Findings from the Workshop on User-Centered Design of Language Archives

This white paper describes findings from the workshop on User-Centered Design of Language Archives organized in February 2016 by Christina Wasson (University of North Texas) and Gary Holton (University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa). It reviews relevant aspects of language archiving and user-centered design to construct the rationale for the workshop, relates key insights produced during the workshop, and outlines next steps in the larger research trajectory initiated by this workshop. The purpose of this white paper is to make all of the findings from the workshop publicly available in a short time frame, and without the constraints of a journal article concerning length, audience, format, and so forth. Selections from this white paper will be used in subsequent journal articles. So much was learned during the workshop; we wanted to provide a thorough documentation to ensure that none of the key insights would be lost. We consider this document a white paper because it provides the foundational insights and initial conceptual frameworks that will guide us in our further research on the user-centered design of language archives. We hope this report will be useful to members of all stakeholder groups seeking to develop user-centered designs for language archives.U.S. National Science Foundation Documenting Endangered Languages Program grants BCS-1543763 and BCS-1543828

Spectra of Open-Shell Nuclei with Pad\'e-Resummed Degenerate Perturbation Theory

We apply degenerate many-body perturbation theory at high orders for the ab-initio description of ground states and excitation spectra of open-shell nuclei using soft realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions. We derive a recursive formulation of standard degenerate many-body perturbation theory that enables us to evaluate order-by-order perturbative energy and state corrections up to the 30th order. We study 6,7-Li as test cases using a similarity renormalization group (SRG) evolved nucleon-nucleon interaction from chiral effective field theory. The simple perturbation series exhibits a strong, often oscillatory divergence, as was observed previously for ground states of closed-shell nuclei. Even for very soft interactions resulting from SRG evolutions up to large flow parameter, i.e. low momentum scales, the perturbation series still diverges. However, a resummation of the perturbation series via Pad\'e approximants yields very stable and converged ground and excited-state energies in very good agreement with exact no-core shell-model calculations for the same model space.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures; minor changes to match published versio

Universal Algorithm for Simulating and Evaluating Cyclic Voltammetry at Macroporous Electrodes by Considering Random Arrays of Microelectrodes

An algorithm for the simulation and evaluation of cyclic voltammetry (CV) at macroporous electrodes such as felts, foams, and layered structures is presented. By considering 1D, 2D, and 3D arrays of electrode sheets, cylindrical microelectrodes, hollow‐cylindrical microelectrodes, and hollowspherical microelectrodes the internal diffusion domains of the macroporous structures are approximated. A universal algorithm providing the timedependent surface concentrations of the electrochemically active species, required for simulating cyclic voltammetry responses of the individual planar, cylindrical, and spherical microelectrodes, is presented as well. An essential ingredient of the algorithm, which is based on Laplace integral transformation techniques, is the use of a modified Talbot contour for the inverse Laplace transformation. It is demonstrated that first‐order homogeneous chemical kinetics preceding and/or following the electrochemical reaction and electrochemically active species with non‐equal diffusion coefficients can be included in all diffusion models as well. The proposed theory is supported by experimental data acquired for a reference reaction, the oxidation of [Fe(CN)6]4− at platinum electrodes as well as for a technically relevant reaction, the oxidation of VO2+ at carbon felt electrodes. Based on our calculation strategy, we provide a powerful open source tool for simulating and evaluating CV data implemented into a Python graphical user interface (GUI)

Angewandte Programmierübung Teil III - Ferret

Version 1.0.2 (2016

Finite Heterogeneous Rate Constants for the Electrochemical Oxidation of VO2+ at Glassy Carbon Electrodes

The electrochemical oxidation of VO2+ at planar glassy carbon electrodes is investigated via stationary and rotating linear sweep voltammetry as well as via chronoamperometry. It is demonstrated that introducing finite kinetic rate constants into the Butler-Volmer equation captures the experimentally observed concentration dependence of the ordinate intercept in Koutecky-Levich plots that cannot be explained by using the classical model. This new concept leads to a three-term Koutecky-Levich equation considering mass transport limitations, Butler-Volmer kinetics, as well as finite heterogeneous kinetics simultaneously. Based on these findings it is pointed out that stationary linear sweep voltammetry followed by an irreversible Randles-Sevcik analysis is not sufficient for deducing the electrode kinetics of the VO2+-oxidation. In contrast, it is verified experimentally and theoretically that a Tafel analysis will still provide reasonable values of k(0) = 1.35 . 10(-5) cm/s and alpha = 0.38, respectively. Finally, it is shown that introducing the concept of finite heterogeneous kinetics into the theory of stationary linear sweep voltammetry also explains the failure of the irreversible Randles-Sevcik relation leading to an extension of the classical model and providing insight into the electrochemical oxidation reaction of VO2+

Bringing User-Centered Design to the Field of Language Archives

This article describes findings from a workshop that initiated a dialogue between the fields of user-centered design (UCD) and language archives. One of the challenges facing language archives is the fact that they typically have multiple user groups with significantly different information needs, as well as varying cultural practices of data sharing, access and use. UCD, informed by design anthropology, can help developers of language archives identify the main user groups of a particular archive; work with those user groups to map their needs and cultural practices; and translate those insights into archive design. The article describes findings from the workshop on User-Centered Design of Language Archives in February 2016. It reviews relevant aspects of language archiving and user-centered design to construct the rationale for the workshop, relates key insights produced during the workshop, and outlines next steps in the larger research trajectory initiated by this workshop. One major insight from the workshop was the discovery that at present, most language archives are not meeting the needs of most users. Representatives from all user groups expressed frustration at the current design of most language archives. This discovery points to the value of introducing a user-centered approach, so that the design of language archives can be better informed by the needs of users.National Foreign Language Resource Cente

A mini-review on decorating, templating of commercial and electrospinning of new porous carbon electrodes for vanadium redox flow batteries

Carbon-based materials have become indispensable in the field of electrochemical applications, especially for energy storage or conversion purposes. A large diversity of materials has been proposed and investigated in the last years. In this mini-review, we present recent advances in the design of carbon-based materials for application in vanadium redox flow batteries. As main part, different modification and fabrication methods for carbon-based electrodes are described. The decoration of carbon felts and graphite felts with metals or metal compounds to enhance mostly the electrocatalysis of the negative side is illustrated with examples. Furthermore, various options of synthesizing porous C-C composites are discussed, with specific emphasis on graphene-based composites as well as nitrogen doped composites and biomass-derived carbons. Apart from that the method of electrospinning is also examined in detail, a method which not only allows the production of nanofibrous high surface area electrodes, but also allows adaptation of fiber thickness and architecture. In this review the significant strengths of each method are pointed out, but also particular weaknesses are discussed with respect to the later battery performance. Finally, an outlook is given pointing to the remaining challenges that need to be overcome in the future

Tampere3 ja muutoksen johtaminen : viestintä, osallistaminen ja luottamus tutkimus- ja opetushenkilökunnan kertomuksissa

Tampere3-tapaustutkimuksena toteutettu pro gradu -tutkielma muodostuu kasvatustieteiden tiedekunnan ohjeiden mukaisesta vertaisarviointiin hyväksytystä tutkimusartikkelista. Tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan eläytymismenetelmän avulla tuotettujen kirjoitelmien välittämää kuvaa muutosjohtamisesta; sitä, miten muutosjohtamisen kautta kolme korkeakoulua yhdistävään muutokseen voidaan korkeakouluyhteisö sitouttaa ja millainen sen arki – muutokseen sitouttamisen onnistuessa tai epäonnistuessa – on muutaman vuoden kuluttua. Muutoksessa kolmesta korkeakoulusta tulee yksi korkeakoulu, Tampereen yliopisto. Korkeakoulujen muutos, erityisesti niiden yhdistäminen, on globaali trendi. Tutkimus tehtiin teoriasidonnaisesti eli peilaamalla empiiristä aineistoa aiempiin tutkimuksiin ja teorioihin, kuten Lewinin ja Kotterin muutosjohtamismalleihin sekä Hayesin prosessidynamiikkateoriaan. Tutkimusaineisto (n=27) kerättiin kolmen yhdistyvän korkeakoulun, eli Tampereen yliopiston (TaY), Tampereen teknillisen yliopiston (TTY) ja Tampereen ammattikorkeakoulun (TAMK) sattumanvaraisesti valittujen eri tiedekuntien ja yksiköiden tutkimus- ja opetushenkilökunnan jäseniltä eläytymismenetelmää käyttäen. Kehyskertomusten avulla henkilöstöä ohjattiin pohtimaan Tampere3-muutosjohtamistapojen sitouttamiskykyä ja ennakoimaan korkeakouluyhteisön tulevaisuutta muutokseen sitouttamisen onnistumisen tai epäonnistumisen näkökulmasta. Tutkimustulosten mukaan muutokseen sitouttamisessa ei tähän mennessä ole onnistuttu. Muutosjohtaminen on toteutettu ylhäältä alaspäin erillään korkeakouluyhteisön arjesta. Kokemuksena on, että yhteisöä ei ole osallistettu eikä kuunneltu päätöksenteossa, mikä mielletään arvostuksen puutteena. Epäonnistumisskenaarioiden mukaan mikään ei muutu ja tulevaisuudessa tämä näkyy korkeakouluyhteisön arjessa huonona työilmapiirinä ja työmotivaationa, kampusten erillisyytenä, siirtymisenä muihin yliopistoihin ja yritysmaailmaan, pysähtyneisyytenä ja opiskelijoiden tyytymättömyytenä. Onnistumisnäkökulmien mukaan vielä kuitenkin on mahdollista muuttaa johtamistyyliä toteutettavaksi alhaalta ylöspäin. Tällaisen johtamisen kautta tapahtuva avoin ja läpinäkyvä, koko korkeakouluyhteisöä koskeva viestintä- ja osallistamiskulttuuri synnyttää toteutuessaan luottamusta ja sitä kautta hyvää työilmapiiriä ja motivaatiota, yhteisöllisyyttä, kollegiaalisuutta yli kampusrajojen, parempaa opetusta ja tutkimusta, enemmän innovaatioita sekä opiskelijoiden tyytyväisyyttä. Näiden askelmerkkien kautta Tampere3-korkeakouluyhteisön on mahdollista saavuttaa merkittävä kilpailukyky niin kansallisesti kuin kansainvälisesti

Exploit fully automatic low-level segmented PET data for training high-level deep learning algorithms for the corresponding CT data

We present an approach for fully automatic urinary bladder segmentation in CT images with artificial neural networks in this study. Automatic medical image analysis has become an invaluable tool in the different treatment stages of diseases. Especially medical image segmentation plays a vital role, since segmentation is often the initial step in an image analysis pipeline. Since deep neural networks have made a large impact on the field of image processing in the past years, we use two different deep learning architectures to segment the urinary bladder. Both of these architectures are based on pre-trained classification networks that are adapted to perform semantic segmentation. Since deep neural networks require a large amount of training data, specifically images and corresponding ground truth labels, we furthermore propose a method to generate such a suitable training data set from Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography image data. This is done by applying thresholding to the Positron Emission Tomography data for obtaining a ground truth and by utilizing data augmentation to enlarge the dataset. In this study, we discuss the influence of data augmentation on the segmentation results, and compare and evaluate the proposed architectures in terms of qualitative and quantitative segmentation performance. The results presented in this study allow concluding that deep neural networks can be considered a promising approach to segment the urinary bladder in CT images.Comment: 20 page