Cardiovascular drug therapy for human newborn: review of pharmacodynamic data

BACKGROUND: Circulatory failure in preterm and term newborn infants is commonly treated with inotropes or vasoactive medications. In this structured literature review, the available data on pharmacodynamic effects of the inotropes adrenaline, dobutamine, dopamine, levosimendan, milrinone, noradrenaline, and the vasoactive drugs vasopressin and hydrocortisone are presented. METHODS: Structured searches were conducted to identify relevant articles according to pre-defined inclusion criteria which were human clinical trials published after 2000. RESULTS: Out of 101 identified eligible studies only 22 studies met the criteria for evidence based practice guidelines level I to IV. The most prevalent pharmacodynamic effects were increase in blood pressure and/or heart rate, which were also the most frequently studied circulatory parameters. CONCLUSION: This review demonstrates the need for further systematic studies on all reviewed drugs with incorporation of novel non-invasive biomarkers in this vulnerable patient group, for more timely and appropriate treatment for clinical efficacy

Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the Optical Counterpart to a Gravitational Wave Source

On 2017 August 17, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-wave Observatory (LIGO) and the Virgo interferometer detected gravitational waves emanating from a binary neutron star merger, GW170817. Nearly simultaneously, the Fermi and INTEGRAL telescopes detected a gamma-ray transient, GRB 170817A. 10.9 hours after the gravitational wave trigger, we discovered a transient and fading optical source, Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), coincident with GW170817. SSS17a is located in NGC 4993, an S0 galaxy at a distance of 40 megaparsecs. The precise location of GW170817 provides an opportunity to probe the nature of these cataclysmic events by combining electromagnetic and gravitational-wave observations.Comment: 25 pages, 10 figures, 2 tables, published today in Scienc

The Old Host-Galaxy Environment of SSS17a, the First Electromagnetic Counterpart to a Gravitational Wave Source

We present an analysis of the host-galaxy environment of Swope Supernova Survey 2017a (SSS17a), the discovery of an electromagnetic counterpart to a gravitational wave source, GW170817. SSS17a occurred 1.9 kpc (in projection; 10.2") from the nucleus of NGC 4993, an S0 galaxy at a distance of 40 Mpc. We present a Hubble Space Telescope (HST) pre-trigger image of NGC 4993, Magellan optical spectroscopy of the nucleus of NGC 4993 and the location of SSS17a, and broad-band UV through IR photometry of NGC 4993. The spectrum and broad-band spectral-energy distribution indicate that NGC 4993 has a stellar mass of log (M/M_solar) = 10.49^{+0.08}_{-0.20} and star formation rate of 0.003 M_solar/yr, and the progenitor system of SSS17a likely had an age of >2.8 Gyr. There is no counterpart at the position of SSS17a in the HST pre-trigger image, indicating that the progenitor system had an absolute magnitude M_V > -5.8 mag. We detect dust lanes extending out to almost the position of SSS17a and >100 likely globular clusters associated with NGC 4993. The offset of SSS17a is similar to many short gamma-ray burst offsets, and its progenitor system was likely bound to NGC 4993. The environment of SSS17a is consistent with an old progenitor system such as a binary neutron star system.Comment: ApJL in pres

Reemplazo de coronas metal-cerámica por cerámicas libres de metal. Revisión sistemática de la literatura

56 p.La opción rehabilitadora clásica para restaurar dientes que han sufrido pérdida estructural son las coronas dentales, las que restituyen la función del diente, devolviendo su anatomía y estructura. Por esto, los materiales utilizados para fabricar estas prótesis fijas deben otorgar propiedades biomecánicas que garanticen su éxito clínico y supervivencia. Actualmente, gran parte de los tratamientos rehabilitadores realizados en odontología son en base a restauraciones estéticas libres de metal, sin embargo, las restauraciones metal-cerámica (MC) siguen siendo el gold standard. Es por ello que la presente RSL busca determinar si las propiedades biomecánicas evaluadas in vitro de las coronas libres de metal son comparables con las coronas MC, posibilitando una indicación con fundamentos y la selección apropiada según el caso. Se examinaron tres bases de datos: PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science, utilizando criterios de búsqueda predefinidos: P: Estudios in vitro que evaluaron coronas como restauración, I: Estudios donde la intervención fueran coronas cerámicas libres de metal realizadas con distintos materiales cerámicos, C: Coronas metal-cerámica y O: propiedades biomecánicas. Realizamos la selección de artículos y la extracción de datos en duplicado e independientemente. El proceso fue predefinido y piloteado por lineamientos PRISMA. Según la evidencia in vitro, encontramos que los sistemas cerámicos libres de metal mostraron propiedades biomecánicas comparables a los sistemas MC, por lo tanto, las coronas MC sí son comparables con las coronas cerámicas libres de metal, para que sean utilizados, ya sea como núcleo, revestimiento o coronas monolíticas en dientes anteriores y posteriores

Light Curves of the Neutron Star Merger GW170817/SSS17a: Implications for R-Process Nucleosynthesis

On 2017 August 17, gravitational waves were detected from a binary neutron star merger, GW170817, along with a coincident short gamma-ray burst, GRB170817A. An optical transient source, Swope Supernova Survey 17a (SSS17a), was subsequently identified as the counterpart of this event. We present ultraviolet, optical and infrared light curves of SSS17a extending from 10.9 hours to 18 days post-merger. We constrain the radioactively-powered transient resulting from the ejection of neutron-rich material. The fast rise of the light curves, subsequent decay, and rapid color evolution are consistent with multiple ejecta components of differing lanthanide abundance. The late-time light curve indicates that SSS17a produced at least ~0.05 solar masses of heavy elements, demonstrating that neutron star mergers play a role in r-process nucleosynthesis in the Universe.Comment: Accepted to Scienc

YSE-PZ: A Transient Survey Management Platform that Empowers the Human-in-the-Loop

The modern study of astrophysical transients has been transformed by an exponentially growing volume of data. Within the last decade, the transient discovery rate has increased by a factor of ~20, with associated survey data, archival data, and metadata also increasing with the number of discoveries. To manage the data at this increased rate, we require new tools. Here we present YSE-PZ, a transient survey management platform that ingests multiple live streams of transient discovery alerts, identifies the host galaxies of those transients, downloads coincident archival data, and retrieves photometry and spectra from ongoing surveys. YSE-PZ also presents a user with a range of tools to make and support timely and informed transient follow-up decisions. Those subsequent observations enhance transient science and can reveal physics only accessible with rapid follow-up observations. Rather than automating out human interaction, YSE-PZ focuses on accelerating and enhancing human decision making, a role we describe as empowering the human-in-the-loop. Finally, YSE-PZ is built to be flexibly used and deployed; YSE-PZ can support multiple, simultaneous, and independent transient collaborations through group-level data permissions, allowing a user to view the data associated with the union of all groups in which they are a member. YSE-PZ can be used as a local instance installed via Docker or deployed as a service hosted in the cloud. We provide YSE-PZ as an open-source tool for the community.Comment: 23 pages, 9 figures, submitted to PAS

Nebular Spectroscopy of Kepler's Brightest Supernova

We present late-time (∼240–260 days after peak brightness) optical photometry and nebular (+236 and +264 days) spectroscopy of SN 2018oh, the brightest supernova (SN) Ia observed by the Kepler telescope. The Kepler/K2 30 minute cadence observations started days before explosion and continued past peak brightness. For several days after explosion, SN 2018oh had blue “excess” flux in addition to a normal SN rise. The flux excess can be explained by the interaction between the SN and a Roche-lobe filling non-degenerate companion star. Such a scenario should also strip material from the companion star that would emit once the SN ejecta become optically thin, imprinting relatively narrow emission features in its nebular spectrum. We search our nebular spectra for signs of this interaction, including close examination of wavelengths of hydrogen and helium transitions, finding no significant narrow emission. We place upper limits on the luminosity of these features of 2.6, 2.9 and 2.1 × 1037 erg s−1 for Hα, He I λ5875, and He I λ6678, respectively. Assuming a simple model for the amount of swept-up material, we estimate upper mass limits for hydrogen of 5.4 × 10−4 Me and helium of 4.7 × 10−4 Me. Such stringent limits are unexpected for the companion-interaction scenario consistent with the early data. No known model can explain the excess flux, its blue color, and the lack of late-time narrow emission features.The UCSC team is supported in part by NASA grants 14- WPS14-0048, NNG16PJ34G, and NNG17PX03C; NSF grants AST-1518052 and AST-1815935; the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation; the Heising-Simons Foundation; and by a fellowship from the David and Lucile Packard Foundation to R.J.

Medical imaging: Foundations and scope

Indexación: Scopus; Radalyc.En la actualidad es innegable la utilidad de las diversas modalidades de imagenología médica como apoyo clínico tanto en la generación de diagnósticos de un buen número de enfermedades como en la planeación de tratamientos tendientes a proporcionar una alternativa de solución a las personas que, por una u otra razón, manifiestan algún desequilibrio en su salud. Entre las modalidades imagenológicas que, frecuentemente, se utilizan en el ámbito médico se pueden mencionar: Ultrasonido (US), Resonancia Magnética (MRI), Tomografía Computarizada sencilla (CT) y multicapa (MSCT), Tomografía Computarizada por Emisión de Positrones (PET) y Tomografía Computarizada por Emisión de Fotones simples (SPECT). En este sentido, este artículo tiene como finalidad presentar una descripción ordenada, coherente y sistemática de cada una de las mencionadas modalidades y establecer la vinculación de la MSCT con situaciones clínicas íntimamente relacionadas con la anatomía cardiaca y procesos de hipertensión. La razón por la cual se hace énfasis en la MSCT es debido a que, por una parte, se cuenta con un número importante de bases de datos tanto de sujetos fisiológicos como de sujetos patológicos y, por la otra, que se tiene previsto presentar un conjunto de técnicas computacionales que serán exploradas en el desarrollo de futuras investigaciones en el contexto de aspectos anatómico-cardiológicos que influyen directa o indirectamente en la aparición, desarrollo y prevalencia de procesos hipertensivos.Nowdays, several forms of medical imaging are usefulness in clinical support for both diagnostics diseases generation and treatment planning designed to provide an alternative solution to people who, for one or another reason, manifest an imbalance in your health. Among the imaging modalities that frequently are used in the medical field may include: Ultrasound (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), simple computed tomography (CT) and multilayer computed tomography (MSCT), CT positron emission tomography (PET) Computed tomography and single photon emission (SPECT). In this sense, this article presents an orderly, coherent and systematic description of these modalities and it establishes relationship with the MSCT modality and clinical situations closely related to cardiac anatomy and hypertension processes. The reason emphasis on MSCT is done is because, on the one hand, we have a large number of databases both physiological subjects and pathological subjects and, on the other, we plan to present a set of computational techniques that will be explored in future research, in the context of cardiologic anatomical aspects, with directly or indirectly influence in the emergence, development and prevalence of hypertensive processes.http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=5594990700