Recurrent pregnancy loss at gynecology and obstetrical hospital in Duhok Province

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss is physically and emotionally harmful for mothers. This study aimed to find out the prevalence and associated factors of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in pregnant women in Duhok province.Methods: In this retrospective study, the medical records of the patients who had pregnancy loss and registered in Duhok Maternity Hospital were reviewed for the period of January - December 2019. Accordingly, 300 women aged 18 years and older with pregnancy loss were included in this study.Results: The prevalence of EPL was 16.3%. The study found that patients with RPL were statistically older compared to those patients without RPL, (39.27 vs. 33.24 years; P<0.001), respectively. Besides, the RPL group had a significantly higher percentage of family history of pregnancy loss (12.24% vs. 1.20%; P<0.001). The patients with RPL had significantly higher prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (14.29% vs. 3.59%; P=0.002), cervical incompetence (8.16% vs. 0.80%; P=0.002), structural abnormalities of uterus (14.29% vs. 4.8%; P=0.012), and polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) (40.82% vs. 11.95%; P<0.001). There was no significant association of RPL with smoking (P=0.261).Conclusions: This study revealed a high prevalence of RPL in patients with pregnancy loss. Also, the study showed that the patients in the RPL group were significantly older and had a higher prevalence of medical illnesses; including chlamydia trachomatis, cervical incompetence, structural anomalies of the uterus, and polycystic ovarian syndrome

Tinjauan Hukum Islam Terhadap Penyelenggaraan Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan Nasional

One of the events of muamalah that does not have legal status in the Qur'an or al-Hadith is the practice of insurance operations. In the practice of operationalization of insurance there is a goal for the main seek for profit and the main social goals. Judging from the main purpose, then the insurance is divided into commercial insurance and social insurance. Social insurance or Government insurance is usually carried out by a public legal entity owned by the Government. One of the government's insurance is BPJS Health. The practice of BPJS Health in its opera- tion was reaping public polemic at the beginning of operation. One of his polemics is related to the existence of elements of gara>r, maisi>r and usury in practice. The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the operationalization of BPJS Health in the review of Islamic law as well as to know its akad in review of sharia economic law. This research is a qualitative research with normative approach, while the data used are in the form of legislation and some normative rules related to the implementation of social health insurance as well as some libraries relating to the implementation of social health insurance. The type of insurance operated by BPJS Health is social insurance. Social insurance is a new thing in muamalah, so to set it necessary use of ijtihad and qiya> s. Social insurance in BPJS Health in general is in accordance with the principles of Islamic law. Social insurance used by BPJS Health in terms of contract is also still in accordance with the principles of sharia economic law. The implementation of social health insurance is very closely related to the ethos of mutual cooperation which is the implementation of ta'a>wun towards virtue

Impact of increased digital use and internet gaming on nursing students' empathy: a cross-sectional study

Background: The COVID-19 restrictions and quarantines had led to increased dependence and usage of digital devices for various human activities and internet gaming to the extent of risking vulnerable individuals to develop addiction towards it. Little is known on such risks among populations of nursing students and its impact on their empathy skills or trait. Objective: Determining the impact of digital use and internet gaming on empathy of nursing students undergoing remote learning during closure of learning institutions nationwide. Design: Cross-sectional online survey was conducted from October to December 2020. Settings: Two established public institutions located in Malaysia. Participants: A total of 345 nursing students pursuing diploma and bachelor nursing programs. Methods: Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ), Digital Addiction Scale (DAS) and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short form (IGDS9-SF) were self-administered via Google Form™. Following principal component analysis of TEQ using IBM-SPSS™ (V-27), path analyses was performed using SmartPLS™ (V-3). Results: Despite the increased time spent on digital devices (Δ 2.8 h/day) and internet gaming (Δ 1 h/week) before and during the pandemic, the proportion of high digital users (1.4 %) and gamers (20.9 %) were low; and sizable ≈75 % had higher-than-normal empathy. Digital-related emotions and overuse of them were associated with lower empathy (β = − 0.111, − 0.192; p values < 0.05) and higher callousness (β = 0.181, 0.131; p values < 0.05); internet gaming addiction predicted callousness (β = 0.265, p < 0.001) but digital dependence correlated with higher empathy (β = 0.172, p = 0.009). Conclusions: Digital and internet gaming addiction potentially impact empathy. The negative impact of digital dependence can be attenuated by “digital empathy” – an emerging phenomenon becoming increasingly vital in digital health and communication

Recombinant Human Growth Hormone and Rosiglitazone for Abdominal Fat Accumulation in HIV- Infected Patients with Insulin Resistance: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Factorial Trial

Background: Recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) reduces visceral adipose tissue (VAT) volume in HIV-infected patients but can worsen glucose homeostasis and lipoatrophy. We aimed to determine if adding rosiglitazone to rhGH would abrogate the adverse effects of rhGH on insulin sensitivity (SI) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) volume. Methodology/Principal Findings: Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter trial using a 262 factorial design in which HIV-infected subjects with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance were randomized to rhGH 3 mg daily, rosiglitazone 4 mg twice daily, combination rhGH + rosiglitazone, or double placebo (control) for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in SI by frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test from entry to week 12. Body composition was assessed by whole body magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and dual Xray absorptiometry (DEXA). Seventy-seven subjects were randomized of whom 72 initiated study drugs. Change in SI from entry to week 12 differed across the 4 arms by 1-way ANCOVA (P = 0.02); by pair-wise comparisons, only rhGH (decreasing SI; P = 0.03) differed significantly from control. Changes from entry to week 12 in fasting glucose and glucose area under the curve on 2- hour oral glucose tolerance test differed across arms (1-way ANCOVA P = 0.004), increasing in the rhGH arm relative to control. VAT decreased significantly in the rhGH arms (217.5% in rhGH/rosiglitazone and 222.7% in rhGH) but not in the rosiglitazone alone (22.5%) or control arms (21.9%). SAT did not change significantly in any arm. DEXA results were consistent with the MRI data. There was no significant rhGH x rosiglitazone interaction for any body composition parameter. Conclusions/Significance: The addition of rosiglitazone abrogated the adverse effects of rhGH on insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance while not significantly modifying the lowering effect of rhGH on VAT

Effects of Croping System and Fertilizer on Sweet Corn and Vegetable Soybean Intercrop

Corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean are two important crops world wide, due to their diversified use. The Malaysian climate is suitable for the production of these two crops but the country imports large quantity of corn and soybean grains per annum to satisfy the country’s demand. These two crops are grown in association in other parts of the world for the sake of yield advantage or risk minimization. However, the available literatures indicate that increased corn yield and declined soybean yield, as well as reduced yield of both corn and soybean under intercropping systems, or no change on yield. Shading, higher nutrient and water uptake by corn was attributed as the major factor causing yield decline of soybean in intercrop. Shading, higher nutrient and water uptake by corn was attributed as the major factor causing yield decline of soybean in intercrop. However, insufficient efforts have been made to study the compatibility of these two crops and effect of fertilizers on soybean and corn intercrop under Malaysian conditions Hence, this research has been carried out in 2004/2005 to determine the effect of cropping systems and fertilizer levels on growth, yield, root morphology, light interception, nutrient uptake and utilization efficiency of sweet corn and vegetable soybean as well as their effect on soil fertility, and protein content of soybean grain. Sweet corn and vegetable soybean were grown in rhizoboxes. Treatments were five cropping systems and three fertilizer levels in factorial combinations. Intercropped vegetable soybean without root separation (Cs3) and with geotextile root separation (Cs5) resulted in 11.2% higher harvest index (HI) than mono-crop vegetable soybean (Cs2). Cs3 had 16.1% higher grain yield and 20.7% more Mg accumulation in the grain than mono-crop vegetable soybean. Intercropped vegetable soybean without root separation and with geotextile root separation enhanced N, K and Ca utilization efficiency of vegetable soybean compared to mono-crop vegetable soybean. Absence of root separation (Cs3) and geotextile root separation (Cs5) did not have significant influence on yield of sweet corn. Mono-crop sweet corn and intercropped sweet corn with plastic sheet root separation had higher total root length compared to intercropped sweet corn without root separation and with geotextile root separation. Intercropped sweet corn with plastic sheet root separation at the highest fertilizer level (Cs4F3) had higher N, K, Ca and Mg utilization efficiency than mono-crop sweet corn. Increasing fertilizer levels enhanced growth and yield of both crops; although increasing fertilizer level more than the recommended rate reduced the total root length and root surface area of vegetable soybean. Increasing fertilizer level from 50% recommended rate (F1) to 100% recommended rate (F2) improved stem (24%), pod (35%), seed (44%) and total dry weight (27%) per plant of vegetable soybean. When the fertilizer level was increased further from 100% (F2) to 150% (F3), stem (17%), pod (19%), seed (17%) and total dry weight (18%) per plant was also enhanced. Similarly, increasing fertilizer level from F1 to F2 enhanced cob fresh weigh (76%) as well as shelled cobs (90%) and total dry weight (95.5%) per plant of sweet corn. Further increase of fertilizer levels from F2 to F3, enhanced cob fresh weight (63%), total dry matter (59%), and seed dry weight (143%) and shelled cob dry weight (57%). There was a positive correlation between growth and yield; yield and nutrient uptake of sweet corn and vegetable soybean, and this indicates better crop response to fertilizer applications. Plastic sheet and geotextile root separation significantly enhanced available soil P after harvest of the crops. In vegetable soybean grown soils, increasing fertilizer level from the lowest level to the medium (F2) improved soil P by 29.1%, further increase of fertilizer level from F2 to F3 (highest level) enhanced soil P by 23.2 %; the exchangeable soil K was enhanced from the medium to highest fertilizer level by 30%. In sweet corn grown soil, available P and exchangeable soil K increased from the lowest to the medium fertilizer level by 96% and 19% respectively, and no further increase was recorded. Hence, intercropped vegetable soybean is a better option than mono-crop vegetable soybean, and better nutrient use is main factor for improved soybean yield in Cs3. The current recommended fertilizer rate is not enough and 150% of the recommended rate seems to be the best choice in this work

Akuntansi Keuangan Menengah (Intermediate Accounting) Buku Dua

xvi, 540 hlm.; 23,5 x 15 c