Nouveau concept de sécurité et gestion des épidémies en Chine

À la lumière de l’évolution du concept de sécurité en Chine et du lien qui est désormais fait entre les maladies infectieuses et la sécurité non traditionnelle, cet article se propose d’analyser la manière dont aujourd’hui la Chine répond aux épidémies, notamment celle de la grippe aviaire. Il s’intéresse particulièrement à la réponse donnée par le « nouveau concept de sécurité » qui suggère, pour faire face à ces questions, de suivre quatre principes : la confiance mutuelle, le bénéfice mutuel, l’égalité et la coordination. Il cherche dès lors à savoir de quelle manière ces derniers sont mis en pratique dans le domaine de la lutte contre les épidémies en Chine et quelles en sont les limites.In the light of the evolution of the concept of Security in China and of the link that is now made between infectious diseases and non-traditional security (NTS), this article proposes to analyze the way China deals with epidemics today, notably the avian influenza. It is interested particularly in the response that derives from the Chinese “new concept of security,” which suggests to follow four principles : mutual confidence, mutual benefit, equality, and coordination, to face these NTS issues. Consequently, it seeks to find out how these principles are put into practice in the fight against epidemics in China and what their limits are

L’origine transnationale d’une réponse au VIH/SIDA dans la province du Henan

La campagne du Henan reste aujourd’hui l’une des régions de Chine les plus affectées par le VIH/SIDA. Parallèlement aux politiques et stratégies officielles mises en oeuvre pour répondre à l’ampleur de la propagation de la maladie dans cette province, les paysans d’un certain nombre de villages les plus affectés par ce virus ont réussi, depuis quelques années, à progressivement se mobiliser et à apporter une réponse locale adaptée aux défis sociaux que fait peser le SIDA sur les communautés villageoises. Cet article s’intéressera particulièrement à l’origine transnationale de cette mobilisation locale

Evelyne Micollier (ed.), Sexual Cultures in East Asia. The Social Construction of Sexuality and Sexual Risk in a Time of AIDS

Evelyne Micollier with Sexual Cultures in East Asia takes an innovative approach to questions of sexuality, to HIV/AIDS and to civil society in East Asia (Cambodia, China, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand and Vietnam). The pioneering aspect of this work stems mainly from the choice of a constructivist approach to examining sexual identity and the social stigma attached to HIV/AIDS. Initially presented in July 2000, during an international conference in Amsterdam organised by the International Institut..

L’origine transnationale d’une réponse au VIH/SIDA dans la province du Henan

La campagne du Henan reste aujourd’hui l’une des régions de Chine les plus affectées par le VIH/SIDA. Parallèlement aux politiques et stratégies officielles mises en oeuvre pour répondre à l’ampleur de la propagation de la maladie dans cette province, les paysans d’un certain nombre de villages les plus affectés par ce virus ont réussi, depuis quelques années, à progressivement se mobiliser et à apporter une réponse locale adaptée aux défis sociaux que fait peser le SIDA sur les communautés villageoises. Cet article s’intéressera particulièrement à l’origine transnationale de cette mobilisation locale

Evelyne Micollier (éd.), Sexual Cultures in East Asia. The Social Construction of Sexuality and Sexual Risk in a Time of AIDS

Evelyne Micollier adopte avec Sexual Cultures in East Asia une approche novatrice des questions de la sexualité, du VIH/Sida et de la société civile en Asie de l’Est (Cambodge, Chine, Japon, Taiwan, Thaïlande, Vietnam). Le caractère pionnier de l’ouvrage tient principalement au choix d’une approche constructiviste pour examiner l’identité sexuelle ainsi que la stigmatisation sociale attachée au VIH/Sida. Initialement présentées en juillet 2000, lors d’une conférence internationale organisée ..

What's in a word? The framing of health at the regional level: ASEAN, EU, SADC and UNASUR.

The Association of Southeast Asian Nations, the European Union, the Southern African Development Community and the Union of South American Nations have increasingly been involved in health diplomacy in the past decade, yet little is known about how they frame health as a foreign policy issue and how this has an impact on their prioritisation of policies. For this, we conducted a review of existing grey and peer-reviewed literature that address regional integration and health, as well as a documentary review according to security, development, trade, human rights, moral/ethical reasonings and global public goods frames identified in the literature. The policy frames identified responded to the challenges these regions currently face. The Association of Southeast Asian Nation's struggle with re-emerging diseases has led to favouring a securitisation approach to health, the European Union approaches health as a cross-cutting policy issue, the Southern African Development Community presents health as a driver for development, and while the Union of South American Nations emphasises health as a human right and addresses the social determinants of health as an ethical imperative. Overall, these policy frames were useful in analysing the framing of health in foreign policy at the regional level. However, within our analysis, we identified a new frame that approaches health as an intersectoral issue. The impact of regional organisations' forward will depend on their ability to harness their convening power and speak in a coherent voice on health matters

Modélisation et simulation numérique des échanges convectifs entre un écoulement diphasique incompressible et une surface chauffée

Compte tenu des importants transferts de chaleur qu'ils induisent, les procédés de refroidissement par des écoulements diphasiques (air/huile) sont utilisés pour le refroidissement des pistons moteur. La modélisation de ce procédé se fera à l'aide du modèle 1-Fluide diphasique couplé à l'équation de la chaleur. Des études expérimentales et numériques de jets liquides impactant sur des surfaces chauffées seront présentées. Les échanges convectifs liés à l'effet shaker présent dans les galeries de refroidissement des pistons automobiles seront également abordés

A simple and versatile microfluidic device for efficient biomacromolecule crystallization and structural analysis by serial crystallography

Determining optimal conditions for the production of well diffracting crystals is a key step in every biocrystallography project. Here, a microfluidic device is described that enables the production of crystals by counter-diffusion and their direct on-chip analysis by serial crystallography at room temperature. Nine ‘nonmodel’ and diverse biomacromolecules, including seven soluble proteins, a membrane protein and an RNA duplex, were crystallized and treated on-chip with a variety of standard techniques including micro-seeding, crystal soaking with ligands and crystal detection by fluorescence. Furthermore, the crystal structures of four proteins and an RNA were determined based on serial data collected on four synchrotron beamlines, demonstrating the general applicability of this multipurpose chip conceptThe following funding is acknowledged: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (contract No. ANR-11-LABX- 0057_MITOCROSS to Claude Sauter, Bernard Lorber; contract No. ANR-10-LABX-0036_NETRN to Claude Sauter, Bernard Lorber; contract No. ANR-13-BS07-0007-01 to Eric Girard, Sylvain Engilberge); Ministère des Affaires Etrangères (contract No. PROCOPE Hubert Curien to Claude Sauter, Mario Mörl); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (contract No. Mo 634/10-1 to Mario Mörl, Heike Betat); Université de Strasbourg [grant No. Initiative d’excellence (IDEX) to Claude Sauter, Raphaël de Wijn]; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (grant No. MRCT- 2012_PTI_UPR9002 to Claude Sauter)

The Athena X-ray Integral Field Unit: a consolidated design for the system requirement review of the preliminary definition phase

The Athena X-ray Integral Unit (X-IFU) is the high resolution X-ray spectrometer, studied since 2015 for flying in the mid-30s on the Athena space X-ray Observatory, a versatile observatory designed to address the Hot and Energetic Universe science theme, selected in November 2013 by the Survey Science Committee. Based on a large format array of Transition Edge Sensors (TES), it aims to provide spatially resolved X-ray spectroscopy, with a spectral resolution of 2.5 eV (up to 7 keV) over an hexagonal field of view of 5 arc minutes (equivalent diameter). The X-IFU entered its System Requirement Review (SRR) in June 2022, at about the same time when ESA called for an overall X-IFU redesign (including the X-IFU cryostat and the cooling chain), due to an unanticipated cost overrun of Athena. In this paper, after illustrating the breakthrough capabilities of the X-IFU, we describe the instrument as presented at its SRR, browsing through all the subsystems and associated requirements. We then show the instrument budgets, with a particular emphasis on the anticipated budgets of some of its key performance parameters. Finally we briefly discuss on the ongoing key technology demonstration activities, the calibration and the activities foreseen in the X-IFU Instrument Science Center, and touch on communication and outreach activities, the consortium organisation, and finally on the life cycle assessment of X-IFU aiming at minimising the environmental footprint, associated with the development of the instrument. Thanks to the studies conducted so far on X-IFU, it is expected that along the design-to-cost exercise requested by ESA, the X-IFU will maintain flagship capabilities in spatially resolved high resolution X-ray spectroscopy, enabling most of the original X-IFU related scientific objectives of the Athena mission to be retained. (abridged).Comment: 48 pages, 29 figures, Accepted for publication in Experimental Astronomy with minor editin