Óleo de uva para produção de biodiesel

The grape cultivation in Brazil has intensified each year, this product is generally intended for the production of beverages as juices and wines. But some problems are reported associated with the production of these beverages, major one being the residue obtained in the process of crushing grapes which is characterized with a high pollution potential, and about 40% of the grapes processed is processed in this residue. With the aim of making this production, have sought to destinations waste generated. It is generally intended for use in animal feeds and fertilizers but several studies have investigated the application of oil contained in the residue to produce biodiesel. This form of the residue reuse in the process tends to improve the production of wine, besides improving new technologies, strengthening national industry and agriculture. Thus, the aim of this paper is to describe briefly the problems associated with waste generation grape and the use of oil in this for allocation for biodiesel production.O cultivo de uva no Brasil tem se intensificado a cada ano, sendo este produto geralmente destinado à produção de bebidas como sucos e vinhos. Porém são relatados alguns problemas associados à produção destas bebidas, sendo o principal o resíduo obtido no processo de prensagem da uva que é caracterizado com elevado potencial poluidor, sendo cerca de 40% da uva processada é transformada neste resíduo. Com o objetivo de viabilizar esta produção, tem-se buscado destinações ao resíduo gerado. Geralmente, destina-se ao uso de rações animais e adubos, porém diversos trabalhos tem estudado a aplicação do óleo contido no resíduo para a produção de biodiesel. Esta forma de reutilizar o resíduo do processo tende a melhorar a produção vinícola, além de aprimorar novas tecnologias, fortalecendo a indústria e a agricultura nacional. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho é descrever de forma sucinta os problemas associados à geração de resíduos da uva e o aproveitamento do óleo contido neste para a destinação para produção de biodiesel

Primary Perianal Malignant Melanoma in a Dog - Combination Therapy

Background: Melanocytic neoplasm can arise from melanocytes in any location of the body. Malignant melanoma (MM) has a poor prognosis in dogs and presence of lymphvascular invasion, distant metastasis, or mitotic activity present prognostic value. Primary melanoma affecting the gastrointestinal tract has been rarely reported in veterinary literature, thus the prognosis affecting gastrointestinal tract is unknown. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is an effective local treatment which combines chemotherapeutic drugs mainly bleomycin or cisplatin followed by the delivery of permeabilizing electrical pulses However, other hydrophilic drugs seem to present an increase cytotoxic effect such as carboplatin.Case: A 9-year-old mixed-breed neutered dog was referred to a private clinic with a mass in the perianal region diagnosed as perianal melanoma. No metastasis was observed on abdominal ultrasound nor chest x-ray (3 views). Clinical signs noted were tenesmus, hemorrhagic discharge, weight loss and hyporexia. Considering the tumor volume (16.0 x 10.0 cm), a neoadjuvant ECT session was proposed. The authors opted for carboplatin (300 mg/m², intravenously), administered over 20 min and cisplatin intratumorally (1 mg/cm³, equivalent to 1 mL/1cm³; total volume 20 mL) administered in the upper parts of the mass that could be reached while avoiding drug leakage. After administration, sequences of eight biphasic pulses, (100 microseconds), with a voltage ranging from 650-1,000V/cm (pulse generator Onkodisruptor®) using a hexagonal/single pair and plate electrode were delivered. At day 30th, a partial response was observed accordingly to RECIST system, with tumor size of 5.0 x 5.0 cm (65.4 cm³). A second ECT session was performed with the same previous protocol, but with a decreased dosage of carboplatin (240 mg/m² consistent with 20% reduction) due to adverse effects in the first session, resulting in stable disease at day 60th (30 days after second ECT). Then, we proposed a surgical excision of the mass including partial resection of ventral rectum with intraoperative ECT. Afterwards, it was observed fecal incontinence that did not resolved after time but did not significant cause a morbidity in the patient. Patient achieved a disease-free interval (DFI) of 700 days and survival time of 730 days. Unfortunately, patient died due to distant metastasis.Discussion: Surgery is still the cornerstone treatment for MM in dogs, regardless anatomic site. However, in perianal region, wide or radical local surgical excision is a challenge due to anatomic region which precluded most of the time to achieve complete margins. In this report, the origin of the tumors was not defined since no normal tissue was found surrounding tumors cells probably due to tumor invasion and destruction of surrounding tissue. Thus, based on the previous literature, this tumor could have been arisen from rectum wall or anal sac. The longer DFI and survival time from this patient is superior from the most veterinary cases in literature which combined different types of treatment such as surgery, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, palliative care or ECT. Neoadjuvant ECT leaded to a reliable approach for partial remission in order to perform a better surgical approach in this case report. To conclude, ECT may be an option for partial remission and local control in regions which anatomic limitation is a challenge for wide excision.Keywords: bleomycin, carboplatin, cisplatin, electroporation, melanocytic tumor

GLICERINA: UTILIDADES E DESTINAÇÕES

Com a necessidade de variar a oferta de combustíveis líquidos, as preocupações relativas ao aquecimento global, e o aumento da demanda de energia, o biodiesel tende a ser produzido em maior quantidade. Além de que, a possibilidade de fazer um blended com o diesel eleva sua facilidade de difusão no mercado de combustíveis líquidos. O Brasil é um dos maiores produtores do mundo de biodiesel possuindo leis que obrigam a utilização de biocombustíveis em mistura com combustíveis de origem fóssil, o que de certa forma tende a diminuir as emissões de carbono por veículos no Brasil e incentivam a produção dos biocombustíveis garantindo sua venda. O resíduo da produção de biodiesel pode ser destinado a produção de biogás. O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever de forma sucinta algumas das utilidades e destinações da glicerina advinda da produção de biodiesel, relatando o aumento da oferta de glicerina no mercado. A valorização do glicerol é um grande desafio, e o desenvolvimento de rotas que geram formas satisfatórias de utilizar este resíduo tende a elevar a viabilidade da produção de biodiesel. A utilização da glicerina tanto para síntese de compostos químicos quanto para a produção de biogás, contribuem para a produção de biodiesel, tornando-a mais sustentável, uma vez que, o coproduto obtido por meio da reação de transesterificação ou demais rotas, possa ser reutilizada sem provocar danos ambientais

Uterine intussusception in immediate postpartum in bitches: case report

Uterine intussusception is a rare condition in bitches. This study aimed to report an unusual case of prolapsed uterine intussusception in a female dog. A 2-year-old American Bully bitch was received with labor history of large fetus requiring manual traction. The animal presented mucosal prolapse through the vulva, unproductive contractions and abdominal discomfort. After partial correction of mucosal prolapse, the dog was referred to ovary-hysterectomy surgery to correct prolapsed mucosa. During the surgical procedure, surgeons observed that the uterine horns were invaginated into the uterine body, rotated, and the tissue was slightly devitalized and congested. As previously described, this condition occurred during the immediate postpartum period. Thus, we suggest that this period can be a facilitator for the establishment of uterine intussusception.  A intussuscepção uterina é uma condição rara em cadelas. Portanto, este estudo tem por objetivo relatar um caso incomum de intussuscepção uterina prolapsada em fêmea canina. Uma cadela American Bully de dois anos de idade com histórico de parto de feto absoluto grande no qual necessitou de auxílio por tração manual foi apresentada. O animal exibiu um prolapso de mucosa através da vulva, contrações improdutivas e dores abdominais. Após a retração parcial do prolapso de mucosa, a cadela foi encaminhada para a ovário-histerectomia que teve por objetivo, também, corrigir a mucosa prolapsada. Durante o procedimento cirúrgico, foram verificados os cornos uterinos invaginados no corpo uterino, rotacionados, com o tecido levemente desvitalizado e congesto. Assim, como poucos casos encontrados na literatura, esta condição ocorreu durante o puerpério imediato. Dessa forma, sugere-se que este período, embora não seja um fator determinante para o estabelecimento da intussuscepção uterina, pode ser um facilitador no estabelecimento dessa condição

Antitumoral, antileishmanial and antimalarial activity of pentacyclic 1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives

Pterocarpanquinones 8a-c, previously synthesized in our laboratory, and an homologous series of derivatives, compounds 9a-c prepared in this work, were evaluated on breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and on the parasites Leishmania amazonensis and Plasmodium falciparum, in culture. Compounds 8a-c were more potent than 9a-c on tumor cells and Leishmania amazonensis. On the other hand, 9a-c showed to be more active on Plasmodium falciparum. All the compounds studied were bioselective, presenting negligible cytotoxicity against fresh murine lymphocytes and human lymphocytes activated by the mitogen phytohemaglutinin (PHA)

PLANO DE INSTALAÇÃO DE UM COLETOR SOLAR RESIDENCIAL NA CIDADE DE PALOTINA-PR

A radiação solar é uma das fontes de energias renováveis que pode ser utilizada para o aquecimento de água. Desta forma, objetivou-se com este trabalho a criação de um projeto apresentando a viabilidade de instalação de um coletor de energia solar em uma residência com 5 moradores na cidade de Palotina – Paraná/Brasil, possibilitando replicação dos cálculos para aplicação em outra escala ou para outro consumo. Para a geração de economia no consumo de energia elétrica é necessária uma instalação bem planejada, com isso foi possível obter o dimensionamento de painel solar, a geração de energia térmica captada e analise da economia de energia elétrica gerada pelo sistema instalado. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam economia no consumo de energia elétrica para a residência

Evaluation of FAS and caspase-3 in the endometrial tissue of patients with idiopathic infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss

Objective: To investigate expression of BcL-2, FAS, FAS ligand (FASL) and cleaved caspase-3 in the endometrial tissue of women with idiopathic infertility (with two consecutive failed cycles of in vitro fertilization) and women with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss. the control group consisted of fertile women.Study design: Endometrial tissue samples from fertile women (n = 25), women with idiopathic infertility (n = 25) and women with idiopathic recurrent pregnancy loss (n = 25) were collected on the seventh or eighth postovulatory day of their menstrual cycles for evaluation. Expression of BcL-2, FAS, FASL and cleaved caspase-3 was assessed using immunohistochemical methods.Results: Expression of BcL-2 and FAS was significantly higher and lower, respectively, in the women with idiopathic infertility than in the other groups (p < 0.01). Expression of cleaved caspase-3 was significantly lower in the women with idiopathic infertility than in the other groups (p < 0.01). Expression of FASL was similar in all three groups.Conclusion: Disturbances in endometrial apoptosis may be a contributing factor in patients with idiopathic infertility and recurrent pregnancy loss. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Gynaecol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Obstet, São Paulo, BrazilUniv São Paulo, Dept Obstet & Gynaecol, Gynaecol Div, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Gynaecol, São Paulo, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Obstet, São Paulo, BrazilFAPESP: 2004/01424-0Web of Scienc

Neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy in the treatment of fixed and semi-fixed rectal tumors. Analysis of results and prognostic factors

PURPOSE: To report the retrospective analysis of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neodjuvant radiochemotherapy. METHODS AND MATERIALS: From January 1994 to December 2003, 101 patients with fixed (25%) or semi-fixed (75%) rectal adenocarcinoma were treated by preoperative radiotherapy with a dose of 45Gy at the whole pelvis and 50.4Gy at primary tumor, concomitant to four weekly chemotherapies with 5-Fluorouracil (425 mg/m(2)) and Leucovorin (20 mg/m(2)). In 71 patients (70.3%) the primary tumor was located up to 6 cm from the anal verge and in 30 (29.7%) from 6.5 cm to 10 cm. Age, gender, tumor fixation, tumor distance from the anal verge, clinical response, surgical technique, and postoperative TNM stage were the prognostic factors analyzed for overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and local control (LC) at five years. RESULTS: Median follow-up time was 38 months (range, 2–141). Complete response was observed in eight patients (7.9%), partial in 54 (53.4%) and absence in 39 (38.7%). OS, DFS and LC were 52.6%, 53.8%, and 75.9%, respectively. Distant metastasis occurred in 40 (39.6%) patients, local recurrence in 20 (19.8%) and both in 16 (15.8%). Patients with fixed tumors had lower OS (17% Vs 65.6%; p < 0.001), DFS (31.2% Vs 60.9%; p = 0.005), and LC (58% Vs 82%; p = 0.004). Patients with tumors more than 6 cm above the anal verge had better LC (93% Vs 69%; p = 0.04). The postoperative TNM stage was a significant factor for DFS (I:64.1%, II:69.6%, III:35.2%, IV:11.1%; p < 0.001) and for LC (I:75.7%, II: 92.9%, III:54.1%, IV:100%; p = 0.005). Patients with positive lymph nodes had worse OS (37.9% Vs 70.4%, p = 0.006), DFS (32% Vs 72.7%, p < 0.001) and LC (56.2% Vs 93.4%; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: This study suggests that the neoadjuvant treatment employed was effective for local control. Fixation of the lesion and lymph nodes metastasis were the main adverse prognostic factors. Distant failures were frequent, supporting the need of new drugs for adjuvant chemotherapy

The Role of Inflammation and Immune Cells in Blood Flow Restriction Training Adaptation: A Review

Blood flow restriction (BFR) combined with low-intensity strength training has been shown to increase skeletal muscle mass and strength in a variety of populations. BFR results in a robust metabolic stress which is hypothesized to induce muscle growth via increased recruitment of fast-twitch muscle fibers, a greater endocrine response, and/or enhancing the cellular swelling contribution to the hypertrophic process. Following exercise, neutrophils are the first immune cells to initiate the tissue remodeling process via several mechanisms including an increased production of cytokines and recruitment of monocytes/macrophages, which facilitate the phagocytosis of foreign particles, the differentiation of myoblasts, and the formation of new myotubes. Thus, the purpose of this review was to discuss the mechanisms through which metabolic stress and immune cell recruitment may induce skeletal muscle remodeling following BFR strength training