Formación en Psicología en el contexto de las directrices curriculares nacionales: una discusión sobre los escenarios de la práctica en salud

The aim of this study was to analyze the contributions that health care practice settings offer for students´ education in the undergraduation course of Psychology and regarding the New Curriculum Guidelines. This research was developed from the perspective of qualitative research involving two psychology courses in universities located in Santos/SP. Semi-structured interviews with 13 teachers and 4 students, focus groups with 14 students and document analysis of projects of the available online courses were used for data production. Data analysis focused on content analysis. The results showed that changes in the curriculum guidelines for the psychology course were positive, with emphasis on the inclusion of students in practice settings since the early years and the possibility of each institution to choose the emphases. They also indicate the need for further discussion of a more general education, as well as a psychological practice based on the principles of SUS (Unique Health System). The analyzes allowed to identify the points that still require further investigations and new investigations revealing the contemporality and the complexity of the theme in the context of changes in educational psychology as well as in the graduation courses in the country.Este artículo analiza las contribuciones que los escenarios de la práctica en salud, en la graduación en Psicología y en la perspectiva de las Nuevas Directrices Curriculares, ofrecen a la formación. La pesquisa fue desarrollada en la perspectiva de la investigación cualitativa e involucró dos cursos de Psicología en universidades ubicadas en la Baixada Santista/SP. Se utilizó para el desarrollo de la investigación las técnicas de entrevista semiestructurada con 13 profesores y 4 alumnos, grupos focales con 14 alumnos y análisis documental de los proyectos de los cursos, disponibles online, para la producción de los datos. En el campo del análisis de datos, se privilegió el análisis de contenido. Los resultados revelaron que cambios en las directrices curriculares para el curso de Psicología fueron consideradas positivas, con destaque para la inserción de los alumnos en escenarios de la práctica desde los primeros años y la posibilidad de que cada institución pudiese elegir los énfasis, e indican, también, la necesidad de la profundización de la discusión acerca de una formación más generalista así como de una práctica psicológica más pautada en los principios del SUS. Los análisis emprendidos permitieron aproximar focos que aún demandan profundización y nuevas investigaciones, revelando la contemporaneidad del tema y su complejidad en el contexto no apenas de las transformaciones en la enseñanza de la Psicología sino también de los cambios en la educación superior del País.Este artigo analisa as contribuições que os cenários da prática em saúde, na graduação em Psicologia e na perspectiva das Novas Diretrizes Curriculares, oferecem à formação. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida na perspectiva da pesquisa qualitativa e envolveu dois cursos de Psicologia em universidades situadas na Baixada Santista/SP. Utilizou-se para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa as técnicas de entrevista semiestruturada com 13 professores e 4 alunos, grupos focais com 14 alunos e análise documental dos projetos dos cursos, disponíveis online, para produção dos dados. No campo da análise de dados, privilegiou-se a análise de conteúdo. Os resultados revelaram que mudanças nas diretrizes curriculares para o curso de Psicologia foram consideradas positivas, com destaque para a inserção dos alunos em cenários da prática a partir dos primeiros anos e a possibilidade de cada instituição poder escolher as ênfases, e indicam, também, a necessidade do aprofundamento da discussão acerca de uma formação mais generalista bem como de uma prática psicológica mais pautada nos princípios do SUS. As análises empreendidas permitiram aproximar focos que ainda demandam aprofundamento e novas investigações, revelando a contemporaneidade do tema e sua complexidade no contexto não apenas das transformações no ensino da Psicologia como também das mudanças na educação superior do País.Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)UNIFESPSciEL

Distinct roles of c-Jun N-terminal kinase isoforms in neurite initiation and elongation during axonal regeneration

c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) (comprising JNK1-3 isoforms) are members of the MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) family, activated in response to various stimuli including growth factors and inflammatory cytokines. Their activation is facilitated by scaffold proteins, notably JNK-interacting protein-1 (JIP1). Originally considered to be mediators of neuronal degeneration in response to stress and injury, recent studies support a role of JNKs in early stages of neurite outgrowth, including adult axonal regeneration. However, the function of individual JNK isoforms, and their potential effector molecules, remained unknown. Here, we analyzed the role of JNK signaling during axonal regeneration from adult mouse dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, combining pharmacological JNK inhibition and mice deficient for each JNK isoform and for JIP1. We demonstrate that neuritogenesis is delayed by lack of JNK2 and JNK3, but not JNK1. JNK signaling is further required for sustained neurite elongation, as pharmacological JNK inhibition resulted in massive neurite retraction. This function relies on JNK1 and JNK2. Neurite regeneration of jip1(-/-) DRG neurons is affected at both initiation and extension stages. Interestingly, activated JNKs (phospho-JNKs), as well as JIP1, are also present in the cytoplasm of sprouting or regenerating axons, suggesting a local action on cytoskeleton proteins. Indeed, we have shown that JNK1 and JNK2 regulate the phosphorylation state of microtubule-associated protein MAP1B, whose role in axonal regeneration was previously characterized. Moreover, lack of MAP1B prevents neurite retraction induced by JNK inhibition. Thus, signaling by individual JNKs is differentially implicated in the reorganization of the cytoskeleton, and neurite regeneration

Chronic Use Of Diazepam In Primary Healthcare Centers: User Profile And Usage Pattern.

Chronic use of benzodiazepines is frequent in general practice. The aim of this study was to describe the usage pattern and profile of chronic users of diazepam who had been consuming this drug for a minimum of thirty-six months continuously. This was a descriptive study (survey and clinical assessment) at five primary healthcare centers in Campinas, Brazil. Psychotropic drug control books revealed 48 eligible patients. Among these, 41 were assessed by means of the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HAD) and a questionnaire on usage pattern. Most patients were women (85.4%). The patients' mean age was 57.6 years, and they were from the social strata C (39%), D (54%) and E (7%). The mean length of diazepam consumption was 10 years. The patients presented a lack of prescription compliance and had made frustrated attempts to stop using the drug. 55.5% said their doctor had never given any guidance on the effects of the drug. According to SCAN, 25 patients (61%) suffered from depressive disorders; only 12 cases of benzodiazepine dependence were detected by this instrument. There is a need to improve the detection and treatment of mental disorders, as well as to prevent inappropriate prescription and use of benzodiazepines. Diazepam dependence has distinctive characteristics that make it undetected by SCAN.125270-

Além de um Diálogo Reservado com as Estrelas: O Processo de Formação e Transformação do Terraço Jardim ao Telhado Verde

Um dos paradigmas da nova arquitetura [moderna] voltada para o século XX foi os cinco pontos da arquitetura, propostos pelo arquiteto Le Corbusier na década de 20 (vinte), a saber: planta livre de estrutura; construção sobre pilotis; terraço jardim; fachada livre e janela em fita. Nosso foco está centrado no processo de formação e transformação do terraço jardim, desde sua concepção de caráter formal e funcional, até consolidar-se no âmbito ambiental, no sentido de contemplar um balanço hídrico capaz de contribuir positivamente na drenagem pluvial das grandes cidades. Recorreremos aos saberes de Marc Bloch, quando cita que “para entendermos o presente precisamos estudar o passado”, pois objetivamos sublinhar um breve discurso diacrônico sobre os terraços jardins

Além de um Diálogo Reservado com as Estrelas: O Processo de Formação e Transformação do Terraço Jardim ao Telhado Verde

Um dos paradigmas da nova arquitetura [moderna] voltada para o século XX foi os cinco pontos da arquitetura, propostos pelo arquiteto Le Corbusier na década de 20 (vinte), a saber: planta livre de estrutura; construção sobre pilotis; terraço jardim; fachada livre e janela em fita. Nosso foco está centrado no processo de formação e transformação do terraço jardim, desde sua concepção de caráter formal e funcional, até consolidar-se no âmbito ambiental, no sentido de contemplar um balanço hídrico capaz de contribuir positivamente na drenagem pluvial das grandes cidades. Recorreremos aos saberes de Marc Bloch, quando cita que “para entendermos o presente precisamos estudar o passado”, pois objetivamos sublinhar um breve discurso diacrônico sobre os terraços jardins

Investigation of vaccinia virus in bovines and buffaloes from the Marajó region, Brazil: standardization of a diagnostic test

The genus Orthopoxvirus (OPXV), belongs to the family Poxviridae and has 12 species, including Vaccinia virus (VACV) and Smallpox virus (VARV). Clinically, lesions in cattle are mostly seen on the teats and udders of lactating cows, which appear as bloody sores. The course of infection to complete healing takes two to four weeks. In humans, infections are currently occupational zoonoses. Little is still known about the ecoepidemiology of these viral agents, requiring further studies to seek alternatives for infection prevention and control. We sought to evaluate the epidemiology of VACV in asymptomatic buffaloes and cattle from farms on Marajó region, Brazil. Serum samples of 247 animals were tested collected in 2009. Viral DNA was extracted using commercial kits and detection was performed by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), targeting the growth factor gene of Vaccinia (VGF), followed by Nested PCR. Samples were undetectable to VACV by the methods used in the animals studied, requiring continuous epidemiological surveillance in the region, especially considering previous reports of outbreaks involving poxviruses in the country

Religião e aborto: manutenção da criminalização do aborto e a predominância do cristianismo no Brasil / Religion and abortion: maintenance of the criminalization of abortion and the predominance of christianity in Brazil

O presente artigo debate a questão o aborto no Brasil, considerando seus aspectos jurídicos e sociais. Tal estudo, funda-se na compreensão da relação entre a proibição do aborto com a influência da doutrina cristã e sua forma de influenciar às questões sociais, políticas e legais. Assim, o objetivo precípuo é entender a participação do imaginário cristão, com seus preceitos de moral e ética, ao ponto de impedir que o abordo seja visto como questão de saúde pública. Daí surgem alguns questionamentos: a manutenção da criminalização do aborto está vinculada à influência cristã na sociedade brasileira? Como a doutrina católica se posiciona sobre o aborto está relacionado à visão cristã sobre o feminino? A descriminalização do aborto perpassa pela discussão do que seja pecado na lógica cristã? Para tanto, providenciou-se levantamento bibliográfico e documental sobre o tema, pelos prismas jurídico e religioso, visando estabelecer a conexão entre as conclusões extraídas pelas vertentes indicadas

High-yield methods for accurate two-alternative visual psychophysics in head-fixed mice

Research in neuroscience increasingly relies on the mouse, a mammalian species that affords unparalleled genetic tractability and brain atlases. Here, we introduce high-yield methods for probing mouse visual decisions. Mice are head-fixed, facilitating repeatable visual stimulation, eye tracking, and brain access. They turn a steering wheel to make two alternative choices, forced or unforced. Learning is rapid thanks to intuitive coupling of stimuli to wheel position. The mouse decisions deliver high-quality psychometric curves for detection and discrimination and conform to the predictions of a simple probabilistic observer model. The task is readily paired with two-photon imaging of cortical activity. Optogenetic inactivation reveals that the task requires mice to use their visual cortex. Mice are motivated to perform the task by fluid reward or optogenetic stimulation of dopamine neurons. This stimulation elicits a larger number of trials and faster learning. These methods provide a platform to accurately probe mouse vision and its neural basis