NEPHROPROTECTIVE OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTS EXTRACT FROM RED CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L. VAR. CAPITATA F. RUBRA) AGAINST GENTAMICIN-CAPTOPRIL-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS

 Objective: Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata f. rubra) has a fairly high anthocyanin content and is a source of powerful antioxidants. This study is basic for the development of a nutraceutical, which has nephroprotective activity.Methods: Red cabbage was extracted using ethanol and water with a mixture of citric acid with a variation of 1, 2, and 3%. The total anthocyanin was determined with pH-differential method. The Wistar strain male rats were divided into five groups. Group 1 as a negative control, Group 2 as a positive control treated with Vitamin E dose of 400 mg/kg BW day. Groups 3–5 were treated with three different extract dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. Gentamicin was given intraperitoneally and captopril orally for 3 days. Extracts and Vitamin E were administrated orally for 15 days after induction of gentamicin-captopril. Nephroprotective activity was determined by measuring the levels of serum creatinine, blood ureum, and macroscopic kidney.Results: The combination of 96% ethanol and citric acid 3% showed the percent of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl arrest of 75.23% and contained 53.49 ± 5.01 mg/L of total anthocyanin. The anthocyanin pigment from red cabbage extract can decrease the levels of creatinine and ureum, which dose of 100 mg/kg BW showed the highest value of 48.72%. There were differences in the macroscopic morphology in the rat kidney.Conclusion: Based on the results, we concluded that ethanol with 3% citric acid produced higher anthocyanin and showed nephroprotective activity.Â

Antiobesity and antihypercholesterolemic effects of white tea (Camellia sinensis) infusion on high-fat diet induced obese rats

Obesity may cause the lipid metabolisms disorder so that a risk factor for hypercholesterolemic. Catechin and epigallocatechin gallate in white tea potentially inhibit lipase activity. Caffeine compounds and catechin derivatives have a role as antihypercholesterolemic. The objective of this study was to explore antiobesity and antihypercholesterolemic activity from white tea infusions to lipase and total cholesterol in rats model fed a high-fat-diet. Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups. Negative control group was administered with distilled water. The positive control group was administered with orlistat dose 14.2 mg/kgBW. Group 3rd, 4th, and 5th were treated with white tea infussion doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kgBW/day, respectivelly. period and feed intake was calculated daily during the treatment. White tea doses of 500 mg/kgBW decrease the total cholesterol by 37.16±11 mg/dL, lipase level of 23.70±0.64 U/L, weight up to 3.53±1.21 g/day and decrease feed intake by 12.71±1.76 g/day. The infusion of white tea can decrease total cholesterol level, lipase level, body weight and feed intake. This study concluded that infusion of white tea has antiobesity and antihypercholesterolemic effect on rats fed high-fat-diet

Optimization transdermal patch of polymer combination of chitosan and HPMC-loaded ibuprofen using factorial designs

Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has a disadvantage in its oral use, such as gastrointestinal disorders, nausea, vomiting and gastric ulcers. Transdermal patch dosage forms are an alternative in overcoming this weakness. The transdermal patch is formulated using a special membrane that can control drug release in a matrix system. Therefore, this study optimizes chitosan and HPMC as polymers using a factorial design approach. The parameters tested included weight uniformity, patch thickness, swelling index, in vitro release rate, folding resistance, ibuprofen uniformity, surface pH, and moisture content. The interactions between the components were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR). The optimum concentration of chitosan was 0.5% and HPMC 6% with CV values for weight uniformity of 0.003 ± 1.202%; humidity 0.543 ± 5.595%; swelling index 4.611 ± 23,657%; thickness 0.052 ± 2.428%; surface pH 5; durability is less than 300 times and the uniformity of ibuprofen levels is 1.52 ± 2.99%. The design approach using the FFD22 obtained an effective and efficient mathematical-statistical model to determine the optimal polymer combination in the formula. As an additional instrument in design evaluation, the chemometric approach is constructive in modeling and optimization

OPTIMIZATION OF A NOVEL KINETIC-ASSISTED INFUNDATION FOR RICH-EGCG AND POLYPHENOLS OF WHITE TEA (CAMELLIA SINENSIS) USING CENTRAL COMPOSITE DESIGN

Objective: This research aimed to find modeling and optimization of a novel kinetic-assisted infundation for rich-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and polyphenols extraction from white tea leaf (Camellia sinensis L.).Methods: The optimal conditions for the best extraction of kinetic-assisted infundation were determined using central composite design. The content of EGCG, catechin, gallic acid, caffeine, theobromine, and theophylline was quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC/UV-detection). The total polyphenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) was measured using the spectrophotometric method. The semi-purified extract was characterized by HPLC, fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry-universal attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-UATR), and powder-X ray diffraction (P-XRD). The extraction mechanism of target compounds was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) qualitatively.Results: The optimum process for the rich-EGCG and polyphenolic extraction using kinetic-assisted infundation was the concentration of simplicia 14.75 %, the stir rate 440 rpm, and extraction time 12.31 min. The yield of extracts, TPC, TFC, EGCG, caffeine, gallic acid, and theobromine contents in the optimal extraction process were 9.34 %, 70.97 %, 13.95 %, 29.02 %, 11.95 %, 1.33 %, and 0.33 %, respectively.Conclusion: The kinetic-assisted infundation method proved to be easy to apply with good results as an alternative technique for extracting polyphenolic compounds and rich-EGCG from white tea leaves

METHOD VALIDATION OF SIMVASTATIN IN PCL-PEG-PCL TRIBLOCK COPOLYMER MICELLES USING UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC FOR SOLUBILITY ENHANCEMENT ASSAY

Objective: This study aims to increase the solubility of simvastatin (SIM), a hydrophobic drug, by incorporating it into PCL-PEG-PCL triblock copolymer micelles and validating the assay method used, namely Uv-Vis spectrophotometric. Methods: The shake flask method was used to determine the increase in solubility experienced by SIM after being incorporated into the micellar system. The values ​​of maximum wavelength (λmax), linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, and precision were used as parameters measured to assess the validity of the assay method used. Results: The results showed that PCL-PEG-PCL triblock copolymer micelles could increase SIM solubility by 9.7 times (89.49±5.75 µg/ml) compared to SIM without modification (9.19±0.24 µg/ml). The validation results show the λmax value of 239 nm, a linear calibration curve with an R-value of 0.9994, LOD and LOQ of 0.33 µg/ml and 1.00 µg/ml, accurate measurement with recovery at concentrations of 80%, 100%, and 120% were 102.93±1.32%, 100.78±0.40%, and 104.58±0.79% and also had good precision ​​with RSD<2%. Conclusion: The PCL-PEG-PCL triblock copolymer micelles can increase SIM solubility and the Uv-Vis spectrophotometric method has been validated successfully for the quantitative analysis of SIM in PCL-PEG-PCL triblock copolymer micelles

POLA MANAJEMEN HKI PT. TROPICA NUCIFERA INDUSTRY SEBAGAI STRATEGI PENGEMBANGAN USAHA DAN TEROBOSAN CERDAS MEMBINA KEMITRAAN DENGAN INSTANSI PEMERINTAH

The study entitled �The Pattern of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) Management at PT. Tropica Nucifera Industry as a Strategy of Bussiness Development and Smart Breakthrough to Develop Partnership with Goverment Resort�, has been done. It�s an interesting phenomenon that creativity will match with IPR. Intelligence to gain the partnership with stakeholder is breakthrough in a business. The expectation is to achieve a great yet economic challenge. The aims of this qualitative study is understanding about the pattern of intellectual property and IPR at PT. TNI. Understanding on the strategy of bussiness development. Besides that is to understand about intellectual property management to gain the partnership with goverment resort. The method to collect the data were used interview method, observation, documentation and library study. Sampling method as a data resource were used purposive sampling and snowball sampling. The result is PT. TNI could not manage intellectual property in a strong IPR management. The sistematic pattern of IPR at PT. TNI have not seen yet. Strategy of bussiness development have smooth and simplicity impression. It means, with limited resources PT. TNI try to approach with potential ousiders to support bussiness progression. The result is competitive advantage could be created on the competition. Partnership with goverment and the society through the effort of integreted coconut manufacturing is a form of creative breakthrough in order to improve the chance in business

Understanding the combination of fractional factorial design and chemometrics analysis for screening super-saturable quercetin-self nano emulsifying components

Quercetin is formulated in a super saturable - self-nano emulsifying (SS-SNE) to increase its stability and bioavailability. This study focuses on the screening design for SS-SNE components with a fractional factorial design (FrFD) approach and chemometric analysis. The FrFD method was chosen because it provides comprehensive benefits. The oil components used are canola and grape seed oil. Croduret 50-SS was selected as a surfactant and PEG 400 as a co-surfactant. The interaction of SNE components was evaluated using FTIR-ATR instrumentation. SNE droplet morphology was observed using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The selected formulas were grape seed oil as oil phase at 19.6%, croduret at 60%, and PEG 400 as co-surfactant with a concentration of 16.6%. The selected formula has a droplet size of 133.27 nm, PDI of 0.181, the zeta potential of 17.00 mV, electrophoretic mobility of 1.332 µmcm/Vs, emulsification time of 10.05 seconds, a viscosity of 370.147 mPa.s, and a drug load of 31.70 mg/mL. The components of grape seed oil, croduret, and PEG 400 resulted in a quercetin carrier SNE formula that met the criteria. FrFD design and chemometric analysis in the screening process can help determine the selected formula very effectively and efficiently

NEPHROPROTECTIVE OF ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTS EXTRACT FROM RED CABBAGE (BRASSICA OLERACEA L. VAR. CAPITATA F. RUBRA) AGAINST GENTAMICIN-CAPTOPRIL-INDUCED NEPHROTOXICITY IN RATS

 Objective: Red cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capitata f. rubra) has a fairly high anthocyanin content and is a source of powerful antioxidants. This study is basic for the development of a nutraceutical, which has nephroprotective activity.Methods: Red cabbage was extracted using ethanol and water with a mixture of citric acid with a variation of 1, 2, and 3%. The total anthocyanin was determined with pH-differential method. The Wistar strain male rats were divided into five groups. Group 1 as a negative control, Group 2 as a positive control treated with Vitamin E dose of 400 mg/kg BW day. Groups 3–5 were treated with three different extract dose of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW. Gentamicin was given intraperitoneally and captopril orally for 3 days. Extracts and Vitamin E were administrated orally for 15 days after induction of gentamicin-captopril. Nephroprotective activity was determined by measuring the levels of serum creatinine, blood ureum, and macroscopic kidney.Results: The combination of 96% ethanol and citric acid 3% showed the percent of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl arrest of 75.23% and contained 53.49 ± 5.01 mg/L of total anthocyanin. The anthocyanin pigment from red cabbage extract can decrease the levels of creatinine and ureum, which dose of 100 mg/kg BW showed the highest value of 48.72%. There were differences in the macroscopic morphology in the rat kidney.Conclusion: Based on the results, we concluded that ethanol with 3% citric acid produced higher anthocyanin and showed nephroprotective activity.Â

Antiobesity and antihypercholesterolemic effects of white tea (Camellia sinensis) infusion on high-fat diet induced obese rats

Obesity may cause the lipid metabolisms disorder so that a risk factor for hypercholesterolemic. Catechin and epigallocatechin gallate in white tea potentially inhibit lipase activity. Caffeine compounds and catechin derivatives have a role as antihypercholesterolemic. The objective of this study was to explore antiobesity and antihypercholesterolemic activity from white tea infusions to lipase and total cholesterol in rats model fed a high-fat-diet. Twenty-five rats were divided into five groups. Negative control group was administered with distilled water. The positive control group was administered with orlistat dose 14.2 mg/kgBW. Group 3rd, 4th, and 5th were treated with white tea infussion doses of 125, 250 and 500 mg/kgBW/day, respectivelly. period and feed intake was calculated daily during the treatment. White tea doses of 500 mg/kgBW decrease the total cholesterol by 37.16±11 mg/dL, lipase level of 23.70±0.64 U/L, weight up to 3.53±1.21 g/day and decrease feed intake by 12.71±1.76 g/day. The infusion of white tea can decrease total cholesterol level, lipase level, body weight and feed intake. This study concluded that infusion of white tea has antiobesity and antihypercholesterolemic effect on rats fed high-fat-diet

Optimization transdermal patch of polymer combination of chitosan and HPMC-loaded ibuprofen using factorial designs

Ibuprofen is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug that has a disadvantage in its oral use, such as gastrointestinal disorders, nausea, vomiting and gastric ulcers. Transdermal patch dosage forms are an alternative in overcoming this weakness. The transdermal patch is formulated using a special membrane that can control drug release in a matrix system. Therefore, this study optimizes chitosan and HPMC as polymers using a factorial design approach. The parameters tested included weight uniformity, patch thickness, swelling index, in vitro release rate, folding resistance, ibuprofen uniformity, surface pH, and moisture content. The interactions between the components were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry-attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR). The optimum concentration of chitosan was 0.5% and HPMC 6% with CV values for weight uniformity of 0.003 ± 1.202%; humidity 0.543 ± 5.595%; swelling index 4.611 ± 23,657%; thickness 0.052 ± 2.428%; surface pH 5; durability is less than 300 times and the uniformity of ibuprofen levels is 1.52 ± 2.99%. The design approach using the FFD22 obtained an effective and efficient mathematical-statistical model to determine the optimal polymer combination in the formula. As an additional instrument in design evaluation, the chemometric approach is constructive in modeling and optimization