Acciones inactivas: arte vivo y contextual

La expresión ‘arte contemporáneo’ tiene diversas acepciones. Con ella se designa a aquellas manifestaciones artísticas que acontecen en el presente, esto es, el arte actual; pero su significado también se extiende al arte producido por las transformaciones estéticas de principios del siglo XX que heredarían la intención transgresora de la propia idea del arte y un valor crítico sobre el orden cultural, donde el arte cobraba voz para describir con su propio lenguaje al mundo. De lo primero que el arte trató de liberarse fue del historicismo, de la unicidad del tiempo entendido como una linealidad donde ubicábamos el pasado, el presente y el futuro. Entonces el plano en el que acontecían las cosas se volvió un espacio de posibilidades múltiples, donde podían encontrarse el pasado y el presente. Un claro ejemplo es la pintura Tracer, de Robert Rauschenberg, que citaba en sí misma otra obra, El baño de Venus, de Peter Paul Rubens, al mismo tiempo que hacía visible la problemática social generada por la guerra de Vietnam, temáticas que se combinaban con la crítica del propio quehacer pictórico

Gamification in higher education and stem : a systematic review of literature

In recent years, gamification, the use of game elements in non-game contexts, has drawn the attention of educators due to the possibility of making learning more motivating and engaging; this led to an increase of research in the field. Despite the availability of literature reviews about gamification and its effects, no work to this date has focused exclusively on Higher Education (HE). Next, worldwide there is an increasing demand for skilled Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) professionals that meet the challenges related to scientific and technological innovations of the 21st Century. This lead to the need of strengthening STEM Higher Education. This brings us to the purpose of this work: presenting a systematic literature review of empirical studies about gamification STEM related Higher Education. This review study started from a systematic mapping design of 'Web of Science' articles, with following inclusion criteria: empirical gamification studies set up in HE, published between 2000 and 2016; focusing on undergraduate or graduate students; in the STEM knowledge field, and set up in authentic settings. An initial search resulted in 562 potentially relevant articles. After applying all selection criteria, only 18 studies could be retained. 12 additional articles were included by analyzing references from earlier literature reviews, resulting in 30 studies to be included. Analysis results show how a combination of game elements (e.g. leaderboards, badges, points and other combinations) positively affects students' performance, attendance, goal orientation and attitude towards mostly computer science related subjects. The analysis results also point at a lack of studies in certain STEM areas, a lack of studies that identify the particular game element associated with the positive differential impact on student performance; a lack of validated psychometric measurements, and lack of focus on student variables that could/should be taken into account as mediating/moderating variables clarifying the impact of gamification in the HE focus on STEM learning and teaching

Claim your online scholarly presence: ORCiD

Presented as a Small Group/Roundtable Discussion at 2020 IUSM Education Day.Claiming, maintaining, and tracking research output is crucial to a researcher’s continued visibility and impact. Tracking scholarly output and cultivating information about a researcher's work is made possible with online scholarly profile tools. As the most widely accepted unique identifier for authors, ORCiD IDs are increasingly required for: paper submissions to journals, grant submissions, and various NIH research training and career development awards. Attendees participated in hands on activities to set up profiles, and discover more information about tracking their impact going forward, and utilize existing connections between different scholarly profile tools. Learning objectives: • List reasons why maintaining scholarly profiles is important to researchers • Describe the benefits of several scholarly profile tools • Set up and/or update your scholarly profile(s

Out of Sight, Out of Mind: An Evaluation of Secondary Agricultural Textbooks

Students are impacted by representation present within their lives in the media they consume, organizations in which they participate, and school interactions. Among school interactions with primarily White school staff, students interact with textbooks to learn about industry norms and concepts. Missing representation can harm students’ sense of belonging which can lead to feelings like solo-status or isolation. Using both critical race theory and social semiotics, this work explores the representation present within secondary agricultural textbooks. The first study utilizes photos and case studies, observing both gender and race as mutually exclusive variables and compares data to the current public-school enrollment. The second study looks at individual photos and uses the L’Oreal Skin Color Guide to discuss colorism and the representation of skin colors present within the textbooks. Both studies aim to begin to fill a substantial gap in the literature regarding representation in textbooks in agricultural education

Photon Redshift in a Magnetic field

Previous results from the authors concerning the arising a tiny photon anomalous paramagnetic moment are also interpreted as a red-shift in analogy to the gravitational known effect. It is due to the photon interaction with the magnetized virtual electron-positron background which withdraw transverse momentum from photons and is polarization-dependent. If the photon frequency red-shift implies a change in time, a clock would go faster for increasing magnetic field intensity

Predictors of secondary cardiovascular events

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the number one cause of death worldwide. About one fifth of those who survived a myocardial infarction will suffer a recurrent cardiovascular event (CVE). Given the low participation in recommended cardiac rehabilitation, there is interest in early risk stratification after a primary CVE. This dissertation evaluates leisure time physical activity (LTPA), N-Terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) and cystatin C as predictors of a secondary CVE in a German cohort of cardiac rehabilitation patients with stable coronary heart disease followed from 1999 to 2008. Study 1 evaluated self-reported LTPA at one-year follow-up. Those reporting seldom/never practice of LTPA showed a higher risk (Hazard Ratio (HR) 1.30 [95% Confidence Interval (CI) 0.62, 2.69]), while those reporting LTPA at least 5-6 times/week had a reduced risk (HR 0.88 [95% CI 0.54, 1.43]) for a subsequent CVE, when compared to the reference group (1-4 times/month). Study 2 examined LTPA trajectories during the age period 20-49 years. Compared to those with a gradual decline of LTPA, the highest risk was observed among those with a steeper decrease of LTPA (HR 1.59 [95% CI 0.97, 2.62]). A continuous increase of LTPA was associated with a risk reduction (HR 0.71 [95% CI 0.41, 1.22]) with respect to a recurrent CVE. Studies 3 and 4 evaluated the prognostic value of two novel biomarkers, when added to a model containing well-established CVD risk factors. In Study 3, NT-proBNP levels at one-year follow-up and a 10% increase in the slope of a NT-proBNP three-year trajectory were associated with a subsequent CVE ,with HRs of 1.63 [95% CI 1.17, 2.27] and 1.24 [95% CI 1.12, 1.37], respectively. One-year, but not baseline, levels of NT-proBNP showed an improvement in risk reclassification. Study 4 examined cystatin C versus creatinine. Although both were associated with a recurrent CVE, only the addition of cystatin C improved model performance, discrimination and reclassification. In conclusion, in patients with stable coronary heart disease, LTPA, NT-proBNP, and cystatin C might help to identify individuals at high risk for a recurrent CVE. Further research is needed to evaluate treatment modalities for secondary prevention in this group

Avaliação e validação da utilidade clínica do sequenciamento de nova geração (NGS) para confirmação do diagnóstico de doenças lisossômicas selecionadas

Introdução: As doenças lisossômicas (DLs) são patologias genéticas que, apesar de serem classificadas como raras, acometem uma significativa porcentagem da população. Muitos fatores tornam seu diagnóstico desafiador, entre eles a variabilidade no fenótipo, com poucos sinais e sintomas clínicos específicos. O desenvolvimento de ferramentas inovadoras de investigação, destacando-se os novos métodos de sequenciamento massivo, reduziria a “odisseia diagnóstica” enfrentada pelo paciente e sua família, proporcionaria um diagnóstico mais precoce com melhor resultado no tratamento nas situações em que há terapia disponível, além de um adequado aconselhamento genético. A tecnologia de sequenciamento de nova geração (next-generation sequencing, NGS) tem claras vantagens sobre as técnicas de sequenciamento convencional, oferecendo um alto rendimento diagnóstico ao permitir definir um espectro mutacional abrangente. O NGS permite o sequenciamento de vários genes simultaneamente com custo global relativamente baixo, tornando painéis de genes uma alternativa atrativa para o screening genético. Esta abordagem é capaz de detectar, de maneira altamente específica, variantes missense, nonsense, de sítio de splicing, e pequenas indels, e algumas grandes deleções em homozigose ou hemizigose. No entanto, para que essa tecnologia seja aplicável à prática clínica, é necessária uma etapa de validação prévia para a determinação dos parâmetros críticos de análise desde o processamento da amostra até a análise e interpretação de dados. Após a validação dos métodos, será possível a avaliação da utilidade clínica de painéis NGS para diversas aplicações, incluindo seu uso como método confirmatório nos casos de triagem neonatal alterada para doenças lisossômicas. Objetivos: 1) Desenhar e validar uma estratégia baseada no NGS para a análise de 24 genes, incluídos em 3 painéis distintos de acordo com parâmetros pré definidos, e associados com 22 DLs; 2) Avaliar a qualidade e eficiência do ADN extraído de sangue impregnado em papel filtro (SIPF) para uso no NGS; 3) Avaliar a utilidade clínica do NGS para: a) diagnóstico molecular, b) diagnóstico diferencial e, c) confirmação diagnóstica de casos alterados na triagem neonatal para pelo menos 4 dessas condições (doença de Gaucher, Fabry, Pompe e Niemann-Pick tipo A/B). Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, amostragem por conveniência, incluindo pacientes com diagnóstico clínico e bioquímico das DLs estudadas. Foi utilizada a plataforma NGS Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (Thermo Fisher Scientific) para sequenciamento de três painéis de genes, desenhados através da ferramenta Ion AmpliseqTM Designer (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Para a validação foram incluídos pacientes com diagnóstico molecular prévio por sequenciamento de Sanger. Para a extração de ADN de SIPF, foi avaliado o método não comercial de fenol-clorofórmio. A utilidade clínica do NGS foi estabelecida através do: a) diagnóstico molecular de um grupo de pacientes com suspeita de lipofuscinose ceróide neuronal tipo 2 (CLN2) para o estabelecimento do genótipo (TPP1) associado à doença, assim como estabeleceu-se o diagnóstico molecular de outros pacientes com suspeita clínica e/ou bioquímica de algumas das DLs selecionadas, b) diagnóstico diferencial de um paciente utilizando um dos painéis NGS desenhados e, c) avaliação das amostras de recém-nascidos (obtidas em estudo paralelo) que tiveram resultados inicialmente alterados na triagem neonatal bioquímica para algumas das DLs selecionadas. Resultados: 1) Três painéis foram desenhados, cada um consistindo em dois pools de primers que amplificam as regiões codificantes e 20pb da junção exon-intron. Os painéis A, B e C têm amplitude de cobertura de 97.74, 99.6 e 98.38%, respectivamente. Nesta validação foi possível estabelecer a sensibilidade, especificidade e limitações de cada painel (Artigo 1); 2) foi estabelecida a metodologia para a extração de ADN para seu uso em vários processos moleculares downstream: PCR convencional, Real-Time PCR, PCR-RFLP, MLPA, Sequenciamento de Sanger e NGS na plataforma Ion Torrent PGMTM (Artigo 2); 3) A utilidade clínica dos painéis desenhados foi estabelecida através de: a) Genotipagem de 48 pacientes com suspeita clínica e bioquímica de CLN2 (painel C) (Artigo 4), e de 3 outros casos: 1 caso de Niemann-Pick tipo B (SMPD1) (painel B) e 2 casos de doença de Danon (LAMP2) (painel A) (Artigo 1), b) o diagnóstico diferencial foi realizado através do caso de um paciente com suspeita inicial de Niemann-Pick C que, após a análise molecular, foi diagnosticado com Niemann-Pick tipo B utilizando o painel B, (Artigo 1) c) a aplicabilidade dos painéis de genes para a confirmação diagnóstica em casos de triagem neonatal foi realizada em 2 casos com resultados alterados na triagem neonatal: um caso de Pompe (painel A) e outro de Gaucher (painel B) (Artigo 3 e Anexo I). Conclusão: A abordagem por NGS através do uso de painéis, foi capaz de identificar diferentes alterações genéticas nos genes estudados, incluindo variantes do tipo missense, nonsense, de sítio de splicing, e pequenas indels. Estes painéis oferecem uma estratégia de triagem dos 24 genes associadas às DLs selecionadas. Este trabalho foi inovador ao utilizar o NGS para a análise molecular dos genes associados às DLs no Brasil; foi desenvolvido no Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Molecular do Serviço de Genética Médica do Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, conhecido como um centro de referência em diagnóstico e pesquisa de DLs, e que atualmente tem os painéis NGS como principal ferramenta de diagnóstico molecular.Introduction: Lysosomal diseases (LDs) are genetic pathologies that, although classified as rare, affect a significant percentage of the population. Many factors make its diagnosis challenging, including variability in phenotype, with few specific clinical signs and symptoms. The development of innovative research tools, highlighting new methods of massive sequencing, would reduce the "diagnostic odyssey" faced by the patient and his family, would provide an earlier diagnosis with better treatment outcome in situations where therapy is available, in addition to adequate genetic counseling. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology has clear advantages over conventional sequencing techniques, offering a high diagnostic yield by enabling a comprehensive mutational spectrum to be defined. The NGS allows the sequencing of several genes simultaneously with relatively low overall cost, making gene panels an attractive alternative for genetic screening. This approach is able to detect, in a highly specific manner, missense, nonsense, splicing, and small indels variants, and some large deletions in homozygosis or hemizygosis. However, for this technology to be applicable to clinical practice, a prior validation step is required to determine the critical parameters of analysis from sample processing to data analysis and interpretation. After validation of the methods, it will be possible to evaluate the clinical usefulness of NGS panels for several applications, including their use as a confirmatory method in cases of altered neonatal screening for lysosomal diseases. Objectives: 1) To design and validate an NGS-based strategy for the analysis of 24 genes, included in 3 different panels according to pre-defined parameters, and associated with 22 LDs; 2) To evaluate the quality and efficiency of DNA extracted from dried blood spots (DBS) for its use in NGS; 3) To evaluate the clinical use of NGS for: a) molecular diagnosis, b) differential diagnosis and c) diagnostic confirmation of altered cases in neonatal screening for at least 4 of these conditions (Gaucher, Fabry, Pompe and Niemann-Pick type A / B). Methodology: Descriptive study, convenience sampling, including patients with clinical and biochemical diagnosis of selected LDs. The NGS Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine (Thermo Fisher Scientific) platform was used for the sequencing of three gene panels, designed using the Ion Ampliseq ™ Designer tool (Thermo Fisher Scientific). For the validation, patients with previous molecular diagnosis by Sanger sequencing were included. For the extraction of DBS DNA, a non-commercial method of phenol-chloroform was evaluated. The clinical utility of NGS was established through: a) molecular diagnosis of a group of patients with suspected type 2 neuronal cercoid lipofuscinosis (CLN2) to establish the disease-associated genotype (TPP1), as well as the molecular diagnosis of other patients with clinical and / or biochemical suspicion of some of the selected LDs, b) differential diagnosis of a patient using one of the designed NGS panels, and c) evaluation of the newborn samples (obtained in a parallel study) that initially had altered results in the neonatal screening for some of the selected LDs. Results: 1) Three panels were designed, each consisting of two pools of primers that amplify the coding regions and 20pb of the exon-intron junction. Panels A, B and C have coverage range of 97.74, 99.6 and 98.38%, respectively. In this validation it was possible to establish the sensitivity, specificity and limitations of each panel (Article 1); 2) the methodology for the extraction of DNA for its use in several downstream molecular processes was established: conventional PCR, Real-Time PCR, PCR-RFLP, MLPA, Sanger Sequencing and NGS in the Ion Torrent PGMTM platform; 3) The clinical use of the panels was established through: a) Genotyping of 48 patients with clinical and biochemical CLN2 (panel C) (Article 4), and of 3 other cases: 1 case of Niemann-Pick type B ( SMPD1) (panel B) and 2 cases of Danon's disease (LAMP2) (panel A) (Article 1), b) he differential diagnosis was made through the case of a patient with initial suspicion of Niemann-Pick C who, after molecular analysis, was diagnosed with Niemann-Pick type B using panel B (Article 1), c) the applicability of the gene panels for diagnostic confirmation in cases of neonatal screening was performed in 2 cases with altered results in neonatal screening: one case of Pompe (panel A) and another case of Gaucher (panel B) (Article 3 and Annex I) . Conclusion: The NGS approach using gene panels was able to identify different genetic alterations in the genes studied, including missense, nonsense, splicing variants, and small indels. These panels offer a screening strategy for the 24 genes associated with the selected LDs. This work was innovative by using NGS for the molecular analysis of genes associated with LDs in Brazil; it was developed in the Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Biology of the Medical Genetics Service of the Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre, known as a reference center in diagnosis and research of LDs, and that currently has the NGS panels as the main tool of molecular diagnosis