Measurement and Analysis with KPIs based on an AMI system

This paper presents the development of a series of key performance indicators (KPI´s) for the electrical system of the campus of the National University of Colombia based on the deployed smart metering infrastructure (AMI). In order to develop the proposed indicators, it was necessary to use different sources of information to complement the data provided by the AMI system. For each of the proposed indicators is presented the way in which each selected indicator is calculated, and an analysis of the behavior obtained for each KPI. It was possible to observe how, based on the results obtained from the different indicators proposed, periods of inefficiency in terms of electricity consumption were identified. Finally, the conclusions obtained during the development of the project are presented

Métodos prospectivos implementados en la vigilancia tecnológica y prospectiva de vehículos eléctricos (EVS) y tecnologías periféricas en Colombia

This paper presents prospective methodsimplemented during the development of Surveillance Technology in Electrical Vehicles and Prospective  technologies in Colombia. These methods are developed for identifying related lines of research and emerging technologies which foster innovation. Methodologies are Delphi rounds and the planning of future scenarios. Both methodologies are implemented as tools to identify research topics that revolve around EVs in Colombia. The topics selected following the development of technology forecasting, were discussed by a group of experts who contextualized the information obtained from Colombia. From this analysis, scenarios were constructed. Technologies hampering the incursion of EVs in Colombia were determined, as well as the technologies with the greatest trend to be consumed and the most influential regulatory aspects.En este artículo se presentan los métodos prospectivos implementados durante el desarrollo de la Vigilancia Tecnológica en Vehículos Eléctricos y Tecnologías Periféricas en Colombia. Estos métodos se desarrollan con el propósito de identificar las líneas de investigación relacionadas y las tecnologías emergentes que propendan por la innovación. Las metodologías aplicadas fueron las rondas Delphi y el planteamiento de escenarios futuros; ambas metodologías se implementaron como herramientas para identificar los principales temas de investigación que giran alrededor de los EVs en Colombia. Los temas seleccionados, posterior al desarrollo de la Vigilancia Tecnológica, fueron debatidos por un grupo de expertos que contextualizaron la información obtenida para Colombia. A partir de esto se construyeron los escenarios de análisis. Se determinaron las tecnologías que pueden obstaculizar la incursión de EVs en Colombia, así como las tecnologías con mayor tendencia al consumo y los aspectos regulatorios más influyentes

Customer Role In The Integration Of EVS With The Colombian Electricity Market

Mass adoption EVs in Colombia, is presented as a necessary option not only to mitigate the impact of the transportation sector on the environment but to promote a more efficient vehicle fleet. The impact of EVs on the Colombian electricity sector is associated with the uncontrolled charging process of EVs, which ultimately results in high peaks in the demand curve. Therefore, the level of flexibility of user habits will be the key in the interaction of EVs with the grid. User can recharge the vehicle whenever he requires and only he will have control on it, if there is a regulatory scheme that defines it or a series of incentives that promotes the controlled charging. Currently, there is not any regulation which determines if the scheme of the electricity tariff will apply to EVs. This paper analyzes the requirements, user habits, the operation scheme of the Colombian electricity market and the possible solutions required to promote the adoption of EVs and to reduce the impacts of EVs on the electricity market and on the user economy

Characterization of electricity demand based on energy consumption data from Colombia

The development of dynamic energy distribution grids to optimize energy resources has become very important at the international level in recent years. A very important step in this development is to be able to characterize the population based on their consumption behaviour. However, traditional consumption meters that report information at a monthly rate provide little information for in-depth analysis. In Colombia, this has changed in recent years due to the implementation and integration of advanced metering infrastructure (AMI). This infrastructure allows to record consumption values in small time intervals, and the available data then allows for the execution of many analysis mechanisms. In this paper we present an analysis of the electricity demand profile from a new dataset of energy consumption in Colombia. A characterization of the users demand profiles is presented using a k-means clustering procedure. Whit this customer segmentation technique we show that is possible identify customer consumption patterns and to identify anomalies in the system. In addition, this type of analysis also allows to assess changes in the consumption pattern of users due to social measures such as those resulting from the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic

Métodos prospectivos implementados en la vigilancia tecnológica y prospectiva de vehículos eléctricos (EVS) y tecnologías periféricas en Colombia

En este artículo se presentan los métodos prospectivos implementados durante el desarrollo de la Vigilancia Tecnológica en Vehículos Eléctricos y Tecnologías Periféricas en Colombia. Estos métodos se desarrollan con el propósito de identificar las líneas de investigación relacionadas y las tecnologías emergentes que propendan por la innovación. Las metodologías aplicadas fueron las rondas Delphi y el planteamiento de escenarios futuros; ambas metodologías se implementaron como herramientas para identificar los principales temas de investigación que giran alrededor de los EVs en Colombia. Los temas seleccionados, posterior al desarrollo de la Vigilancia Tecnológica, fueron debatidos por un grupo de expertos que contextualizaron la información obtenida para Colombia. A partir de esto se construyeron los escenarios de análisis. Se determinaron las tecnologías que pueden obstaculizar la incursión de EVs en Colombia, así como las tecnologías con mayor tendencia al consumo y los aspectos regulatorios más influyentesThis paper presents prospective methods implemented during the development of Surveillance Technology in Electrical Vehicles and Prospective Tech-nologies in Colombia. These methods are developed for identifying related lines of research and emerging tech-nologies which foster innovation. Methodologies are Del-phi rounds and the planning of future scenarios. Both methodologies are implemented as tools to identify re-search topics that revolve around EVs in Colombia. The topics selected following the development of technology forecasting, were discussed by a group of experts who contextualized the information obtained from Colombia. From this analysis, scenarios were constructed. Techno-logies hampering the incursion of EVs in Colombia were determined, as well as the technologies with the greatest trend to be consumed and the most influential regula-tory aspect

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Digital transformation and organizational performance in electrical power companies

Este documento presenta el resultado de la investigación acerca de la relación entre las nuevas tecnologías digitales asociadas a Transformación Digital y el Desempeño de las organizaciones. Se establece la relación a través de la construcción de un modelo conceptual basado en una revisión sistemática de la literatura (RSL) en la teoría de Capacidades Dinámicas (DC) y la contribución de algunas metodologías, experimentos y validaciones de teorías de visión basadas en recursos (RBV) y de visión basada en conocimiento (KBV). Este estudio incluye el marco teórico de los temas asociados a la temática planteada, la revisión sistemática de la literatura (RSL), el diseño de modelo conceptual e hipótesis, la realización de encuesta y análisis, validación del modelo y el análisis de resultados. Además, se identifican los factores que fomentan los cambios digitales en las organizaciones y que permitan aprovechar la transformación digital donde se busca optimizar los procesos basados en datos, logrando generar valor en los negocios y en la toma de decisiones. El estudio permite concluir que los procesos de las organizaciones funcionan como fenómenos que tienen realidades objetivas, que se pueden expresar en relaciones causales y medirse por medio de datos, en muchas ocasiones en tiempo real, y que producen conocimiento como elemento clave en la generación de valor en las organizaciones. El modelo desarrollado permite identificar la relación de la transformación digital y el desempeño organizacional que se representa a través de relaciones entre los conceptos independientes y dependientes de las organizaciones, donde es posible evaluar la contribución y fiabilidad de cada constructo e hipótesis establecida.This document presents the result of the research about the relationship between the new digital technologies associated with Digital Transformation and the Performance of organizations. Relationship determined through the construction of a conceptual model based on a systematic literature review, in the theory of Dynamic Capabilities (DC) and the contribution of some methodologies, experiments and analyzed validations of resource-based vision theories (RBV) and knowledge based vision (KBV). The research includes the conceptual recapitulation in the theoretical framework of the topics associated with the proposed theme, the systematic review of the literature (RSL), the design of the conceptual model and hypothesis, the conduct of a survey and analysis, the validation of the model and the analysis of results. As main results, it is shown that research has paid little attention to the factors that encourage or hinder digital and technological changes in organizations, to take advantage of digital transformation and especially big data analytics. However, today's companies seek to optimize data-based processes, generating value in business and decision making. It is concluded, that the processes of organizations function, as phenomena that have objective realities, which can be expressed in causal relationships and measured by means of data, on many occasions in real time, that produce knowledge as a key element in the generation of value in the organizations With which, and through the model developed, it is possible to identify that, digital transformation and organizational performance can be represented through relationships between independent and dependent variables of organizations, in which it is possible to evaluate the contribution and reliability of each variable in the constructs and hypotheses established for each causal relationship.Magíster en Administración de Empresas. Línea de Investigación: Estrategia y Organizaciones.Maestrí

Analysis of Variability in Electric Power Consumption: A Methodology for Setting Time-Differentiated Tariffs

The increasing concern for environmental conservation has spurred government initiatives towards energy efficiency. One of the key research areas in this regard is demand response, particularly focusing on differential pricing initiatives such as Time-of-Use (ToU). Differential tariffs are typically designed based on mathematical or statistical models analyzing historical electricity price and consumption data. This study proposes a methodology for identifying time intervals suitable for implementing ToU energy tariffs, achieved by analyzing electric power demand variability to estimate demand flexibility potential. The methodology transforms consumption data into variation via the coefficient of variation and, then, employs k-means data analysis techniques and the a priori algorithm. Tested with real data from smart meters in the Colombian electrical system, the methodology successfully identified time intervals with potential for establishing ToU tariffs. Additionally, no direct relationship was found between external variables such as socioeconomic level, user type, climate, and consumption variability. Finally, it was observed that user behavior concerning consumption variability could be categorized into two types of days: weekdays and non-working days