Lipid Production from Tapioca Wastewater by Culture of Scenedesmus sp. with Simultaneous BOD, COD, and nitrogen removal

The use of microalgae to produce biodiesel or possibly remove nutrients from industrial wastewater has gained important attention during recent years due to their photosynthetic rate and its versatile nature to grow in various wastewater systems. In this study, a microalgae, Scenedesmus sp., was cultured to enhance the lipid production and nutrients removal from tapioca wastewater sample. To assess lipid production, Scenedesmus sp. was cultured in different concentration of tapioca wastewater sample (from 0 to 100 %), and nutrient removal including BOD, COD, NH4, NO2, NO3 level by Scenedesmus sp. was assessed in 100% of tapioca wastewater culture. After 8 days of culture, it was found out that 50% of tapioca wastewater sample resulted in highest concentration of lipid content than that of the other concentrations. The level of environment indicator as nutrient removal such as BOD, COD, NH4, NO2, NO3 were also decreased up to 74%, 72%, 95%, 91%, and 91%, respectively. The pH condition changed from initial condition acidic (pH: 4) to neutral or basic condition (pH: 7-8) as recommended in wastewater treatment system. This research provided a novel approach and achieved efficient simultaneous lipid production and nutrients removal from tapioca wastewater sample by Scenedesmus’s culture system. Keyword: Scenedesmus sp., tapioca wastewater, lipid productio

Lead-resistant bacteria isolated from oil wastewater sample for bioremediation of lead

Anthropogenic activities such as oil exploration have resulted in an environmental concern as they are comprised of residual hydrocarbons and metals. Following the hypothesis that endogenous bacterial communities have enhanced tolerance to heavy metals, we isolated and characterized culturable lead-resistant bacteria from oil wastewater sample and determined whether they could reduce lead ions from the medium. The wastewater sample containing indigenous bacteria were taken out from traditional oil field, Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia and bacteria were cultured Halomonas complex (HMC) medium containing lead (II) chloride (PbCl2) with different concentration. Bioaccumulation of lead by heavy-metals resistant bacteria was determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS). Our result found 21 bacterial strains that resist leading ion, of which one strain (RPb5-3) highly resist to 10 mM. This bacterial strain also exhibited the highest accumulation of Pb, and it could grow at varies temperature or more than their original environment. The bacterial strains could be used for bioremediation of lead toxicity, especially in oil pollutant

Coral Reefs Diversity in Gili Genting Island Sumenep Madura

Coral reef ecosystem is the most threatened ecosystem among marine ecosystem in the world due to the combination of anthropogenic and natural disturbances. More research is needed to be monitored and assess coral reef ecosystems, which will be used to find understanding of the ecological integrity and further improvement of the protection strategy in the future. This research was aimed to know the diversity of coral reef diversity at Gili Genting Island, Sumenep Madura and evaluate the condition of coral reef ecosystem based on cover the percentage. Line intercept method was used to understand coral reef diversity and its condition in the desired observation station. The result revealed that 9 families, 22 genera and 45 species of coral have been successfully found, in which Acropora is the most common genus found in in Gili Genting Island. The cover percentage analysis also indicated that the condition of coral reef ecosystem in Gili Genting Island could be classified to very bad category where the total average of cover percentage is 12.55%. These findings provide the preliminary information about the condition of coral reef ecosystem in small island that might be useful for the future integrated management based on ecological perspective. Keyword: cover percentage, coral reef, diversit

Potencial antifertility of Centella asiatica leaf extract

The ideal requirements for contraceptive materials are effective, having minimal side effects, reversible, economical, easily to be used and available. However, no much ideal contraceptive are currently available, so it is necessary to find alternative contraceptive materials in order to gain these criteria. One of the materials is Centella asiatica (L.) Urban). This study aimed to determine the effect of C. asiatica leaf extract on ovarian histology and weight of mice (Mus musculus). This research used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 5 replications. 25 of fertile female mice were treated with several doses of C. asiatica leaf extract, 0 (Control), 125 (T1), 200 (T2), 275 (T3) and 350 mg/kg body weight (bw) (T4). Parameters observed were total of primary, secondary and tertiary follicles, corpus luteum, thickness of theca cell and ovarian weight. ANOVA Test and BNT analysis were used to analyze data. Statistical analysis showed that C. asiatica leaf extract affected the ovarian histology and weight of mice. Dose of 275 mg/kg showed the effective treatment that can optimally reduce the number of primary, secondary and tertiary follicles, thickness of theca cells, the number of corpus luteum and mice ovarian weight. Keywords: leaf extract, Centella asiatica, histology, contraception, mic

Antifertility effect of Centella asiatica (L) Urban and Plucea indica (L) Urban on the number of follicles, antioxidant activity and hormonal profile of white rat’s ovaries

Antifertility agents with safety and effectiveness in terms of minimum side effects have always been a subject of debate. Many studies have been conducted on plants to observe the antifertility effect, but majority of them were toxic. Centella asiatica and Plucea indica leaves have been traditionally used as medicine for its properties to promote antifertility effect. The objective of the present study was to investigate the combination effects ofC. asiatica and P. indica leaf extract to the number of follicles, antioxidant activity, and hormonal profile of female rats. Thirty two fertile female rats (2 months), were divided into six groups and treated with different formula of the combination of C. asiatica and P. indica leaf extract: group 1 (T1) with 25 + 25 mg/kg bw, group 2 (T2) with 50 + 50 mg/kg bw, group 3 (T3) with 75 + 75 mg/kg bw, group 4 (T4) with 125 + 125 mg/kg bw, (T5) group 5 with 200 + 200 mg/kg bw, and control group (T0) treated with only 0,5% Na CMC. They were also fed for 42 days. The rat’s blood serum was taken for hormonal analysis, as well they were sacrificed and the ovarium were removed for histological and antioxidant analysis. The results revealed that C. asiatica and P. indica leaf extract influences to the number of follicles, antioxidant activity and hormonal profile of the rats. Group 4 (T4) showed the highest antifertility effect on the ovulation number (corpus lutium), total of ovarian follicles, and level of estrogen, respectively. Group 5 (T5) showed the highes level of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the lowest level of Malondialdehide (MDA). It is concluded that C. asiaticaand P. indicaexhibited antifertility effects on reproductive system of the female rats

Upaya peningkatan ekonomi dan pengurangan sampah domestik masyarakat Sumbersari melalui pemanfaatan aliran sungai untuk budidaya ikan mujair

One of the biggest threats from human activities to rivers is the increasing number of residential areas around or even just above the river flow. This condition is certainly very threatening the sustainability of rivers in the region. One of the biggest threats is that the garbage produced by the community will be directly disposed of in the river flow. One way that can be done to reduce waste disposal in the river is by utilizing river flow, so that many rivers are now increasingly being developed as a vehicle for habitat conservation, because the river is considered important for various aquatic plants, migratory and sedentary fishes, and aquaculture ponds, birds and several types of mammals. In this case, the concept of river management must be based on environmental, ecological, economic and social aspects according to the characteristics of the surrounding community. The purpose of this community service is to utilize river flow for tilapia fish farming. The method used in the service is the PAR by way of lectures and direct practice in aquaculture with karamba by utilizing river flow. From the results of community service including partners showed that some respondents know how to fish with karamba, but do not know that river flow can also be used for fish farming with the karamba system. As well as the results of fish farming practices with the karamba system most of the respondents agreed agree (73%) if the fish culture using the karamba system is used as an alternative business idea related to river flow utilization and 60% of respondents agree the use of river flow for fish cultivation can reduce waste disposal in the river

Effect of Annona muricata leaf extract on antioxidant activity and histology of the mamary tissue in the breast cancer model inVivo

The utilization of medicinal plant for curing some degenerative illness such as breast cancer has gained attention during recent years due to their safety, effectivity and economic reason. However scientific data to prove these habit are still in limitation. This study aimed to determine the effect of ethanol extract of soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaves on levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), Malondiadehyde (MDA) and histological section in the mammary tissue of breast cancer mice models. 20 animal model (mice) induced by 20 mg/kg bw of 7,12-Dimethilbenz (α) Antrasen (DMBA) were treated with extract of soursop leaves in various doses 0 (C+), 100 (T1), 150 (T2) and 200 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day (T3), while for negative control (C-) was only administrated with 0.5% CMC Na/day for 8 weeks and corn oil 2 times a week for 6 weeks. The effect of each treatment was analyzed by one-way ANOVA, and significant difference was analyzed by Duncan's multiple range test. The result revealed that soursop leaves extract with dose of 200 mg/kg bw increased the levels of SOD, and decreased the levels of MDA in mammary tissue and improved the mammary cells of breast cancer mice model close to normal conditions

The effect ethanol extract of Calotropis gigantean root in increasing the level of IFN-y and the expression of casppase 3 on mice (Mus musculus L.) with fibrosarcoma

Calotropis gigantea is one of the traditional medicine especially used for cancer treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of ethanol extract of C. gigantea root in increasing the level of IFN-γ and the expression of Caspase 3 as a scientific evidence. The ethanol extract at dosage of 50, 100 and 150 mg/kg bw were given daily for several weeks on the mice induced by 7,12-dimethylbenz(α) anthracene (DMBA). The result revealed that the dosage of 150 mg/kg bw significantly could increase the level of IFN-γ and the expression of Caspase 3. In addition, the dosage 150 mg/kg bw also increases the body weight especially after induction of DMBA. This result indicate that the active ingredients of C. gigantea root have a function as immunomodulator agent to increase immune system, initiate apoptosis process and make proliferation disfunction by increasing IFN-γ and Caspase 3. This finding showed that C gigantea useful for the treatment of fibrosarcoma better than methotrexate as anticancer medicine standard

Effect of mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaves infusion on the reproduction status of chronic diabetic model

Leaves of mulberry (Morus alba L.) is one of the medicinal plants that contains antihyperglycemic and antioxidant compounds. These compounds are known as agent that could decrease the high blood glucose levels and improve organ damage caused by free radicals in hyperglycemic conditions. This study aimed to determine the effect of mulberry leaves infusion on reproduction status of chronic diabetes model. This research was an experimental study using completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were C+ (positive control), C- (negative control), T1 (400 mg/kgbw), P2 (600 mg/kgbw), P3 (800 mg/kgbw) and P4 (1000 mg/kgbw). 24 of wistar rats, male, 1 month old, and 70-100 grams of body weight were used as animal models. Data observed in this study include the number of germ cells (spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa), sertoli cells, seminiferous tubules diameter, leidig cells, testes weight and testosteron levels. Data were analyzed with One Way Anova, and then followed by DMRT (1%) analysis if there is a significant differences between treatments. The results showed that the infusion of mulberry leaves increased the number of germinal cells, sertoli cells, diameter of seminiferous tubules, leidig cell, testis weight, and testosteron levels of chronic diabetic model. The optimum infusion dose of mulberry leaves was T4 (1000 mg/kgbw)