Medición de usabilidad de trámites públicos en línea en Chile: un caso de estudio en gobierno electrónico

The possibility of conducting public online transactions means an important help to users and a reduction of governmental resources. However, the usage of the digital channel can get obstructed by different variables where the usability of the service plays an important role. This research presents a usability evaluation of 60 online services offered by the Chilean government. Following a heuristic evaluation model, we conducted a diagnosis and propose lines of improvement to the problems detected. The evaluation showed that the online services do not offer enough control to users, the services cause uncertainty while interacting with them, and there is not enough guidance to users during relevant steps of the interaction. The evaluation shows that usability is an important variable when explaining the difficulties of public online services spreading between users and it suggests that interventions in this sense could make more efficient the digital channel within the e-government context.La posibilidad de realizar cada vez más trámites públicos en línea (TPL) supone una vital ayuda a los usuarios y una disminución en los recursos que el gobierno debe invertir en acercarse a éstos. No obstante, el uso de herramientas digitales por parte de los usuarios parece dificultado por una serie de variables donde la usabilidad de los sistemas juega un rol preponderante. Esta investigación presenta una evaluación de la usabilidad de 60 TPLs en Chile a partir de la metodología de evaluación heurística, y propone mejoras a partir de un diagnóstico objetivo. Esta evaluación muestra 3 problemas principales en el servicio de TPLs en Chile: (1) los usuarios no sienten control en las acciones que realizan, (2) el sitio genera incertidumbre, (3) no se guía a los usuarios al realizar tareas relevantes. Ésto demuestra que la usabilidad es una variable importante al momento de explicar los problemas de masificación de los servicios en línea de gobierno electrónico, y que intervenciones en este sentido pueden hacerlos más eficientes tanto en Chile como otros países hispanoparlantes

Pliometría en la velocidad en futbolistas de las categorías formativas del Club Orense S. C.

The objective of this study was to demonstrate the influence that plyometrics has on the speed of soccer players in the training categories of the Orense soccer club. A descriptive quasi-experimental longitudinal study design with a quantitative approach was conducted. For this study, the pre and posttest of 0-10 meters was used, the results of which were M=1.4414 seconds and DE= 0.17659 seconds, which means a difference in speed of 0.07571m/s on average, in the 0 - 30m test. it reaches a M= 4.6231 with a DE= 0.79151 which implies that the speed was reduced by 0.12286 m/s with respect to the average; in the 10-30 m test, M= 2.9534 seconds and DE= 0.40047 seconds were achieved, obtaining a difference in speed of .08743 m/s on average; In conclusion, the 6-week intervention plan through plyometric exercises significantly improved speed in soccer players. A total of 35 participated, of which 13 were from the sub 12 category; 9 from the sub 14 category and 13 athletes from the 16 categories; with a weight (M=53.34 kg; SD=11.585); height (M=1.62 cm; SD= 0.105). The results express that the plyometric training manages to increase the speed of 0-10m, 0-30 m and 10-30 meters, decreasing the time to cover said distance; In conclusion, it was determined that if we apply plyometric training correctly, it can be pointed out that there are significant improvements in the speed capacity of soccer players.El objetivo del presente estudio fue demostrar la influencia que tiene la pliometría en la velocidad de los futbolistas de las categorías formativas del club de fútbol Orense. Se realizó un diseño de estudio longitudinal de corte cuasi experimental descriptivo con enfoque cuantitativo. Para este estudio se utilizó el pre y post test de 0-10 m, cuyos resultados fueron M=1,4414 segundo y DE= 0,17659 segundos, lo que significa una diferencia en la velocidad de 0,07571m/s de media, en la prueba de 0 – 30 m alcanza una M= 4,6231 con una DE= 0,79151 lo que implica que se redujo la velocidad en 0,12286 m/s respecto a la media. En la prueba de 10 – 30 m se consiguió una M= 2,9534 segundos y DE= 0,40047 segundos, obteniendo una diferencia en la velocidad de ,08743 m/s de media. En conclusión, el plan de intervención de 6 semanas a través de ejercicios pliométricos mejoró significativamente la velocidad en los futbolistas. Participaron un total de 35, de los cuales 13 fueron de la categoría sub-12; 9 de la categoría sub-14 y, 13 deportistas de la categoría 16. Todos los participantes con un peso (M=53,34 kg; DE=11,585); talla (M=1,62 cm; DE= 0,105). Los resultados expresan que el entrenamiento pliométrico consigue aumentar la velocidad de 0 – 10 m, de 0 - 30 m y 10 – 30 metros, disminuyendo el tiempo en recorrer dicha distancia. Finalmente, se determinó que si aplicamos correctamente el entrenamiento pliométrico se puede señalar que existen mejoras significativas en la capacidad de velocidad en los futbolistas

Sublittoral soft bottom communities and diversity of Mejillones Bay in northern Chile (Humboldt Current upwelling system)

The macrozoobenthos of Mejillones Bay (23°S; Humboldt Current) was quantitatively investigated over a 7-year period from austral summer 1995/1996 to winter 2002. About 78 van Veen grab samples taken at six stations (5, 10, 20 m depth) provided the basis for the analysis of the distribution of 60 species and 28 families of benthic invertebrates, as well as of their abundance and biomass. Mean abundance (2,119 individuals m-2) was in the same order compared to a previous investigation; mean biomass (966 g formalin wet mass m-2), however, exceeded prior estimations mainly due to the dominance of the bivalve Aulacomya ater. About 43% of the taxa inhabited the complete depth range. Mean taxonomic Shannon diversity (H', Log e) was 1.54 ± 0.58 with a maximum at 20 m (1.95 ± 0.33); evenness increased with depth. The fauna was numerically dominated by carnivorous gastropods, polychaetes and crustaceans (48%). About 15% of the species were suspensivorous, 13% sedimentivorous, 11% detritivorous, 7% omnivorous and 6% herbivorous. Cluster analyses showed a significant difference between the shallow and the deeper stations. Gammarid amphipods and the polychaete family Nephtyidae characterized the 5-mzone, the molluscs Aulacomya ater, Mitrella unifasciata and gammarids the intermediate zone, while the gastropod Nassarius gayi and the polychaete family Nereidae were most prominent at the deeper stations. The communities of the three depth zones did not appear to be limited by hypoxia during non-El Niño conditions. Therefore, no typical change in community structure occurred during El Niño 1997–1998, in contrast to what was observed for deeper faunal assemblages and hypoxic bays elsewhere in the coastal Humboldt Current system

Evolving trends in the management of acute appendicitis during COVID-19 waves. The ACIE appy II study

Background: In 2020, ACIE Appy study showed that COVID-19 pandemic heavily affected the management of patients with acute appendicitis (AA) worldwide, with an increased rate of non-operative management (NOM) strategies and a trend toward open surgery due to concern of virus transmission by laparoscopy and controversial recommendations on this issue. The aim of this study was to survey again the same group of surgeons to assess if any difference in management attitudes of AA had occurred in the later stages of the outbreak. Methods: From August 15 to September 30, 2021, an online questionnaire was sent to all 709 participants of the ACIE Appy study. The questionnaire included questions on personal protective equipment (PPE), local policies and screening for SARS-CoV-2 infection, NOM, surgical approach and disease presentations in 2021. The results were compared with the results from the previous study. Results: A total of 476 answers were collected (response rate 67.1%). Screening policies were significatively improved with most patients screened regardless of symptoms (89.5% vs. 37.4%) with PCR and antigenic test as the preferred test (74.1% vs. 26.3%). More patients tested positive before surgery and commercial systems were the preferred ones to filter smoke plumes during laparoscopy. Laparoscopic appendicectomy was the first option in the treatment of AA, with a declined use of NOM. Conclusion: Management of AA has improved in the last waves of pandemic. Increased evidence regarding SARS-COV-2 infection along with a timely healthcare systems response has been translated into tailored attitudes and a better care for patients with AA worldwide