bosque de pino encino y poblados cercanos a Tenancingo, Estado de México durante los años de 2002-2004, los objetivos fueron evaluar la sostenibilidad, documentar las especies aprovechadas, determinar la importancia socio-económica-cultural de la cestería y describir los manejos de una población de Dalea lutea (Cav.) Willd. Para ello se marcaron 8 parcelas en bosque y pastizal de donde se obtuvo la información, además se aplicaron entrevistas a 38 artesanos-recolectores y efectuaron recorridos de campo. La sostenibilidad en pastizal para plántulas y adultas (59.5 y 41%) fue mayor a la presentada en bosque mixto (4.4 y 16.2%) mientras las juveniles decrecieron 79 y 25.1% en uno y otro ambiente. En general, el número de plantas aumentó durante verano-otoño, disminuyendo para invierno-primavera. Los artesanos combinan tallos de Salix bonplandiana, Gymnosperma glutinosum, Cornus excelsa, Dalea lutea y Viburnum elatum, y Taxodium mucronatum para elaborar cestería y los recolectan de febrero a noviembre, aprovechando la biodiversidad existente; los artesanos además conocen las técnicas para recolectar, preparar y tejer los tallos, han determinado reglas para la conservación del recurso. La tasa de retorno está relacionada con la forma de adquirir la materia prima, favorable a los artesanos-recolectores; las mujeres obtienen un salario menor que los hombres dedicados de tiempo completo en la cestería. La transmisión intergeneracional de conocimientos se da dentro de la familia, pero actualmente los jóvenes no están interesados en continuar con la tradición, aun así, la cestería es una actividad económica y socialmente relevante. La recolección de tallos de Dalea lutea (Cav.) Willd., representa ingreso temporal v para campesinos del sur este del Estado de México y su comercialización ocupa de julio a octubre. Dependiendo del tipo de recolector, los ingresos varían de $8,400.00 y$ 5,600.00 pesos por temporada. El fuego y la poda son técnicas de manejo in situ aplicadas por los recolectores; por otro lado, un sector de los encuestados cultiva la especie.UNIVERSIDAD AUTÓNOMA DEL ESTADO DE MEXICO, SECRETARIA DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y ESTUDIOS AVANZADO

Análisis de la política pública de seguridad federal (2006-2012). La presencia militar en la zona sur de Tamaulipas.

El propósito de la investigación es analizar los efectos violentos, que impactaron considerablemente el ámbito social, político y económico en Tamaulipas, a partir de la implementación de la política pública de seguridad federal, durante el sexenio del presidente Felipe Calderón Hinojosa, en lo que respecta a la presencia militar en la zona conurbada del sur del estado. Se considera a las fuerzas armadas un actor protagónico dentro del marco del combate a la delincuencia organizada, son ellos quienes han desempeñado diversas actividades, algunas propias de sus funciones constitucionales y otras de soporte sustituyendo a las autoridades de carácter civil

Levy flight as a robotic search pattern

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 23-24).Levy flights have been recently found to approximate the trajectories of animal foragers in their search for resources and food. Levy flights have proved to be effective in searching tasks because of their characteristic combination of long trajectories followed by bursts of short trajectories. In addition, some developments in robotics are currently geared toward robot miniaturization and mimicry of living creatures. For example, robots based on the features of hummingbirds and bees have already been developed though they are not yet autonomous. Incorporating Levy flight searching strategies into these miniaturized robots could yield more efficient and effective searching machines.by Orlando Saldivar.S.B

Reconciling the Past: Language Validation in a First-Year Experience Course at a Border

The University of Texas Rio Grande Valley (UTRGV) has made part of its mission to become a bilingual, bicultural, and biliterate public institution. Established in 2015 on two legacy institutions, The University of Texas-Pan American and The University of Texas Brownsville, it must reconcile a past that was not always welcoming of its students’ bilingualism. This article examines one instructor’s experience taking one of the university’s signature first-year experience courses and creating a class that is welcoming and supportive of the students’ bilingualism while also reconciling his own educational experiences with language

“Se Van a Trabajar, Pero Se Quedan a Vivir”: A Qualitative Exploration into the Subjective Well-being of Mexican Women in a Migrant-Sending Community

The study of subjective well-being and migration are two fields that have increased in prominence in recent decades. However, in the area where the two fields intersect, significant gaps exist. Meanwhile, the majority of research on migration ignores those who stay, resulting in an unbalanced and incomplete understanding of the phenomenon of migration. Using an ethnographic and life history approach, this study explores the subjective well-being of women residing in the migrant-sending community of Tlachichila. Narratives from semi-structured interviews and participant observation field notes were analyzed thematically and emergent themes were identified. Findings suggest that despite the hardship that underscores the literature on this population, women in Tlachichila express a clear and salient desire to stay. Furthermore, narratives suggest that women in migrant-sending communities use morality to redefine happiness and reconstruct their understandings of home, place, migratory behavior and gendered happiness. This process of reconstruction can be seen as an attempt to restore the dignity and agency that has been stripped away by the dominant narrative which labels those who stay, most commonly young women, as merely “left behind wives.” Findings from this study carry implications for migration policy aimed at slowing emigration out of migrant-sending areas as well as interventions aimed at improving the public opinion of immigrants within sending countries