PENGARUH PENGELUARAN PEMERINTAH DAN INVESTASI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI SUMATERA BARAT

Skripsi ini membahas tentang pengaruh pengeluaran pemerintah dan investasi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Sumatera Barat. Salah satu sasaran pembangunan di Indonesia adalah mewujudkan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang baik dan berkesinambungan. Pertumo-uhan ekonomi adalah kenaikan jangka panjang dalam kemampuan suatu negara untuk menyediakan semakin banyak jenis barang:barang ekonomi kepada penduduknya. Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi merupakan kondisi yang utama bagi kelangsungan ekonomi, karena penduduk bertambah terus sehingga kebutuhan ekonomi juga bertambah maka dibutuhkan penambahan pendapatan setiap tahunnya. Untuk itu diperlukan adanya pembentukan modal dan sumber pembiayaan sebagai faktor penting dalam proses pertumbuhan ekonomi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat sejauh tnana pertumbuhan nilai pengeluaran pemerintah dan pertumbuhan nilai investasi dapat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Sumatera Barat. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data time series dari tahun 1993 - 2008 yaitu data PDRB menurut harga konstan 2000, data realiasai belanja dan pembiayaan pembangunan serta data realisasi investasi PMDN dan PMA Sumatera Barat. Dari hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa peningkatan nilai pengeluaran pemerintah dan nilai investasi dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi Sumatera Barat

Administrators’ Perceptions of Mindfulness Practices in Southeastern, Racially and Ethnically Diverse Urban Elementary Schools

AbstractMindfulness practices are increasingly used in schools; however, there is a gap in practice when it comes to their use. The problem investigated through this basic qualitative study was the implementation of school mindfulness practice (SMP) of elementary school administrators in a large, urban area in the southeast United States. The purpose of this project study was to understand urban elementary school administrators’ perceptions of the implementation of SMP in predominantly racially and ethnically diverse, urban elementary schools. The conceptual framework was the instructional leadership model of Murphey, Hallinger, Weil, and Mittman that emphasizes the importance of understanding administrative functions, school activities, and organizational processes. The research questions explored how school administrators perceive the implementation of SMPs and what administrators perceive were challenges or supports as they led the implementation of SMPs. The participants were six school administrators from four elementary schools who were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using semistructured interviews and were analyzed using coding and thematic analysis. The findings revealed that school administrators used SMPs for positive outcomes in academics and behavior as well as to manage the ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic. These findings may help administrators to better understand their role in the successful planning and implementation of SMPs to address student behavior problems. The project deliverable is a 3-day professional development training for school administrators to learn strategies to use SMPs. The SMP strategies may help school administrators to achieve higher student academic outcomes, leading to positive social change

Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in wet beriberi

The clinical presentation of beriberi can be quite varied. In the extreme form, profound cardiovascular involvement leads to circulatory collapse and death. This case report is of a 72 year-old male who was admitted to the Neurology inpatient ward with progressive bilateral lower extremity weakness and parasthesia. He subsequently developed pulmonary edema and high output cardiac failure requiring intubation and blood pressure support. With the constellation of peripheral neuropathy, encephalopathy, ophthalmoplegia, unexplained heart failure, and lactic acidosis, thiamine deficiency was suspected. He was empirically initiated on thiamine replacement therapy and his thiamine level pre-therapy was found to be 23 nmol/L (Normal: 80-150 nmol/L), consistent with the diagnosis of beriberi. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) showed severe left ventricular systolic dysfunction, markedly increased myocardial T2, and minimal late gadolinium enhancement (LGE). After 5 days of daily 100 mg IV thiamine and supportive care, the hypotension resolved and the patient was extubated and was released from the hospital 3 weeks later. Our case shows via CMR profound myocardial edema associated with wet beriberi

Distribution of cardiovascular health by individual- and neighborhood-level socioeconomic status: Findings from the Jackson Heart Study

BACKGROUND: Data demonstrate a positive relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and cardiovascular health (CVH). OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between individual- and neighborhood-level SES and CVH among participants of the JHS (Jackson Heart Study), a community-based cohort of African Americans in Jackson, Mississippi. METHODS: We included all JHS participants with complete SES and CVH information at the baseline study visit (n = 3,667). We characterized individual- and neighborhood-level SES according to income (primary analysis) and education (secondary analysis), respectively. The outcome of interest for these analyses was a CVH score, based on 7 modifiable behaviors and factors, summed to a total of 0 (worst) to 14 (best) points. We utilized generalized estimating equations to account for the clustering of participants within the same residential areas to estimate the linear association between SES and CVH. RESULTS: The median age of the participants was 55 years, and 64% were women. Nearly one-third of eligible participants had individual incomes \u3c$20,000 and close to 40$25,480). Adjusted for age, sex, and neighborhood SES, there was an average increase in CVH score of 0.31 points associated with each 1-category increase in individual income. Similarly, each 1-category increase in neighborhood SES was associated with a 0.19-point increase in CVH score. These patterns held for our secondary analyses, which used educational attainment in place of income. These data did not suggest a synergistic effect of individual- and neighborhood-level SES on CVH. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest a potential causal pathway for disparities in CVH among vulnerable populations. These data can be useful to the JHS community to empower public health and clinical interventions and policies for the improvement of CVH

Dysfunction in the βII Spectrin-Dependent Cytoskeleton Underlies Human Arrhythmia.

Background: The cardiac cytoskeleton plays key roles in maintaining myocyte structural integrity in health and disease. In fact, human mutations in cardiac cytoskeletal elements are tightly linked with cardiac pathologies including myopathies, aortopathies, and dystrophies. Conversely, the link between cytoskeletal protein dysfunction in cardiac electrical activity is not well understood, and often overlooked in the cardiac arrhythmia field. Methods and Results: Here, we uncover a new mechanism for the regulation of cardiac membrane excitability. We report that βII spectrin, an actin-associated molecule, is essential for the post-translational targeting and localization of critical membrane proteins in heart. βII spectrin recruits ankyrin-B to the cardiac dyad, and a novel human mutation in the ankyrin-B gene disrupts the ankyrin-B/βII spectrin interaction leading to severe human arrhythmia phenotypes. Mice lacking cardiac βII spectrin display lethal arrhythmias, aberrant electrical and calcium handling phenotypes, and abnormal expression/localization of cardiac membrane proteins. Mechanistically, βII spectrin regulates the localization of cytoskeletal and plasma membrane/sarcoplasmic reticulum protein complexes that include the Na/Ca exchanger, RyR2, ankyrin-B, actin, and αII spectrin. Finally, we observe accelerated heart failure phenotypes in βII spectrin-deficient mice. Conclusions: Our findings identify βII spectrin as critical for normal myocyte electrical activity, link this molecule to human disease, and provide new insight into the mechanisms underlying cardiac myocyte biology