Exploratory Category Structure of the Formation of Intellectual Capital

The objective of the present work was to specify a model for the study of governance training. The theory intellectual capital essentially means that there is an indirect relationship between vocational training and job placement. Leadership styles are mediators in this process because they transfer values and norms that guide needs and expectations, as well as skills and knowledge to carry out the tasks and achieve the achievements. A non-experimental, documentary, cross-sectional and exploratory study was carried out with a selection of sources indexed to Latin American leading repositories, considering the publication period and ISSN and DOI registration; Dialnet, Latindex, Publindex, Redalyc and Scielo repositories. Since the specified model can be contrasted, the inclusion of factors such as empowerment and entrepreneurships are recommended to establish the scope and limits of the model

Culture circles—Dialogue on knowledge and perceptions regarding sexuality in adolescents

Objetivo. Conocer cuáles son los saberes y percepciones presentes en adolescentes de una escuela de nivel medio superior, respecto a la sexualidad, además de indagar los principales intereses que este grupo sugiere que sean temas incorporados en la educación que reciben sobre sexualidad. Metodología. Se implementó la metodología de círculos de cultura, propuesta por Paulo Freire, que incluye la observación participante con diario de campo, grabación de audio y filmación. Resultados. Para los adolescentes la educación sexual que reciben tanto en casa como en la escuela no es suficiente para abordar todas sus dudas, sobre todo al momento de hablar de temas como el erotismo y su debut sexual. Objective. Know what knowledge and perceptions have the adolescents of a Mexican high school with respect to sexuality, and investigate the main interests that this group suggested as important to incorporate in the education they receive about sexuality. Methodology. The dialogical methodology proposed by Paulo Freire was implemented: for culture circles, which include participant observation with field diary, audio recording and filming. Results. It was found that for adolescents the sexual education received both at home and at school is not enough to address all their doubts, especially when talking about topics such as eroticism and their sexual debut

Photovoltaic Glass Waste Recycling in the Development of Glass Substrates for Photovoltaic Applications

Because of the increasing demand for photovoltaic energy and the generation of end-of-life photovoltaic waste forecast, the feasibility to produce glass substrates for photovoltaic application by recycling photovoltaic glass waste (PVWG) material was analyzed. PVWG was recovered from photovoltaic house roof panels for developing windows glass substrates; PVWG was used as the main material mixed with other industrial waste materials (wSG). The glass was casted by air quenching, annealed, and polished to obtain transparent substrates samples. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) was deposited as back contact on the glass substrates by spray pyrolysis. The chemical composition of the glass materials was evaluated by X-ray fluorescence (XRF), the thermal stability was measured by differential thermal analysis (DTA) and the transmittance was determined by UV-VIS spectroscopy. The surface of the glass substrates and the deposited FTO were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the amorphous or crystalline state of the specimens were determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the sheet resistance was evaluated by the four-point probe method. The sheet resistance of the deposited FTO on the wSG substrate was 7.84 ± 3.11 Ω/, lower than that deposited on commercial soda-lime glass (8.48 ± 3.67 Ω/), meaning that this material could present improved conduction of the produced electrons by the photovoltaic effect. This process may represent an alternative to produce glass substrates from waste materials that could be destined for photovoltaic applications, especially the production of ecological photovoltaic windows

Staphylococcus aureus RESISTENTE A METICILINA EN HOSPITALES DE HERMOSILLO, SONORA

Se determinó la prevalencia de resistencia a meticilina y las características epidemiológicas de aislamientos de Staphylococcus aureus en el Centro Médico Dr. Ignacio Chávez (CMIC) y el Hospital Infantil del Estado de Sonora (HIES) de la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Se estudiaron 288 aislamientos de S. aureus recuperados de muestras clínicas, desde el 01 de septiembre de 2008 al 31 de agosto de 2009. La identifi cación y pruebas de susceptibilidad se realizaron utilizando el sistema Vitek2. La resistencia a meticilina se determinó por el método de difusión en disco utilizando cefoxitina. La prevalencia de S. aureus resistente a meticilina (SARM) en el CMIC fue de 9,5 y en el HIES 13,8%. SARM se aisló de muestras de piel y tejido blando (50,0%) y de muestras tomadas en los servicios de terapia intermedia (18,7%), cirugía (18,7%) e infectología (18,7%). Todos los aislamientos de SARM presentaron resistencia a eritromicina y fueron sensibles a vancomicina, nitrofurantoína y cloranfenicol. Este estudio reveló la ocurrencia de aislamientos de SARM en dos hospitales de la Ciudad de Hermosillo, durante un año de vigilancia epidemiológica. Aunque la prevalencia de SARM no presentó niveles alarmantes en ninguno de los hospitales estudiados, se recomienda reforzar las medidas para el control de infecciones

Estudio de redes neuronales para el pronóstico de la demanda de asignaturas

La planeación de cursos de un centro educativo o universidad está compuesta por múltiples problemas complejos como lo es la asignación de horarios para los alumnos, salones y profesores para cada asignatura. Uno de los problemas iniciales es determinar la cantidad de asignaturas que se ofertarán; este problema parece sencillo a simple vista ya que una vez que se tenga la información de la cantidad de alumnos aprobados para cada asignatura, se puede calcular fácilmente la siguiente demanda de asignaturas. Sin embargo, existen ocasiones en los que la planeación de cursos del siguiente período inicia antes de tener la información relativa a la aprobación de los alumnos. Lo cual nos lleva al problema del pronóstico de los porcentajes de aprobación para calcular la demanda de asignaturas de los alumnos. En este trabajo se compara el desempeño de modelos causales contra modelos estadísticos para el pronóstico de los porcentajes de aprobación y reprobación de los alumnos. Los resultados finales muestran una ventaja importante de los métodos causales sobre los métodos estadísticos para los casos de prueba. Consideramos que esta ventaja ocurre debido a que el modelo causal aprende los patrones de comportamiento de los datos de entrenamiento de forma independiente en vez de generalizar porcentajes de acreditación. Además de lo anterior, el método estadístico puede presentar problemas importantes al tratar de pronosticar porcentajes de acreditación para situaciones que no se encuentren en los datos de entrenamiento, mientras que el modelo causal utilizará la información aprendida para pronosticar dichas situaciones

Estudios sobre violencia en la educación. Enfoques, textos y contextos

El concepto de la violencia ha estado sobre la palestra desde el principio de nuestras sociedades. No obstante, en la práctica sus facetas son múltiples y en diversos ámbitos, lo que ha dado lugar a especulaciones acerca de los medios y los fines. Esto mismo incita a reflexionar en lo axiológico, pues la violencia alberga en sí un elemento adicional de arbitrariedad y, por lo tanto, se relaciona con aspectos fundamentales del derecho o los derechos humanos. En los ámbitos educativos han aparecido nuevas formas de violencia personal, que se reflejan en el bullying y el mobbing. En el ámbito universitario, existe un malestar que no se palía con estímulos o clientelismos y que se refiere a un tipo de violencia particular soterrada por las políticas públicas y el intervencionismo del Estado, los cuales han provocado tensiones entre las comunidades académicas; éstas tienen que ver con la defensa de los principios de libertad y autonomía de cátedra e investigación. En algunos casos, dichas voces han formulado críticas a los programas impuestos, ya que éstos se establecen sin reflexionar en los costos sociales que provocan en el trabajo académico y científico. De esas formas de violencia se quiere dar cuenta en esta obra, la cual fue desarrollada por la Red de Cuerpos Académicos en Política, Educación y Universidad

Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretación.

El estudio del turismo se realiza desde múltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexión sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, así como los asuntos específicos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las políticas públicas, el papel de las universidades, las áreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es básico para la comprensión del sistema turístico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusión del libro es lo glocal, esa interacción entre lo nacional y local con lo global

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in children and adolescents from 48 countries: a cross-sectional study

Background: Approximately 450 000 children are born with familial hypercholesterolaemia worldwide every year, yet only 2·1% of adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia were diagnosed before age 18 years via current diagnostic approaches, which are derived from observations in adults. We aimed to characterise children and adolescents with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and understand current approaches to the identification and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia to inform future public health strategies. Methods: For this cross-sectional study, we assessed children and adolescents younger than 18 years with a clinical or genetic diagnosis of HeFH at the time of entry into the Familial Hypercholesterolaemia Studies Collaboration (FHSC) registry between Oct 1, 2015, and Jan 31, 2021. Data in the registry were collected from 55 regional or national registries in 48 countries. Diagnoses relying on self-reported history of familial hypercholesterolaemia and suspected secondary hypercholesterolaemia were excluded from the registry; people with untreated LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of at least 13·0 mmol/L were excluded from this study. Data were assessed overall and by WHO region, World Bank country income status, age, diagnostic criteria, and index-case status. The main outcome of this study was to assess current identification and management of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia. Findings: Of 63 093 individuals in the FHSC registry, 11 848 (18·8%) were children or adolescents younger than 18 years with HeFH and were included in this study; 5756 (50·2%) of 11 476 included individuals were female and 5720 (49·8%) were male. Sex data were missing for 372 (3·1%) of 11 848 individuals. Median age at registry entry was 9·6 years (IQR 5·8-13·2). 10 099 (89·9%) of 11 235 included individuals had a final genetically confirmed diagnosis of familial hypercholesterolaemia and 1136 (10·1%) had a clinical diagnosis. Genetically confirmed diagnosis data or clinical diagnosis data were missing for 613 (5·2%) of 11 848 individuals. Genetic diagnosis was more common in children and adolescents from high-income countries (9427 [92·4%] of 10 202) than in children and adolescents from non-high-income countries (199 [48·0%] of 415). 3414 (31·6%) of 10 804 children or adolescents were index cases. Familial-hypercholesterolaemia-related physical signs, cardiovascular risk factors, and cardiovascular disease were uncommon, but were more common in non-high-income countries. 7557 (72·4%) of 10 428 included children or adolescents were not taking lipid-lowering medication (LLM) and had a median LDL-C of 5·00 mmol/L (IQR 4·05-6·08). Compared with genetic diagnosis, the use of unadapted clinical criteria intended for use in adults and reliant on more extreme phenotypes could result in 50-75% of children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia not being identified. Interpretation: Clinical characteristics observed in adults with familial hypercholesterolaemia are uncommon in children and adolescents with familial hypercholesterolaemia, hence detection in this age group relies on measurement of LDL-C and genetic confirmation. Where genetic testing is unavailable, increased availability and use of LDL-C measurements in the first few years of life could help reduce the current gap between prevalence and detection, enabling increased use of combination LLM to reach recommended LDL-C targets early in life

Will boron be essential for human nutrition?

The importance of boron (B) as a micronutrient for vascular plants was proven by Katherine Warington in 1923 (1). Soon after this discovery, researchers also began to study whether B is essential for animal and human nutrition. Currently, the importance of Bfor human nutrition is not accepted or proven within the scientific community, and therefore continuesto be in question.The first evidence that B could be anessential micronutrient for humans was presented by Dr. Rex Newnham at the International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals-4 (TEMA-4) held in Perth, Australiain 1981 (2). This author claimed that ingesting6 mg B day-1of sodium tetraborate could alleviate arthritic pain. In addition, Newnham et al. (3) reported that in countries with B intakes around 3 mg B day1 or less such as Jamaica andMauritius, the incidence of arthritis is near to 70%. However in countries such as Israel, Australia, and New Zealand where the B intakes is equal or higher than 6 mg B day-1, the incidence of arthritis on the population were absent or the incidence rate was less than 1%.With these results, he hypothesized that B is an important micronutrient for human metabolism. Recently published research reported that people older than 40 yearsof age can prevent and/or correct arthritis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, cancer (cervical and prostate) and cardiovascular diseases by taking B equal to or higher than 3 mg day-1 (4,5). This scientific finding is in agreement with what occurs with populations from Italy, Cyprus, and Turkey; in these countries the feeding is based on the famous healthy Mediterranean diet that includes staple foods rich in B such as grape, broccoli, garlic, tomato, pomegranate and olives combined with the consumption of drinking water with high levels of B, which frequently results in intakes of B higher than 13 mg day-1 person-1 (6). Several researchers (7,8) agree that in these countries, the high B intake explains why their population has been considered the healthiest in the world, especially those from Tuscany, Italy. There are three main sources that supply B for humans: 1).- Drinking water; 2).-Vegetable foods (mainly fruits and vegetables); and 3).- Products daily used for personal care (soaps, lipsticks, shampoo, skin cream, gastric antacids, cosmetics, detergents, contraceptives and estrogen supplements) (9,10,11). These sources,on average, supply aroundof 0.6, 1.0, and 0.5 mg B day-1 person-1, respectively

Will boron be essential for human nutrition?

The importance of boron (B) as a micronutrient for vascular plants was proven by Katherine Warington in 1923 (1). Soon after this discovery, researchers also began to study whether B is essential for animal and human nutrition. Currently, the importance of Bfor human nutrition is not accepted or proven within the scientific community, and therefore continuesto be in question.The first evidence that B could be anessential micronutrient for humans was presented by Dr. Rex Newnham at the International Symposium on Trace Elements in Man and Animals-4 (TEMA-4) held in Perth, Australiain 1981 (2). This author claimed that ingesting6 mg B day-1of sodium tetraborate could alleviate arthritic pain. In addition, Newnham et al. (3) reported that in countries with B intakes around 3 mg B day1 or less such as Jamaica andMauritius, the incidence of arthritis is near to 70%. However in countries such as Israel, Australia, and New Zealand where the B intakes is equal or higher than 6 mg B day-1, the incidence of arthritis on the population were absent or the incidence rate was less than 1%.With these results, he hypothesized that B is an important micronutrient for human metabolism. Recently published research reported that people older than 40 yearsof age can prevent and/or correct arthritis, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, cancer (cervical and prostate) and cardiovascular diseases by taking B equal to or higher than 3 mg day-1 (4,5). This scientific finding is in agreement with what occurs with populations from Italy, Cyprus, and Turkey; in these countries the feeding is based on the famous healthy Mediterranean diet that includes staple foods rich in B such as grape, broccoli, garlic, tomato, pomegranate and olives combined with the consumption of drinking water with high levels of B, which frequently results in intakes of B higher than 13 mg day-1 person-1 (6). Several researchers (7,8) agree that in these countries, the high B intake explains why their population has been considered the healthiest in the world, especially those from Tuscany, Italy. There are three main sources that supply B for humans: 1).- Drinking water; 2).-Vegetable foods (mainly fruits and vegetables); and 3).- Products daily used for personal care (soaps, lipsticks, shampoo, skin cream, gastric antacids, cosmetics, detergents, contraceptives and estrogen supplements) (9,10,11). These sources,on average, supply aroundof 0.6, 1.0, and 0.5 mg B day-1 person-1, respectively