Ein spanischer Bericht über ein Turnier in Schaffhausen im Jahr 1436

Der Bericht, den wir in Urtext und Uebersetzung abdrucken, befndet sich in einem Sammelband der Biblioteca Nacional in Madrid (Mss. Ff 141, fol. 95 V. bis 102). Das Original scheint nicht nachweisbar zu sein, die Copie in dem Madrider Codex ist jedoch ohne Zweifel kurze Zeit nach seiner Abfassung angefertigt worden. Das Document wurde zum ersten mal veröffentlicht durch A. Paz y Melia in der Revista de Archives, Bibliotecas y Museos, Madrid 1903, No. 11, S. 292 ff. Eine Uebersetzung brachte Dr. R. David im Anzeiger für Schweizerische Alterthumskunde 1910, S. 131 ff. Beim Studium der Davidschen Uebersetzung wurden wir gewahr, daß in dem Bericht verschiedene Personen genannt werden, welche in Basel auch anderweitig bekannt sind. Wir verfolgten die Spuren und konnten allmählich eine Reihe von Nachweisen zusammentragen. Um dieselben anzubringen, sind wir genöthigt, das Schriftstück nochmals abzudrucken; dies rechtfertigt sich um so mehr, als auch in der Uebersetzung des an manchen Stellen schwierigen Textes einiges richtigzustellen ist. ..

Das Personen- und Familienrecht des ZGB von 1912: eine inhaltliche Untersuchung der Gesetzeskommentare des August Egger (1875-1954)

Mit dem Inkrafttreten des Schweizerischen Zivilgesetzbuches (ZGB) im Jahr 1912 gelangte die Schweiz erstmals in ihrer Geschichte zu einer landesweit einheitlichen Zivilrechtskodifikation. Als einer der ersten Juristen kommentierte der Zürcher Rechtsprofessor August Egger (1875-1954) das Personen- und Familienrecht des ZGB; dies in zwei Auflagen: Die Kommentare zum Personenrecht erschienen in den Jahren 1911 (also noch vor Inkrafttreten des ZGB) bzw. 1930; jene zum Familienrecht in den Jahren 1914 bzw., nunmehr in drei Bänden, 1936 (Eherecht), 1943 (Verwandtschaft) und 1948 (Vormundschaft). Diese Gesetzeskommentare – Eggers Lebenswerk – werden von Philipp Stehlin in seiner Dissertation in nahezu umfassender Weise untersucht. Dabei wird der Fokus auf den Inhalt von Eggers Darlegungen zu den einzelnen Gesetzesnormen gerichtet. Freigelegt werden sowohl Eggers Interpretation dieser Normen als auch Eggers konzeptionelle und systematische Einordnung derselben ins ZGB. Überdies werden Eggers Positionen, wo möglich, mit den Vorstellungen des Gesetzesredaktors, Eugen Huber (1849-1923), verglichen. Letzteres ermöglicht dem Leser nicht nur einen bequemen Nachvollzug von Hubers Vorstellungen, sondern verschafft ihm insbesondere auch Klarheit über die Frage, inwiefern der Huber-Schüler Egger von den Ideen seines Lehrers geprägt war. Damit der Leser auf den Beizug einer alten Gesetzesausgabe verzichten kann, wird jede einzelne der im vorliegenden Werk besprochenen Normen zitiert

Former Whistleblowers: Why the False Claims Act\u27s Anti-Retaliation Provision Should Protect Former Employees

Since the Civil War, the False Claims Act has served as a tool to combat fraud perpetrated against the government. Early fraud by government contractors during the Civil War was quaint: contractors selling the same horse twice or filling a Union Army contract for sugar with sand. Today, the government recovers billions of dollars annually through actions under the FCA. Essential to the FCA’s functioning are “relators,” private citizens who serve as whistleblowers incentivized to report fraud by receipt of a percentage of whatever amount the government recovers in damages. The government relies on relators to blow the whistle on fraud—over two-thirds of FCA recoveries since 1986 come from cases brought by relators as whistleblowers. So important are these relators that in 1986 Congress amended the FCA and included an anti-retaliation provision to provide relief for employees who experience retaliation from their employers for reporting fraud. This Note discusses a recent circuit split over whether the anti-retaliation provision of the FCA protects former employees against post-termination retaliation by their employers, arguing that the anti-retaliation provision extends to retaliation against former employees. In arguing in favor of a more inclusive definition of “employee” in the FCA’s anti-retaliation provision, this Note explores the history and purpose of the FCA, the legislative history of the FCA’s anti-retaliation provision, and the arguments for and against the inclusion of former employees under the provision’s protections. Finally, this Note calls for Supreme Court intervention or congressional action to clarify that the FCA’s anti-retaliation provision protects former employees from post-termination retaliation

Enhancements to the STAGS computer code

The power of the STAGS family of programs was greatly enhanced. Members of the family include STAGS-C1 and RRSYS. As a result of improvements implemented, it is now possible to address the full collapse of a structural system, up to and beyond critical points where its resistance to the applied loads vanishes or suddenly changes. This also includes the important class of problems where a multiplicity of solutions exists at a given point (bifurcation), and where until now no solution could be obtained along any alternate (secondary) load path with any standard production finite element code

Improved methods of forming monolithic integrated circuits having complementary bipolar transistors

Two new processes form complementary transistors in monolithic semiconductor circuits, require fewer steps /infusions/ than previous methods, and eliminate such problems as nonuniform h sub FE distribution, low yield, and large device formation

Human Facial Recognition By Northern Mockingbirds (Mimus polyglottos).

A number of studies have examined the ability of various animal species to recognize individual humans, but only a few have focused on native, non-captive birds. Previous research demonstrated that American Crows learn to recognize individual human faces. Other research indicated that Northern Mockingbirds learn to discriminate among individual humans, but did not examine the factors involved in the discrimination. We have begun a study of Northern Mockingbirds on the University of North Georgia campus in Dahlonega, GA, to test the hypothesis that Northern Mockingbirds learn to distinguish among individual humans based on facial recognition. Our field tests involve approaching and touching mockingbird nests on successive days and recording the responses of parent birds. We use masks of human faces which we interchange among researchers to determine if birds key on faces as a discriminating factor. We will also explore the possibility that birds may respond differently depending on proximity of nest sites to human pedestrian activity. Here we report on one preliminary field season; we plan to continue the project during future breeding seasons. Our research has received funding from the UNG Center for Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities and from the UNG Department of Biology

Rethinking climate futures through urban fabrics: (De)growth, densification, and the politics of scale

In the face of climate destabilizations and breakdowns, debates about (de)growth and scale have been particularly significant within critical scholarship. These debates counterpose radically different political positionings, with implications for how the planetary future is envisioned. Must societies build their way out of climate change’s existential threat via massive new investments in techno-infrastructural (re)development? Or are these visions fatally flawed, requiring altogether different programs of degrowth, techno-skeptical reimagination, and decentralization? We argue that disputes about scale and “descaling” for climate action require a better theory of the urban, especially in relation to density and processes of densification. We must trouble both the (over)sell of urban density and eco-efficiencies as a response to climate change, while also pushing against the persistent anti-urbanism in much thinking around descaling, decentralization, and relocalization. Ultimately, we argue that disputes about scale within climate action need more thorough grounding in actually existing geographies and their politics

Human Facial Recognition by Northern Mockingbirds

A number of studies have examined the ability of various animal species to recognize individual humans, but only a few have focused on native, non-captive birds. Previous research demonstrated that American Crows learn to recognize individual human faces. Other research indicated that Northern Mockingbirds learn to discriminate among individual humans, but did not examine the factors involved in the discrimination. Here we report on a study of Northern Mockingbirds on the University of North Georgia campus in Dahlonega, GA, to test the hypothesis that Northern Mockingbirds learn to distinguish among individual humans based on facial recognition. Our field tests involved approaching and touching mockingbird nests on successive days and recording the responses of parent birds. We used masks of human faces which we interchanged among researchers to determine if birds key on faces as a discriminating factor. The mockingbirds we tested indicated an ability to distinguish among humans based on facial recognition. Our research has received funding from the UNG Center for Undergraduate Research and Creative Activities and from the UNG Department of Biology

A possibilidade de recusa do pagamento de garantias bancárias on First Demand e as providências cautelares como meio de defesa do Banco garante

This dissertation intended to discuss and dissertate on the subject of bank guarantees and the means of defence that the guaranteeing bank may adopt in face of situations of abuse by a beneficiary of a bank guarantee. Therefore, it was demonstrated the situations that the doctrine and jurisprudence understand as possible for the bank to refuse the payment of the guarantees. After listing these situations, it was shown that precautionary procedures are the appropriate means of defence to react to the beneficiary's abuse. It was also defended that not only the payer can recourse to this means but also the guaranteeing bank will have an interest in using these procedures to avoid damages for itself and for the beneficiary. Finally, the dissertation aimed to demonstrate that in precautionary proceedings of this nature it is viable and even recommendable to request the reversal of the burden of bringing proceedings, proving that this procedure is useful and will be the best way to safeguard the interests of the guarantor bank.A presente dissertação pretendeu discutir e dissertar sobre o tema das garantias bancárias e dos meios de defesa que o banco garante pode adotar diante de situações de abuso por parte de um beneficiário de uma garantia bancária. Assim, foram expostas as situações que a doutrina e jurisprudência entendem como justificáveis ao banco para recusar o pagamento das garantias. Após o elenco destas situações, demonstrou-se que os procedimentos cautelares são o meio de defesa apto para reagir aos abusos do beneficiário no momento de acionamento da garantia. Foi também defendida a tese de que não só o ordenante pode utilizar este meio de defesa, mas também o banco garante terá o interesse em socorrer-se desta ferramenta para evitar prejuízos para si e para o beneficiário. Por fim, a dissertação pretendeu demonstrar que nos procedimentos cautelares desta natureza é viável e, até recomendável, que seja requerida a inversão do contencioso. Portanto, ao longo da tese foi defendido que o procedimento cautelar é a forma mais útil e apropriada para acautelar os interesses do banco garante