Chinese Customs Regulations on Cross-Border E-Commerce: A Growth Opportunity for Foreign Enterprises and Chinese Commercial Platforms

1980年代以来，通信技术快速提高，在 全球范围内加速了消费方式的改变，全球化 趋势加强，并由此带来了各种变化和改进， 比如新技术，更快、更便捷的通道和运输方 式，创造了名为电子商务的货物买卖新方 式。世界贸易组织认识到这种新的贸易方式 的发展及其带来的新机遇。1998年5月，该 组织第二次部长级会议通过的《全球电子商 务宣言》中，电子商务得到正式采用。自那 时以来，电子商务的术语被理解为通过电子 手段生产、分配、营销、销售或交付的货物 和服务。即使今天的电子商务并不是一个新 问题，我们可以说，它已成为卖家和买家， 同时也成为在这个过程中所涉及的所有中 介，其消费、工作和收入来源的流行和稳定 方式。文本将关注跨境电子商务及其在中国 海关法规中具有的意义，电子商务平台的主 要特点和其发展将面临的挑战，及其对消费 者、企业和政府造成的影响进行分析。 The fast improvement of communications since 1980´s has sped up the way of world-wide consumption. The embrace of globalization and all the changes and improvements that come with it, such as new technologies, faster and more accessible routes and ways of transportation, have created a new way to sell and buy goods named electronic commerce or e commerce.This new way of commerce was officially adopted in May, 1998 in the Declaration on Global Electronic Commerce of the Second Ministerial Conference of the World Trade Organization, which recognizes the growth of this new way of trade and the new opportunities it brings with.then, the term of electronic commerce, or e-commerce, is understood as to mean the production, distribution, marketing, sale or delivery of goods and services by electronic means1 Even if today e-commerce is not a new subject, we can say it has become a popular and stable way of consumption, job, and income source, not only for the seller and buyer, but also for all the intermediaries involved in the process. In this article, the characteristics of cross-border e-commerce and its implication on Chinese Customs legislations and commercial platforms will be analyze by noting their main characteristics and the challenges shared for development, as well as the effects they generate among consumers, enterprises and the government

Colors in the dark

Plants have the ability to regulate their growth and development according to available light (Li et al., 2012). Light perception occurs through photoreceptors, such as phytochromes, cryptochromes, and phototropins, that translate the signal inside cells where arrays of transcription factors repress or activate genes required for cellular processes (Kong and Okajima, 2016; Mawphlang and Kharshiing, 2017). One of these processes is the regulation of pigment synthesis, including chlorophylls and carotenoids

Responsabilidad penal medio ambiental empresarial en España y la participación de organizaciones no gubernamentales medio ambientales (ONGMA)

This paper has the aim of pointing out the environmental enterprises’ criminal liability in Spain. Considering this, it proposes an environmental criminal policy based in two main ideas: the participation of the Environmental NonGovernmental Organizations in the elaboration of criminal compliance programmes in a framework where the self-enforcement is common and the access to environmental justice of this organizations Keywords: Spanish Enterprises Criminal Liability. ENGO. Compliance Programmes. Environmental Justice. Participation Rights.Este documento pretende analizar la responsabilidad penal medio ambiental de las empresas en España. A su vez, propone una política criminal medio ambiental fundamentada en dos ideas principales: por un lado, la participación de Organizaciones No Gubernamentales Medio Ambientales en la elaboración de programas de cumplimiento penal en un contexto donde la autorregulación es comúnmente aceptada y, por otro lado, el acceso a la justicia de estas organizaciones ambientales. Palabras clave: Responsabilidad Penal Empresarial Española. ONGM. Programas de Cumplimiento. Justicia Medio Ambiental. Derechos de Participación

Un desenlace antimaniqueísta en el Himno a san Demetrio (nº 71) de Romano Melodo

El Himno a san Demetrio (nº 71) de Romano Melodo presenta, en su desenlace de la historia del martirio, un excursus sin relación alguna con la leyenda del santo y con las versiones de su hagiografía, que traslada a los fieles oyentes un sentir eminentemente antiherético, en concreto, antimaniqueísta. En este artículo se propone una traducción a la lengua castellana de dicho fragmento griego y se analiza la digresión por parte del autor del texto hímnico, con el objeto de arrojar luz sobre el contexto de producción y ejecución del kontákion en honor del santo tesalonicenseThe Hymn to St. Demetrios (nº 71) by Romanos the Melodist presents in its denouement of the story of the martyrdom an excursus entirely unrelated to the legend of the saint and the various versions of his hagiography. The excursus conveys a deep antiheretical and anti-Manichaean sense to the listeners. This article offers a Spanish translation of this Greek fragment and analyzes the hymn author’s digression, in order to shed light on the context of the production and execution of the kontakion in honor of the Thessalonian sain

Life with an anomalous left coronary artery originating from the pulmonary trunk

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston UniversityThe anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital heart defect occurring approximately one out of every 300,000 live births. ALCAPA is a coronary artery anomaly in which the left coronary artery originates anomalously from the pulmonary trunk rather than from its usual origin, the aorta. It is a serious heart defect with a presentation range from severe congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction in infants to asymptomatic survival into adulthood. ALCAPA is one of the most common causes of myocardial ischemia and infarction in infants and children, and if untreated can cause death in up to 90% of cases due to heart failure. With technological advances in diagnosis and treatment, there are increasing numbers of ALCAPA patients surviving into adulthood. This trend is seen with CHD in general with over 85% of treated children born with CHD surviving into adulthood today with an estimated increase in the next few decades. Although ALCAPA patients undergo "corrective" surgery, they are never truly cured, and patients must manage their condition as a mild, moderate, or potentially severe chronic disease. Through a review of current literature about ALCAPA patients and adults with CHD in general, this thesis explores the postoperative physiological outcome, psychosocial effects, and health care options of treated pediatric ALCAPA patients that survived into adulthood. We have found that there are still significant unknowns about the future of adult ALCAPA survivors. First, earlier diagnosis and treatment of ALCAPA can lead to good outcomes, yet it is unknown whether it is feasible to find the defect before it manifests and treat it before any damage has occurred. Secondly, long-term studies of patients are currently insufficient to determine the health of these patients past a decade or two. Lastly, the current health care options for ALCAPA and adults with CHD in general do not currently meet the needs of this unique population, as they require highly specialized services in order to ensure their health

Unraveling dissipation-related features in magnetic imaging by bimodal magnetic force microscopy

Magnetic Force Microscopy (MFM) is the principal characterization technique for the study of low-dimensional magnetic materials. Nonetheless, during years, the samples under study was limited to samples in the field of data storage, such as longitudinal hard disk, thin films, or patterned nanostructures. Nowadays, thanks to the advances and developments in the MFM modes and instrumentation, other fields are emerging like skyrmionic structures, 2D materials or biological samples. However, in these experiments artifacts in the magnetic images can have strong impact and need to be carefully verified for a correct interpretation of the results. For that reason, in this paper we will explore new ideas combining the multifrequency modes with the information obtained from the experimental dissipation of energy associated to tip-sample interaction

Justification of violence and security in the family system as predictors of child-to-parent violence

The abuse of a child towards his/her parents, also known as parental violence (CPV), constitutes a serious social and family problem due to its short- and long-term consequences, which not only directly affect the victim but also generate a rupture within the family nucleus. Previous studies have found that certain family and personal variables are risk factors for the development of CPV. The objective of this study was to analyze the relationship of justification of violence and security in the family system (security, disengagement and preoccupation) with child-to-parent violence (CPV) towards mother and father. Sample comprised 183 adolescents (97 male and 86 female high school students), between 13 and 18 years old (Mean age = 14.94; SD = .81) from the province of Málaga. Child-to-Parent Aggression Questionnaire (CPAQ; Calvete, Gámez-Guadix, Orue, González-Diez, López de Arroyabe, Sampedro, et al., 2013) was employed to assess CPV towards mother and father. Justification of violence and security in the family system were analyzed using the Justification of Violence subscale of the Irrational Beliefs Scale for Adolescents (ECIA; Cardeñoso & Calvete, 2004) and the Security in the Family System Scale (SIFS; Forman & Davies, 2005), respectively. Regarding violence towards mother, results showed that, in the case of female participants, there was a significant relationship with disengagement, whereas in the case of male participants there was a significant relationship with both justification of violence and security in the family environment. Converserly, with regard to violence towards father, there was a significant relationships with justification of violence in the case of females, and with justification and violence and disengagement in the case of male participants. However, no relationship was found between the preoccupation subescale and child-to-parent violence.Universidad de Málaga. Campus de Excelencia Internacional Andalucía Tech