Polyresistant Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Human and Sympatric Sheep, Spain, 2017–2018

The main etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB) in livestock is Mycobacterium bovis; human TB cases caused by M. bovis are rare. Analysis of a TB outbreak caused by polyresistant M. bovis involving a human and sympatric sheep in Spain suggests local circulation of drug-resistant M. bovis strains among livestock.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Polyresistant Mycobacterium bovis Infection in Human and Sympatric Sheep, Spain, 2017-2018.

The main etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB) in livestock is Mycobacterium bovis; human TB cases caused by M. bovis are rare. Analysis of a TB outbreak caused by polyresistant M. bovis involving a human and sympatric sheep in Spain suggests local circulation of drug-resistant M. bovis strains among livestock.This work was supported by the Department of Agriculture, Livestock, Fisheries and Food of the Government of Catalonia and by the Spanish Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food. The Institute of Agrifood Research and Technology is supported by Centres de Recerca de Catalunya Programme/Generalitat de Catalunya.S

Caso de Rabia canina importada de Marruecos a España. Junio de 2013.

El 5 de junio de 2013, el servicio de epidemiología de Castilla-La Mancha notificó al Centro de Coordinación de Alertas y Emergencias Sanitarias (CCAES) un caso confirmado de rabia en un perro abatido por la policía en la ciudad de Toledo el 1 de junio. El animal había mordido a cuatro niños y un adulto. Uno de los niños requirió hospitalización e ingresó en la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos. El Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia para lyssavirus realizó el diagnóstico por inmunofluorescencia, PCR y cultivo celular, así como la secuenciación genómica de la cepa del virus y su comparación con las cepas circulantes en países endémicos. Inmediatamente tras conocerse los resultados, los cuatro niños y el adulto recibieron profilaxis post-exposición con vacuna e inmunoglobulina1 . Las investigaciones preliminares revelaron que el perro había viajado con sus dueños el 22 de mayo desde Cataluña a una pequeña localidad a 10 km de Toledo. Según los dueños, el perro había escapado unos días antes de ser localizado en Toledo. En ese momento existía la sospecha, aún sin confirmar, de que el perro hubiera estado unos meses antes en Marruecos. España (territorio peninsular, Islas Baleares y Canarias) ha estado libre de rabia terrestre desde 1978. Tras recibir la notificación y según lo establecido en el Plan de Contingencia para el control de la rabia en España2 , se constituyó una comisión técnica formada por representantes de la Dirección General de Salud Pública, Calidad e Innovación del Ministerio de Sanidad, Servicios Sociales e Igualdad (DGSPCI), la Dirección General de Sanidad de la Producción Agrícola y Ganadera del Ministerio de Agricultura, Alimentación y Medio Ambiente (DGSPA), las Comunidades Autónomas afectadas, el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia de rabia y el Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (CNE). Los objetivos de esta comisión eran coordinar la investigación del suceso, evaluar el riesgo para la salud humana y animal, proponer la activación de los correspondientes niveles de alerta y coordinar la aplicación de las medidas de control apropiadas.N

Multiancestry analysis of the HLA locus in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases uncovers a shared adaptive immune response mediated by HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes

Across multiancestry groups, we analyzed Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) associations in over 176,000 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and Alzheimer’s disease (AD) versus controls. We demonstrate that the two diseases share the same protective association at the HLA locus. HLA-specific fine-mapping showed that hierarchical protective effects of HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes best accounted for the association, strongest with HLA-DRB1*04:04 and HLA-DRB1*04:07, and intermediary with HLA-DRB1*04:01 and HLA-DRB1*04:03. The same signal was associated with decreased neurofibrillary tangles in postmortem brains and was associated with reduced tau levels in cerebrospinal fluid and to a lower extent with increased Aβ42. Protective HLA-DRB1*04 subtypes strongly bound the aggregation-prone tau PHF6 sequence, however only when acetylated at a lysine (K311), a common posttranslational modification central to tau aggregation. An HLA-DRB1*04-mediated adaptive immune response decreases PD and AD risks, potentially by acting against tau, offering the possibility of therapeutic avenues

Effectiveness of interceptive treatment of class III malocclusions with skeletal anchorage: A systematic review and meta-analysis

<div><p>Recently, new strategies for treating class III malocclusions have appeared. Skeletal anchorage appears to reduce the dentoalveolar effects while maximising the orthopaedic effect in growing patients. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to examine the effectiveness of bone anchorage devices for interceptive treatment of skeletal class III malocclusions. Searches were made in the Pubmed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane databases, as well as in a grey literature database, and were complemented by hand-searching. The criteria for eligibility were: patients who had undergone orthodontic treatment with skeletal anchorage (miniplates and miniscrews). Patients with syndromes or craniofacial deformities or who had undergone maxillofacial surgery were excluded. The following variables were recorded for each article: author, year of publication, type of study, sample size, dropouts, demographic variables, treatment carried out, radiographic study (2D or 3D), follow-up time, and quality of the articles on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. The means and confidence intervals of the following variables were employed: Wits, overjet, ANB, SNA and SNB. Initially, 239 articles were identified. After removing the duplicates and applying the selection criteria, 9 were included in the qualitative synthesis and 7 in the quantitative synthesis (meta-analysis). It may be concluded that skeletal anchorage is an effective treatment for improving skeletal Class III malocclusion, but when compared with other traditional treatments such as disjunction and face mask, there is no clear evidence that skeletal anchorage improves the results.</p></div

Changes in overjet (mm).

<p>Effectiveness of skeletal anchorage in comparison with the control group and with the expander and face mask group.</p

Changes in SNB (degrees).

<p>Effectiveness of skeletal anchorage compared to control group and to expander and face mask.</p

Advantages and disadvantages of skeletal anchorage according to the studies reviewed.

<p>Advantages and disadvantages of skeletal anchorage according to the studies reviewed.</p

The PRISMA flow diagram.

<p><i>From</i>: Moher D, Liberati A, Tetzlaff J, Altman DG, The PRISMA Group (2009). <i>P</i>referred <i>R</i>eporting <i>I</i>tems for <i>S</i>ystematic Reviews and <i>M</i>eta<i>-A</i>nalyses: The PRISMA Statement. PLoS Med 6(7): e1000097. doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed1000097" target="_blank">10.1371/journal.pmed1000097</a>. <b>For more information, visit</b><a href="http://www.prisma-statement.org" target="_blank">www.prisma-statement.org</a>.</p

Mutations in JMJD1C are involved in Rett syndrome and intellectual disability

Purpose: autism spectrum disorders are associated with defects in social response and communication that often occur in the context of intellectual disability. Rett syndrome is one example in which epilepsy, motor impairment, and motor disturbance may co-occur. Mutations in histone demethylases are known to occur in several of these syndromes. Herein, we aimed to identify whether mutations in the candidate histone demethylase JMJD1C (jumonji domain containing 1C) are implicated in these disorders. Methods: we performed the mutational and functional analysis of JMJD1C in 215 cases of autism spectrum disorders, intellectual disability, and Rett syndrome without a known genetic defect. Results: we found seven JMJD1C variants that were not present in any control sample (~ 6,000) and caused an amino acid change involving a different functional group. From these, two de novo JMJD1C germline mutations were identified in a case of Rett syndrome and in a patient with intellectual disability. The functional study of the JMJD1C mutant Rett syndrome patient demonstrated that the altered protein had abnormal subcellular localization, diminished activity to demethylate the DNA damage-response protein MDC1, and reduced binding to MECP2. We confirmed that JMJD1C protein is widely expressed in brain regions and that its depletion compromises dendritic activity. Conclusions: our findings indicate that mutations in JMJD1C contribute to the development of Rett syndrome and intellectual disability