Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-stimulated Gene-6 In Cutaneous Wound Healing And Inflammation

Controlled inflammation is crucial for normal wound healing. Our main aim in this study was to investigate the effect of loss of tumor necrosis factor-stimulated gene-6 (TSG-6) in cutaneous wound closure and inflammation. TSG-6 by its enzymatic action modifies the extracellular matrix molecule, hyaluronan (HA), through the transfer of heavy chain (HC) proteins from inter-a-trypsin inhibitor to form HC-HA complexes. Both TSG-6 and HC-HA have been associated with inflammation. Here, we showed that loss of endogenous TSG-6 and HC-HA in TSG-6 null mice results in significantly delayed wound closure and differential neutrophil recruitment compared to wildtype mice. Both of these phenotypes were successfully rescued by reintroduction of TSG-6 into null wounds. We also observed leukocyte recruitment behavior upon chemical injury and propose interesting differences between wildtype and TSG-6 null animals. Further, we showed that levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNFa, and the presence of M1 proinflammatory macrophages, were elevated in TSG-6 null wounds compared to wild type wounds. To facilitate the analysis of wound macrophages, we have described a detailed protocol to isolate single cells from cutaneous wounds. In a nutshell, our study indicates that TSG-6 is required for normal wound closure and plays an important role in regulating inflammation during wound repair

Effects of AHCC on the Interaction between T and B Lymphocytes

AHCC is a beta-glucan derived from the shiitake mushroom. It is used as an immune supplement and is known to boost the immune system. The mechanisms involved are increased lymphocyte proliferation and reduction of inflammation. The effects have been well studied in T cells. However, factors produced by T cells that affect B cells have not been studied. In this study, we explored the gene products stimulated by the AHCC exposure in T lymphocytes which play a role in B cell function. Data from a prior gene array experiment were used to delineate the effects of AHCC on the interaction between T and B lymphocytes

Nurse manager’s perception of the nursing staff management in B and C Hospital, Birtamod, Nepal

The COVID-19 pandemic being experienced by people recently is a significant risk to public health worldwide. As a result, a concerted international effort is required to get healthcare systems ready for this unprecedented task. Nurses' output and level of care may both rise with good human resource management. This study will look at the viewpoints of nurse supervisors to help comprehend how they managed the nursing staff during the COVID-19 outbreak. The literature hasn't given much thought to nursing supervisors' perspectives during the COVID-19 epidemic. What front-line nurses have experienced is widely recognized. The very first exploratory approach on the experiences and viewpoints of B and C medical college and hospital nurse supervisors that was reported in Nepal focused on the COVID-19 pandemic. Worldwide, the pandemic has posed problems for the provision of healthcare, and many nations have shown a lack of resilience and emergency management. This research is both qualitative and topically structured. Five nurse managers were recruited for this study using the intentional sampling methodology. Data were gathered via extensive semistructured interviews. Ethical considerations were taken into account during the whole examination. Data administration in this study was made easier by the use of digital technologies. An exploratory design was applied too. It was discovered that nurse managers were aware of and had favorable sentiments about the organizational support of nursing professionals in the hospital. As indicated by greater accountability, autonomy, critical reflection, and advanced communication capabilities, they validated the beneficial effects of empowerment on their staff nurses, which ultimately improved overall safety and quality of patient care. The shifting demands regarding their management job and leadership style, however, resulted in nurse managers' experiences with these projects being inconsistent. Additionally, due to a focus on immediate patient care, a lack of communication, and closely planned projects, pressure was being felt by both staff nurses and nurse supervisors. The emotional support of nurses was a top priority for nurse managers throughout the pandemic, despite the fact that they were also stressed and exhausted. More consideration must be given to the psychological needs of nurse supervisors, implement measures to lessen their tiredness, and make arrangements for easily available assistance

Detections of water ice, hydrocarbons, and 3.3um PAH in z~2 ULIRGs

We present the first detections of the 3um water ice and 3.4um amorphous hydrocarbon (HAC) absorption features in z~2 ULIRGs. These are based on deep rest-frame 2-8um Spitzer IRS spectra of 11 sources selected for their appreciable silicate absorption. The HAC-to-silicate ratio for our z~2 sources is typically higher by a factor of 2-5 than that observed in the Milky Way. This HAC `excess' suggests compact nuclei with steep temperature gradients as opposed to predominantly host obscuration. Beside the above molecular absorption features, we detect the 3.3um PAH emission feature in one of our sources with three more individual spectra showing evidence for it. Stacking analysis suggests that water ice, hydrocarbons, and PAH are likely present in the bulk of this sample even when not individually detected. The most unexpected result of our study is the lack of clear detections of the 4.67um CO gas absorption feature. Only three of the sources show tentative signs of this feature and at significantly lower levels than has been observed in local ULIRGs. Overall, we find that the closest local analogs to our sources, in terms of 3-4um color, HAC-to-silicate and ice-to-silicate ratios, as well as low PAH equivalent widths are sources dominated by deeply obscured nuclei. Such sources form only a small fraction of ULIRGs locally and are commonly believed to be dominated by buried AGN. Our sample suggests that, in absolute number, such buried AGN are at least an order of magnitude more common at z~2 than today. The presence of PAH suggests that significant levels of star-formation are present even if the obscured AGN typically dominate the power budget.Comment: 39 pages, 14 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Detections of CO Molecular Gas in 24um-Bright ULIRGs at z~2 in the Spitzer First Look Survey

We present CO observations of 9 ULIRGs at z~2 with S(24\mu m)>1mJy, previously confirmed with the mid-IR spectra in the Spitzer First Look Survey. All targets are required to have accurate redshifts from Keck/GEMINI near-IR spectra. Using the Plateau de Bure millimeter-wave Interferometer (PdBI) at IRAM, we detect CO J(3-2) [7 objects] or J(2-1) [1 object] line emission from 8 sources with integrated intensities Ic ~(5-9)sigma. The CO detected sources have a variety of mid-IR spectra, including strong PAH, deep silicate absorption and power-law continuum, implying that these molecular gas rich objects at z~2 could be either starbursts or dust obscured AGNs. The measured line luminosity L'[CO] is (1.28-3.77)e+10[K km/s pc^2]. The averaged molecular gas mass M(H2) is 1.7e+10Msun, assuming CO-to-H2 conversion factor of 0.8Msun/[K km/s pc^2]. Three sources (33%) -- MIPS506, MIPS16144 & MIPS8342 -- have double peak velocity profiles. The CO double peaks in MIPS506 and MIPS16144 show spatial separations of 45kpc and 10.9kpc, allowing the estimates of the dynamical masses of 3.2e+11*sin^(-2)(i)Msun and 5.4e+11*sin^{-2}(i)Msun respectively. The implied gas fraction, M(gas)/M(dyn), is 3% and 4%, assuming an average inclination angle. Finally, the analysis of the HST/NIC2 images, mid-IR spectra and IR SED revealed that most of our sources are mergers, containing dust obscured AGNs dominating the luminosities at (3-6)um. Together, these results provide some evidence suggesting SMGs, bright 24um z~2 ULIRGs and QSOs could represent three different stages of a single evolutionary sequence, however, a complete physical model would require much more data, especially high spatial resolution spectroscopy.Comment: 15 pages, 8 figures, accepted for publication in ApJ

Security and Privacy of Electronic Medical Records

Information Technology is being used in many ways to improve the quality and effectiveness of healthcare. Electronic Medical Record (EMR) is a medical record system that is computerized and delivers care in an institution, such as a physician\u27s office or a hospital. EMR tends to be a part of a local stand-alone health information system that allows storage, retrieval, and modification of records. Electronic Medical Records are critical, highly sensitive, and private information in healthcare; these records are frequently shared among health care providers. There are concerns and questions about the security and privacy of their health information on the EMR among all the stakeholders in healthcare - any person or party who provides, receives, manages or pays for healthcare. It is essential to ensure the security and privacy of Electronic Medical Records and protect them from cyberattack